Guide wire-assisted cannulation versus conventional contrast to prevent pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on randomized control trials / Canulación asistida por alambre guía versus contraste convencional para prevenir la pancreatitis: Una revisión sistemática y meta-análisis basados en ensayos aleatorios controlados

Objective: Through this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to clarify the differences between these two techniques, thus improving primary success cannulation and reducing complications during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, primarily pancreatitis. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to search for data available up until June2015from the most important databases available in the health field: EMBASE, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS and CENTRAL (via BVS), SCOPUS, the CAPES database (Brazil), and gray literature. Results: Nine randomized clinical trialsincluding2583 people were selected from20,198 studies for meta-analysis. Choledocholithiasis had been diagnosed in mostly (63.8%) of the patients, who were aged an average of 63.15 years. In those patients treated using the guide wire-assisted cannulation technique, provided a significantly lower instance of pancreatitis (RD=0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05; I2= 45%) and greater primary success cannulation (RD=0.07; 95% CI: 0.03-0.12; I2=12%) than conventional contrast cannulation. Conclusions: The guide wire-assisted technique, when compared to the conventional contrast technique, reduces the risk of pancreatitis and increases primary success cannulation rate. Thus, guide wire-assisted cannulation appears to be the most appropriate first-line cannulation technique

Objetivo: A través de esta revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, nuestro objetivo es aclarar las diferencias entre estas dos técnicas, mejorando así la canulación de éxito primario y reducir las complicaciones durante la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica, principalmente la pancreatitis. Métodos: Una búsqueda exhaustiva se realizó para buscar datos disponibles hasta junio de 2015, desde las bases de datos más importantes disponibles en el campo de la salud: EMBASE, MEDLINE (vía PubMed), Cochrane, LILACS y CENTRAL (a través de la BVS), SCOPUS, la base de datos CAPES (Brasil), y la literatura gris. Resultados: Nueve ensayos clínicos aleatorios incluyendo 2583 personas fueron seleccionados de 20198 estudios de meta- análisis. Coledocolitiasis había sido diagnosticada en su mayoría (63,8%) de los pacientes, que tenían entre un promedio de 63,15 años. En los pacientes tratados con la técnica de canulación guiada, proporcionado una instancia significativamente menor de pancreatitis (RD=0,03; IC del 95%: 0,01-0,05; I2=45%) y una mayor canalización de éxito primario (RD=0,07; IC del 95%: 0,03-0.12; I2=12%) que la canulación por contraste. Conclusiones: La técnica canulación con alambre guía, en comparación a la técnica de contraste convencional, reduce el riesgo de pancreatitis y aumenta la tasa de canulación con éxito primario. Por lo tanto, canulación con alambre guía parece ser la técnica de canulación de primera línea y la más adecuada

Percutaneous endoscopic versus surgical gastrostomy in patients with benign and malignant diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

To compare the complications and mortality related to gastrostomy procedures performed using surgical and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy techniques, this review covered seven studies. Five of these were retrospective and two were randomized prospective studies. In total, 406 patients were involved, 232 of whom had undergone percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and 174 of whom had undergone surgical gastrostomy. The analysis was performed using Review Manager. Risk differences were computed using a fixed-effects model and forest and funnel plots. Data on risk differences and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using the Mantel-Haenszel test. There was no difference in major complications in retrospective (95% CI (-0.11 to 0.10)) or randomized (95% CI (-0.07 to 0.05)) studies. Regarding minor complications, no difference was found in retrospective studies (95% CI (-00.17 to 0.09)), whereas a difference was observed in randomized studies (95% CI (-0.25 to -0.02)). Separate analyses of retrospective and randomized studies revealed no differences between the methods in relation to mortality and major complications. Moreover, low levels of minor complications were observed among endoscopic procedures in randomized studies, with no difference observed compared with retrospective studies.

Endoscopic versus surgical treatment of ampullary adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The aim of this study is to address the outcomes of endoscopic resection compared with surgery in the treatment of ampullary adenomas. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. For this purpose, the Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were scanned. Studies included patients with ampullary adenomas and data considering endoscopic treatment compared with surgery. The entire analysis was based on a fixed-effects model. Five retrospective cohort studies were selected (466 patients). All five studies (466 patients) had complete primary resection data available and showed a difference that favored surgical treatment (risk difference [RD] = -0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.44 to -0.04). Primary success data were identified in all five studies as well. Analysis showed that the surgical approach outperformed endoscopic treatment for this outcome (RD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.50 to -0.24). Recurrence data were found in all studies (466 patients), with a benefit indicated for surgical treatment (RD = 0.10, 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.19). Three studies (252 patients) presented complication data, but analysis showed no difference between the approaches for this parameter (RD = -0.15, 95% CI = -0.53 to 0.23). Considering complete primary resection, primary success and recurrence outcomes, the surgical approach achieves significantly better results. Regarding complication data, this systematic review concludes that rates are not significantly different.

GIST e adenocarcinoma gástrico sincrônicos: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Synchronous gastric GIST and adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review

INTRODUÇÃO: Tumores estromais gastrointestinais (GISTs) são neoplasias mesenquimais incomuns que afetam o trato gastrointestinal. Existem poucos relatos na literatura da ocorrência sincrônica de tumores mesenquimais e outros tumores primários gastrointestinais. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 61 anos do sexo feminino que procurou o serviço com queixa de dor abdominal iniciada há 2 anos. No exame físico palpava-se uma massa de 10 cm no abdome superior. A tomografia evidenciou massa em contato com a grande curvatura gástrica sem linfonodomegalias. Na endoscopia foi identificada apenas na pequena curvatura lesão na mucosa com 2 cm cuja biópsia demonstrou tratar-se de adenocarcinoma. Foi realizado ultra-som endoscópico que demonstrou que a lesão na pequena curvatura estava restrita à camada muscular e também visualizou-se lesão na grande curvatura originária da 4º camada ultra-sonográfica gástrica (muscular). Com esse diagnóstico e estadiamento a paciente foi submetida à gastrectomia total com linfadenectomia D2 e anastomose esôfago-jejunal em Y-de-Roux. O exame anatomopatológico demonstrou que a lesão na pequena curvatura correspondia a um adenocarcinoma microtubular restrito a camada muscular e a lesão na grande curvatura um GIST de alto grau. O estadiamento TNM final foi T2N1M0. A paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências recebendo alta no 11º pós-operatório CONCLUSÃO: A ocorrência sincrônica de GISTs e outros tumores gastrointestinais têm ocorrido com mais freqüência do que antes se considerava. Embora este fato pareça ser apenas uma coincidência sua ocorrência pode envolver agentes carcinogênicos comuns.

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm affecting the GI tract. The synchronous occurrence of mesenchymal tumors and other primary gastrointestinal malignancies have been rarely reported in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 61 year-old female patient came to our department complaining of diffuse abdominal pain, which had begun 2 years ago. At physical examination a mass with approximately 10 cm, located in the upper abdomen, was palpable. A CT scan demonstrated a mass in contact with the greater gastric curvature without lymphnodal enlargement. At endoscopy, no lesions were seen in the greater curvature, but a 2,0 cm mucosal lesion was visualized in the upper portion of the lesser curvature. The biopsy of the lesion in the lesser curvature was positive for adenocarcinoma. An endoscopic ultrasound was performed and demonstrated that the lesion in the lesser curvature was restricted to the gastric muscular layer and the mass in the greater curvature was originated from the gastric fourth ultrasonographic layer (muscular). The patient was submitted to a total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy and a Y of Roux esophago-jejunal anastomosis. The pathological exam demonstrated that the lesion in the lesser curvature was a microtubular adenocarcinoma restricted to the muscular layer. The lesion in the greater curvature was a high grade GIST. The final TNM stage was T2N1M0. The patient recovery was uneventful being discharged from the hospital after 11 days. CONCLUSION: The synchronous occurrence of GISTs and other gastrointestinal malignanies is more common than has been considered. Although the synchronous occurrence of GIST and other abdominal malignancies seems to be just a coincidence, the development of these tumors may involve common carcinogenic agents.