Robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of trigeminal neuralgia treatment in elderly patients with percutaneous balloon compression assisted by a robotic surgical navigation and positioning planning system.Methods:Eleven elderly patients with trigeminal neuralgia admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University between August 2021 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.Three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography, a three-dimensional fast spin-echo sequence with variable flip angles and thin-slice CT scans were performed before the procedure, and multimodal image fusion was performed by a robot workstation.The volume of Meckel's cave was calculated.Two paths were set up in the surgical planning: an actual puncture path, targeting the anterior inner quadrant of the internal foramen ovale, and a virtual path, used to plan the insertion depth of the balloon.The actual puncture path was completed under the guidance of the robotic arm adapter, and the virtual path for depth measurement was completed under lateral X-ray views of digital subtraction angiography.The balloon was placed at the predetermined depth and was inflated to form a pear shape to complete the procedure.The visual analogue scale(VAS)score was used to evaluate preoperative pain, and the Barrow Neurological Institute(BNI)facial numbness score was used to evaluate postoperative facial numbness.The patients were followed up for 1-12 months and the results were analyzed.Results:In all of the 11 patients, puncturing the foramen ovale and entry into the Meckel's cave were successfully conducted and the balloon was inflated to form a pear shape.Ten patients(90.9%)achieved complete remission immediately after the procedure, and 1 patient had delayed healing at 5 days after the procedure.There were no serious complications related to the procedure.There was no recurrence of pain during the follow-up, and the BNI numbness grading was between 2-3.The ratio between the inflated balloon volume and the preoperative volume of the Meckel's cave was approximately 1.7.Conclusions:Robot-assisted percutaneous balloon compression is safe and effective for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in elderly patients.

Frailty progress and related factors in the elderly living in community: a prospective study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To investigate frailty progress status and related factors in the elderly living in communities. Methods: A cohort of elderly people aged 65 and over in Pingyi community of Dujiangyan, Sichuan province, was established. Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted by trained interviewers. The frailty status, cognitive function, nutrition status and other functions of the subjects surveyed were evaluated at baseline survey and during follow-up. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects surveyed were assessed at baseline survey. Binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with frailty progress. Results: A total of 653 elderly people were surveyed in January 2014, and 507 elderly people were followed up while 146 elderly people terminated further follow-up in January 2017. The prevalence rates of frailty and pre-frailty at baseline survey were 11.2% (n=57) and 26.2% (n=133), respectively. After 3 years, 205 subjects (40.4%) surveyed experienced frailty progress, 276 (54.5%) remained to be in frailty state at baseline survey, and 26 (5.1%) had improvement. Disability (OR=8.27, 95%CI: 1.62-42.26), visual problem (OR=2.02, 95%CI: 1.27-3.22), cognitive impairment (OR=1.94, 95%CI: 1.08-3.48), poor self-rated health (OR=1.89, 95%CI: 1.07-3.31), chronic pain (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.03-2.40) and older age (OR=1.12, 95%CI: 1.08-1.17) were independently associated with the progress of frailty. In contract, overweight was a protective factor (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.34-0.85). Conclusions: Frailty is a dynamic syndrome affected by several socio-demographic factors and geriatric factors. The results of the study can be used in the prevention of frailty progress in the elderly in communities.

Frailty progress and related factors in the elderly living in community: a prospective study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To investigate frailty progress status and related factors in the elderly living in communities.Methods A cohort of elderly people aged 65 and over in Pingyi community of Dujiangyan,Sichuan province,was established.Face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted by trained interviewers.The frailty status,cognitive function,nutrition status and other functions of the subjects surveyed were evaluated at baseline survey and during follow-up.The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the subjects surveyed were assessed at baseline survey.Binary logistic regressions were used to identify factors associated with frailty progress.Results A total of 653 elderly people were surveyed in January 2014,and 507 elderly people were followed up while 146 elderly people terminated further follow-up in January 2017.The prevalence rates of frailty and pre-frailty at baseline survey were 11.2％ (n=57) and 26.2％ (n=133),respectively.After 3 years,205 subjects (40.4％) surveyed experienced frailty progress,276 (54.5％) remained to be in frailty state at baseline survey,and 26 (5.1％) had improvement.Disability (OR=8.27,95％CI:1.62-42.26),visual problem (OR=2.02,95％CI:1.27-3.22),cognitive impairment (OR=1.94,95％CI:1.08-3.48),poor self-rated health (OR=1.89,95％ CI:1.07-3.31),chronic pain (OR=1.57,95％ CI:1.03-2.40) and older age (OR =1.12,95％CI:1.08-1.17) were independently associated with the progress of frailty.In contract,overweight was a protective factor (OR=0.54,95％CI:0.34-0.85).Conclusions Frailty is a dynamic syndrome affected by several socio-demographic factors and geriatric factors.The results of the study can be used in the prevention of frailty progress in the elderly in communities.

Application of Mixed Reality Technology in Visualization of Medical Operations / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

With the continuous progress of virtual simulation technology, medical surgery visualization system has been developed from two-dimensional to three-dimensional, from digital to network and intelligentization. The visualization system with mixed reality technology will also be used in all stage of medical surgery, such as case discussion, surgical planning, intraoperative guidance, post-operative evaluation, rehabilitation, so as to further promote high intelligence, high precision of medical surgery, and consequently improve effectiveness of treatment and quality of medical service. This paper discusses the composition and technical characteristics of medical operation visualization system based on mixed reality technology, and introduces some typical applications of mixed reality technology in medical operation visualization, which provides a new perspective for the application of mixed technology in medical surgery.

Effect of frailty syndrome on falls in Chinese elderly diabetics in the communities: a prospective cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To explore the relationship between frailty syndrome and falls in the elderly diabetics, in the communities. Methods: A three-year cohort study involving 653 community-dwelling adults who were over 65 years of age and participated in the Survey of Disease, Psychological and Social Needs in Dujiangyan Pingyi Community. Diabetic patients would include those who self-reported as having histories of diabetes or on anti-hyperglycemic therapies. Frailty, functional and other geriatric status were assessed respectively. Falls was defined as having had multiple falls or at least one event but with injury. Results: The highest prevalence of falls was found in the group of frail diabetic group (62.5%). Data showed that baseline frailty was associated with falls in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups but the odds ratio in the diabetic group was higher than that of the non-diabetic group (OR=3.87, 95%CI: 1.45-10.28 vs. OR=6.68, 95%CI: 1.14-38.99). Conclusion: Frailty could be used as a strong clinical predictor to prevent falls, for the elderly diabetic Chinese living in the communities.

Research on blended learning in the field of medical education in China based on content analysis / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective to accurately understand the current research situation of blended learning in medical educationand find the problems and shortcomings in the study. Methods In order to accurately understand the research status and problems of blended learning in medical education, adopting the content analysis, a literature review is constructed from the aspects of the number of publications, research contents and hot topics using the Bicomb analysis system. This paper selects 61 relevant articles from CNKI. By reliability analysis formula R=nK/[1+ (n-1) K], the reliability R is about 0.97, more than 0.9, which means the classification results have a higher degree of credibility. Results It is found that Blended learning is mainly concentrated in medical colleges and universities in the field of medical education in China. The hot research topic is the use of "flipped class", "PBL teaching mode" and other new teaching modes, mainly based on the third party network platform like MOCC and micro courses. Conclusion The results show that there are many problems in present research. In China, the research of blended learning started late, and the quality needs to be further improved. In further research, we should strengthen the cooperation of vari-ous fields, pay more attention to the development of network teaching platform, optimize the quality of teaching resources, and improve the level of empirical research.

Effect of frailty syndrome on falls in Chinese elderly diabetics in the communities: a prospective cohort study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between frailty syndrome and falls in the elderly diabetics,in the communities.Methods A three-year cohort study involving 653 community-dwelling adults who were over 65 years of age and participated in the Survey of Disease,Psychological and Social Needs in Dujiangyan Pingyi Community.Diabetic patients would include those who self-reported as having histories of diabetes or on anti-hyperglycemic therapies.Frailty,functional and other geriatric status were assessed respectively.Falls was defined as having had multiple falls or at least one event but with injury.Results The highest prevalence of falls was found in the group of frail diabetic group (62.5％).Data showed that baseline frailty was associated with falls in both diabetic and non-diabetic groups but the odds ratio in the diabetic group was higher than that of the non-diabetic group (OR=3.87,95％ CI:1.45-10.28 vs.OR=6.68,95％ CI:1.14-38.99).Conclusion Frailty could be used as a strong clinical predictor to prevent falls,for the elderly diabetic Chinese living in the communities.

Effect of dynamic regulation of negative pressure values in vacuum sealing drainage on healing of soft tissue wounds / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of dynamic regulation of negative pressure values in vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) on healing of soft tissue wounds.Methods From January 2013 to December 2015,115 patients were treated at our institute for open soft tissue defects of Gustilo-Anderson type ⅢaⅢc.They were 69 males and 46 females,aged from 17 to 76 years (average,44.7 years).They were divided into 4 groups to be subjected to different negative pressure values.Group A (n =29) was subjected to negative pressure values from-40 to-20 kPa,group B (n =29) to values from-80 to-60 kPa,group C (n =29) to values from-40 to-20 kPa for the first 72 hours followed by values from-80 to-60 kPa,and group D (n =28) to values from-60 to-80 kPa for the first 72 hours followed by values from-40 to -20 kPa.The 4 groups were compared in terms of drainage volume,wound shrinking,cleaning time,healing time and complications.Results The drainage volumes on the 7th day in groups B and D (4.89 ± 0.66 mL/cm2 and 4.33 ± 0.96 mL/cm2) were significantly higher than those in groups A and C (2.90 ± 0.67 mL/cm2 and 2.99 ±0.56 mL/cm2);the wound shrinking areas on the 14th day in groups B and D (14.16 ± 1.77 cm2 and 13.84 ± 1.65 cm2) were significantly larger than in groups A and C (12.57 ± 1.92 cm2 and 10.95 ± 1.37 cm2) (P ＜ 0.05).The cleaning time in group A was significantly longer than in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The healing time in groups A and C was longer than in groups B and D (P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of pain in groups B and C were significantly higher than in groups A and D (P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of infection and blocking in group A were higher than in the other 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Dynamic regulation of negative pressure values from-80 to-60 kPa for the first 72 hours followed by values from-40 to-20 kPa is an optimal choice for VSD management of soft tissue defects due to adequate drainage,obvious wound shrinking,quick cleaning and healing,and limited complications.

A de novo partial 5p deletion and cryptic 18p duplication detected by SNP-Array in a boy featuring Cri du Chat syndrome / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the karyotype of a boy suspected to have Cri du Chat syndrome with severe clinical manifestations, and to assess the recurrence risk for his family.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>High-resolution GTG banding was performed to analyze the patient and his parents. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with Cri du Chat syndrome region probe as well as subregional probes mapped to 5pter, 5qter, 18pter, 18qter, and whole chromosome painting probe 18 was performed to analyze the patient and his parents. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphism-based arrays (SNP-Array) analysis with Affymetrix GeneChip Genome-wide Human SNP Nsp/Sty 6.0 were also performed to analyze the patient.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Karyotype analysis indicated that the patient has carried a terminal deletion in 5p. FISH with Cri du Chat syndrome region probe confirmed that D5S23 and D5S721 loci are deleted. SNP-Array has detected a 15 Mb deletion at 5p and a 2 Mb duplication at 18p. FISH with 5p subtelomeric probes and 18p subtelomeric probe further confirmed that the derivative chromosome 5 has derived from a translocation between 5p and 18p, which has given rise to a 46,XY,der(5)t(5;18)(p15.1;p11.31)dn karyotype.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A de novo 5p partial deletion in conjunction with a cryptic 18p duplication has been detected in a boy featuring Cri-du-Chat syndrome. His parents, both with negative findings, have a low recurrence risk. For its ability to detect chromosomal imbalance, SNP-Array has a great value for counseling of similar patients and assessment of recurrence risks.</p>

Clinical feature and management of uveal effusion syndrome / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Uveal effusion syndrome is uncommon in clinic.To understand the clinical characteristics of uveal effusion syndrome is helpful for rescuing visual acuity of patient.Objective This study was to discuss the diagnosis,classification and surgical outcome of uveal effusion syndrome.Methods This was a descriptive study.The clinical data of 14 eys from 10 patients with uveal effusion syndrome,ineluding ophthalmologic examination,B-scan sonography,ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM),fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA),surgical treatment and prognosis,were retrospectively analyzed.The follow-up period was 6 months.Results The fundus findings of all impacted eyes showed bullous-shape retinal detachment (RD).B-scan sonography revealed retinal and choroidal detachment.A annular peripheral ciliochoroidal detachment was observed in the cases under the UBM.FFA exhibited leopard spots without any leakage from choroid into the subretinal space.ICGA demonstrated diffusely choroidal granular hyperfluorescence in the very early phase,which presented with an increasing intensity as time lapse until the late phase.Full-thickness sclerectomy was performed on 4 eyes of 2 patients and subscleral sclerectomy was performed in 1 eye of 1 patient,achieving a retinal anatomic reattachment after surgery.All of the patients finished the fellow-up.No recurrence of RD was seen during the followup duration.Conclusions Comprehensive preoperative evaluation,including ophthalmologic ultrasonography,MRI and CT,is crucial for accurate classification of uveal effusion syndrome and determine of proper management strategy.

Identification of a cryptic 1p36.3 microdeletion in a patient with Prader-Willi-like syndrome features / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the karyotype of a patient with Prader-Willi-like syndrome features.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromosomal high resolution banding was carried out to analyze the karyotype of the patient, and methylation-specific PCR was used to analyze the imprinting region of chromosome 15. Subtelomeric region was screened by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and real-time quantitative PCR were further performed to identify the deleted region.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No abnormality was discovered by high resolution karyotype analysis and methylation-specific PCR studies. MLPA analysis showed that the patient had a deletion of 1p subtelomeric area, which was confirmed by FISH analysis. The deleted region was shown within a 4.2 Mb in the distal 1p by 3 BAC FISH probes of 1p36 combined with real-time PCR technique. Family pedigree investigation showed the chromosome abnormality was de novo. Therefore, partial monosomy 1p36 was likely responsible for the mental retardation of the patient.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Molecular cytogenetic techniques should be performed to those patients with Prader-Willi-like syndrome features, to determine their karyotypes.</p>

Chromosome copy analysis by single-cell comparative genomic hybridization technique based on primer extension preamplification and degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a single-cell whole genome amplification (WGA) technique, in combination with comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), for analyzing chromosomal copy number changes, and to explore its clinical application in preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twelve single-cell samples with known karyotypes, including 5 chorionic villus samples, 4 human embryonic stem cell (hESC) samples and 3 peripheral lymphocyte samples, and 4 single blastomere samples carrying chromosomal abnormalities detected by PGD, were collected for whole genome amplification by combining primer extension preamplification (PEP) with degenerate oligonucleotide primed-PCR (DOP-PCR) amplification. The amplified products labeled by red fluorescence were mixed with control DNA labeled by green fluorescence, and then the mixture was analyzed by CGH. As a comparison, 10 single cell samples were amplified by DOP-PCR only and then CGH analysis was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The amplification using PEP-DOP-PCR was more stable than traditional DOP-PCR. The products of PEP-DOP-PCR range from 100 bp to 1000 bp, with the mean size being about 400 bp. The CGH results were consistent with analyses by other methods. However, only 6 out of 10 single cell samples were successfully amplified by DOP-PCR, and CGH analysis showed a high background and 2 samples showed inconsistent results from other methods.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PEP-DOP-PCR can effectively amplify the whole genome DNA of single cell. Combined with CGH, this WGA method can successfully detect single-cell chromosomal copy number changes, while DOP-PCR was easy to fail to amplify and amplify inhomogeneously, and CGH analysis using this PCR product usually showed high background. These results suggest that PEP-DOP-CGH is a promising method for preimplantation genetic diagnosis.</p>

Expression and function of interleukin-23/17 axis in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colitis in mouse / 中华消化杂志

Objective To study the expression and the role of interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis in colonic tissue of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) induced eolitic mice.Methods Mice were divided into four groups:control (n=24),TNBS (n= 24),TNBS 48 hours + mlL-17 antibodies (n=24),TNBS 48 hours + normal rat blood-serum (n= 24).TNBS-induced colitis model was constructed.The mice in control group and TNBS colitis group were sacrificed at 24 hours,48 hours,7th day,respectively.In TNBS 48 hours + mlL-17 antibodies group and TNBS 48 hours + normal rat blood-serum group,a single injection with the polyclonal mlL-17 antibodies or serum were given intraperitoneally at two hours before enema with TNBS,respectively,and the mice were killed at 48 hours after enema with TNBS.The histological score of colon and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of colonic tissue were evaluated in each group.IL-23p19 and IL-17 concentrations in colonic tissue were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Expression of nuclear factor (NF)-κBp65in colonic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method.Expression of IL-23p19,IL-17 and IL-12p35 mRNA in colonic tissue were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with SYBR Green I.Results The protein levels of IL-23p19 in colonic tissue in TNBS colitis groups at 24 hours,48 hours and 7 days were (15.53±3.32),(31.16±4.98) and (14.03±3.56) ng/mg,respectively,and their mRNA level were (4.09±0.34),(3.39±0.46) and (6.54±1.82),respectively.The protein levels of IL-17 were (0.35±0.06),(0.38±0.08),and (0.26±0.05) ng/mg,respectively,and their mRNA level were (4.21±2.61),(2.65±0.91) and (5.63±1.43),respectively.The expression levels of IL-23p19 and IL-17 in colitis model were significantly higher than those in control group and the peak was at 48 hours.Moreover,expression of IL-23p19 and IL-17 and their mRNA were positively correlated to their mRNA levels.In TNBS 48 hours + mIL-17 antibodies group,the expression levels of NF-κBp65,the microscopic scores and MPO (1.86 % ± 0.36 %,0.63 ± 0.52,0.40 ± 0.03 U/g,respectively) were significantly lower than those in TNBS 48 hours group (4.35% ±0.37%,5.13±0.64,2.29±0.40 U/g tissue,respectively).Neutralization of IL-17 was significantly protected against TNBS-induced colonic inflammation and MPO and expression of NF-κB p65.The results indicated that neutralization of IL-17 significantly reduced colonic inflammation and suppressed NF-κBp65 activation.This protection occurred in the presence of equivalent induction of local IL-23 p19 and high levels of IL-12p35 in the polyclonal raiL-17 antibodies-treated mice.Conclusions IL-23/IL-17 axis plays a critical role at the early acute phase of TNBS-induced inflammation.IL-17 may represent a new target for therapeutic intervention for inflammatory bowel disease.

Microsurgical treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the early and intermediate stage / 中国综合临床

Objective To explore the microsurgical method in treating ruptured aneurysms treatment and evaluating the treatment of the complication during or after the operation.Methods 36 cases of patients with intracranial aneurysm were analyzed retrospectively.All of the patients were subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by CT scan on admission.The intracranial aneurysms were confirmed in 35 cases by DSA examination and A2 aneurysm was confirmed by explorative operation in 1 case.The microsurgical treatment was performed in 36 cases at the early or intermediate stage,22 cases were treated in the early stage,the other 14 cases were treated in the intermediate stage (early stage means within 3 days post SAH;intermediate stage means from 4 days to 10 days post SAH).Results After the operation,21 cases were GOS grade Ⅰ,4 cases were COS grade Ⅱ,4 cases were COS grade Ⅲ,4 cases were GOS grade Ⅳ.Of all the patients,CT scan was done after the operation,finding no intracranial bemorrhage,and cerebral infarction was disclosed in 5 cases.3 cases were dead,one suffered occipital lobe infaret after the PCoA aneurysm clipped,brain hernia occurred at last,one's Hunt Hess grade was Ⅴ,ACoA aneurysm was disclosed by DSA examination,severe brain edema occurred after the operation,the other suffered tonsillar hernia one week after the aneurysm clipping,which ruptured after endovascular treatment of ACoA aneurysm 2 years later.DSA examinations were done in 26 cases after operation,declaring 1 ACoA aneurysm was unclipped,1 PCoA aneurysm was incompletely clipped,and 1 PCoA was sacrificed.Conclusions It is a valuable method to clip the ruptured intracranial aneurysms in early and intermediate stage.The cerebral ischemia is the severe complication after clipping.Especially for the PCoA aneurysms,it is very important to protect the PCoA.Further research should be done for the treatment in the case with mother artery arteriosclerosis and thrombosis within the aneurysms.

Correlation between the expression of thrombospondin-1 and neovascularization in mucoepidermoid carcinoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Researchers have recently demonstrated that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) has an important function in regulating neovascularization. Whether it inhibits or accelerates neovascularization, however, is still controversial. We found few reports about the correlation between TSP-1 and vascularization in mucoepidermoid carcinoma. In this research, the distribution and expression of TSP-1 in mucoepidermoid carcinoma were investigated. We also analyzed (1) the correlation between the expression of TSP-1 and microvessel density (MVD), as an indicator of neovascularization activity, and (2) the effect of TSP-1 on neovascularization and tumor growth in the subcutaneous xenotransplanted model of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>(1) The sites and intensity of expression of TSP-1 and the MVD were analyzed in 45 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma after surgery by the method of streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry; and (2) recombinant human thrombospondin-1 (rhTSP-1) was injected twice a week for five consecutive weeks around the tumor in the subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor model of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in nude mice. Each week, the tumor size was measured, in order to draw the growth curve of the xenotransplanted tumor model of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and MVD was measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The positive expression of TSP-1 protein was 57.78% (26/45). Most positive staining for TSP-1 was found in the cytoplasm of the cancer cells, while some staining occurred in the extracellular matrix. The mean MVD in 45 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma was 58.17 +/- 19.77 per 100 visual fields. Tumors with a high expression of TSP-1 showed a low MVD value, and the TSP-1 immunocompetence and microvessel density showed a significant negative correlation (r(s) = -0.947, P < 0.001). (2) The xenotransplanted tumors with the injection doses of 1.25, 0.75 and 0.25 microg/ml respectively were 36.97%, 53.36% and 73.61% of the size of the control group ((451 +/- 92), (651 +/- 113), (898 +/- 86) and (1220 +/- 157) mm(3) respectively, F = 53.167, P < 0.001), and their weights were respectively 35.14%, 51.35% and 70.27% of the control group ((1.3 +/- 0.5), (1.9 +/- 0.5), (2.6 +/- 0.3), and (3.7 +/- 0.7) g respectively, F = 62.669, P < 0.001). Their MVDs were 25.00%, 45.93%, and 72.20% respectively of the control group and concentration dependent (15.43 +/- 3.45, 28.35 +/- 4.24, 44.57 +/- 3.35 and 61.73 +/- 5.43 per 100 visual fields respectively, F = 54.582, P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The TSP-1 has a higher expression in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and the expression has a significant negative correlation with neovascularization. The TSP-1 inhibits neovascularization and tumor growth, and it might be a new biological therapy for treatment of patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma.</p>

Short-term Outcome of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Transplantation for Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / 中国修复重建外科杂志

ObjectiveTo determine whether transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)is effective in controlling or re.versing the deterioration caused by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(AtS). MethodsUetwcen February 2003 and April 2006,327 pa-fients(241 males and 86 females)with probable or definite ALS(diagnosed according to the El Escorial criteria)received dle oECstransplantation.Their ages ranged from 20 to 84 years(51.6±11.1 years).The duaration of sympltoms before surgical trealment wit84.8months to 13 years(2.9±2.0 years).OECs were cultured and.injected into palllological regions of the spinal cord and/or bilateralcoroila radiata of the brain;the patients were divided into three groups,group A(cord only,n=29),group B(cord and brain,,n=6),and group C(brain only,n=292)based on the transplant sites.ResultsThe patient's neurological function was assessedboth before and at4 weeks after transplantation by using the Amyolrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale(ALSFRS)of the ALSCNTF Trealment Study(ACTS).The$cores were increased from 17.2±8.6 pre-operation to 20.1±9.7 post-operation in group A(P<0.05),from 24.2 4-6.8 to 25.7±6.6(P>0.05)in group B,and from 20.3±8.6 to 22.0±9.4(P<0.001)in group C.There were no significant difference inincreased ALSFRS scores amongthe three groups(P>O.05).The total improvement rate of neurological function was 77.1%(252/327).The result of electramyographic examination showed that spontaneous potential diminishedand/or disappeared,the amplitude of the motor unit action potential decreased remarkably andthe numbers of motor unitaction potentialgreatly increased in 261 cases(79.8%).Sixteen patients(4.9%)experienced the various complications including headache.short-term fever,seizure attack,central nerve system infection,pneumonia,respiratory failure,urinary tract infection,heartfailure,and pos-sible pulmonary embolism;of them,there were 4 deaths(1.2%). ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that the OECs trasplantafion is effective in controlling or reversing the physiological deterioration caused by ALS.

MR Spectroscopy Evaluation and Short-term Outcome of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells Transplantation in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients / 中国修复重建外科杂志

Objective To evaluate proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS) for detection of the motor cortex and adjacent brain in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients with apparent upper motor neuron involvement after olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs) transplantation. Methods From December 2004 to February 2005, 7 patients with clinically definite ALS who could safely undergo MRS were admitted into the perspective study. The neurological status, ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS), EMG, and 1H-MRS taken before and 2 weeks after operations were carefully analyzed. The NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios were measured in the cerebral peduncle, genu and posterior limb of the internal capsule, corona radiata and precentral gyrus. Results The ALSFRS in 2 cases improved obviously whose ALSFRS increased from 30 to 33 and from 29 to 34 respectively. And 5 cases remained stable 2 weeks after OECs transplantation. Statistical analyses for all seven cases showed both the NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios decreased, but in the two cases with ALSFRS improvement the NAA/Cr increased in the certain anatomic position which confirmed the neurological and EMG findings. Conclusion The proton MR spectroscopy is a suitable noninvasive measure for ALS evaluation. The preliminary study suggests that two of the seven ALS cases improved apparently short-term after OECs transplantation. More patients are required for the clinical study and longer follow-up duration is needed for future research.

Killing effect of sequential Herceptin and adriamycin treatment on breast cancer cell line in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the killing effect of Herceptin and adriamycin sequentially applied on breast cancer cell line in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>BT-474 human breast cancer cells in exponential growth phase were treated with Herceptin alone, adriamycin alone and their sequential administration (Herceptin before adriamycin and vice versa), respectively. Under optical microscope, the morphological changes of the cells were observed before and after drug administration. The expression rate and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of HER-2/neu and cell death rate were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Microscopically, the cells treated with different protocols all exhibited such changes as darkening and increase of cellular debris with irregular cell morphology. Flow cytometry revealed no significant difference in the expression rate of HER-2/neu in each group before and after treatment, but the MFI of HER-2/neu and death rate of the treated cells were significant different from those of the control group (P<0.05). The cell death rate of Herceptin-pretreated cells was significantly higher than that of adriamycin-pretreated ones (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Herceptin pretreatment enhances the killing effect of adriamycin on breast cancer cell line BT-474, which provides experimental evidence for designing clinical sequential biochemotherapy of breast cancer.</p>

Process performance of simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal / 生物工程学报

The process performance of simultaneous anaerobic sulfide and nitrate removal was studied. The results showed that the process held a high sulfide and nitrate removal loading rate of 3.73kg/(m3 x d) and 0.80kg/(m3 x d), respectively, under steady state. It was capable of tolerating high influent substrate concentration (580mg/L and 110mg/L) with the optimum substrate concentration of 280mg/L and 67.5mg/L. It was capable of tolerating short hydraulic retention time (HRT) with the optimum HRT of 0.13d. Careful operation was needed when HRT was shortened because the process performance was deteriorated abruptly.

Short-term effect of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on the improvement of neurological functions in patients with chronic spinal cord injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: It was thought that there was no regeneration capacityin central nerves. Recent research shows that regeneration capacity of injured neural axons and recovery of some neurological functions can be achieved by changing local surroundings after spinal cord injury (SCI).OBJECTIVE: To probe into whether the transplantation of fetal olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) in recovering the neurological functions of patients with chronic SCI is safe, feasible, and effective.DESIGN: Auto-control observation before and after surgery.SETTING: Neurological Research and Treatment Center of Beijing Xishan Hospital; Second Department of Neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences; Second Department of Neurosurgery in Naval General Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 171 patients with chronic spinal cord injury were selected from the Second Department of Neurosurgery in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences and the Second Department of Neurosurgery in Naval General Hospital betweenNovember 2001 and February 2003, of which there are 147 patients with complete injury and 24 ones with incomplete injury. Post-injury period ranged from 0.5 to 18 years. Process of treatment is discussed and permitted by relevant Medical Ethics Committees. Cells were obtained from voluntary donors and patients agreed to receive the treatment.METHODS: ① Fetal olfactory bulbs were cultured for 12-17 days after being digested into single cells. ② Fetal OECs were transplanted into sites rostral and caudal to the epienter. ③ Neurological functions of all patients 2-8 weeks before and after operation were evaluated according to the scoring standard of ASIA.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Status of functional recovery in spinal cord of patients after transplantation of OECs. ② Harmful events and side effects.RESULTS: A total of 171 patients were involved in the analysis of results.①Status of functional recovery in spinal cord of patients with OECs transplantation: Partial neurological functions of 171 patients rapidly recovered,whose motor function score increased from (34.5±20.3) points before operation to (42.0±20.0) points (P ＜ 0.001) after operation, score of light touch increased from (47.2±24.0) points to (61.8±23.0) points (P ＜ 0.001) after operation,score of pain sense increased from (48.6±23.5) points to (64.0±22.8) points (P ＜ 0.001). ②Harmful events and side-effects: Early manifestations of spinal cord injury induced by infection in surgical area of one patient aggravated; two patients suffered from serious pulmonary infection,one patient from thalamic hemorrhage. Three patients mentioned above died of serious respiration and circulatory failures.CONCLUSION: OEC transplantation can rapidly promote partial neurological function of patients with chronic SCI, while the mechanism needs further observing.