RÉSUMÉ
Objective@#To investigate the effects of ambient air pollution on the school age children s diseases, symptoms and school absence, and to provide a reference for preventing the harmful effect of air pollution on students.@*Methods@#Health questionnaires surveys were conducted among 792 students of the fourth grade in a primary school in Hangzhou, and the incidence of diseases and symptoms were continuously monitored every day during the winter of 2014-2017. The generalized additive model based on Poisson regression was used to analyze the health effects caused by single pollution. The multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the comprehensive effects of family, living environment and air pollution on student health.@*Results@#Totally 415 students(52.4%) had a history of diseases and 265 students(33.5%) had a history of allergy. During the investigation, the average concentrations of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , SO 2 and NO 2 were (81.0±2.8) (122.2±3.9) (17.9±0.6) and (68.9±1.4)μg/m 3. Strongest associations were found for lag 3 day of exposure among PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 on illness and absence. Increases of 10 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 , PM 10 and NO 2 were associated with 1.02(95% CI =1.01-1.02), 1.04(95% CI =1.03-1.06) and 1.03(95% CI =1.02- 1.04 ) increases in daily illness rates. SO 2 lag for 5 days had the most significant effect on students health. Father s education was the protective factor for illness ( OR =0.83) and symptoms( OR =0.84 ). The risk factors for symptoms included furniture replacement within one year( OR =1.78), pet feeding( OR =1.94), respiratory infections within one year( OR =1.82), allergies rhinitis( OR =2.24), family history with coronary heart disease/hypertension( OR =1.46), indoor activity time ( OR =1.02) and atmospheric PM 10 concentration( OR =1.09)( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The increase of air pollution concentration has an impact on the illness, symptoms and absence from school, and there is a lag effect. Father s education is a protective factor for the health of students. Indoor pollution and outdoor air pollution can lead to the occurrence of illness and symptoms.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective@#To evaluate the impact of fine particulate matter ( PM2.5 ) on respiratory diseases and symptoms of community residents in Chun’an County, so as to provide the basis for air pollution treatment strategies. @*Methods@#Using the cluster random sampling method, the permanent residents in Qiandaohu Town of Chun’an County were investigated from 2017 to 2018. The demographic information, respiratory diseases and symptoms were collected by using Surveillance Plan for the Impact of Air Pollution ( Haze ) on health ( 2016 Edition ). The air pollutants and meteorological data were collected through Qiandaohu station of Hangzhou Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center and Hangzhou Meteorological Information Center. The effects of PM2.5 on respiratory diseases and symptoms of residents were analyzed with generalized estimating equation. @*Results@#Totally 1 181 people aged 6 months to 95 years were recruited, including 557 ( 47.16% ) males and 624 ( 52.84% ) females. Acute nasopharyngitis (common cold) and tracheitis/tonsillitis occurred most frequently, with 203 cases, accounting for 3.44%. The median of daily average concentration of PM2.5 was 24 μg/m3, with the standard exceeding rate of 2.80%. The results showed that PM2.5 increased the risk of acute nasopharyngitis ( common cold ), tracheitis/tonsillitis, cough, expectoration, runny nose, sore throat and nasal congestion ( lag 3 days, OR: 1.015-1.022, 95%CI: 1.001-1.037 ); the effect of PM2.5+PM10 ( OR: 1.020-1.040, 95%CI: 1.006-1.070 ) and PM2.5+O3 ( OR: 1.017-1.024, 95%CI: 1.005-1.035 ) was greater than that of PM2.5 alone on respiratory diseases and symptoms.@*Conclusion@#Atmospheric PM2.5 exposure in Chun’an County increases the risk of respiratory diseases and symptoms among community residents.
RÉSUMÉ
Objective@#To explore the effect of air pollutants on salivary lysozyme of pupils in Hangzhou,and to provide a reference for effectively improving health index of primary school students.@*Methods@#A total of 248 healthy pupils from one primary school in Xiacheng district, Xihu district and Chun’an county of Hangzhou were selected with cluster random sampling methods during October 2015 to March 2016. Meteorological and air quality data near the three schools during the same period were collected. Mixed linear model was used to analyze the influence of air pollutants on salivary lysozyme of pupils.@*Results@#There was significant difference in the content of salivary enzymes between Xihu District and Xiacheng District (t=-4.49, 2.75, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in salivary lysozyme among pupils of different sex and age. Mixed linear model suggested that for 1 μg/m3 increase of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 and CO, salivary lysozyme increased by 1.75, 0.82, 6.12, 1.05 and 70.73 μg/L,respectively. Salivary lysozyme increased by 8.17 μg/L for 1 μg/m3 increase of SO2 the day before the test.@*Conclusion@#The level of salivary lysozyme in pupils is positively correlated with the concentration of air pollutants with a lagging effect.