Influences of high-fat diet during pregnancy on sterol regulatory pathway and hepatic lipid deposition in male rat offspring / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To analyze the influences of maternal high-fat diet on male rat offspring's blood lipid level and hepatic lipid deposition as well as on the expression of two key factors,sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and SREBP cleavage acting protein (SCAP),involved in hepatic cholesterol regulatory cascade during childhood and adulthood.Methods Pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:high fat diet (HF) group and normal intake control (NC) group (both n=20).Rats in the HF group were fed with high-fat diet till delivery before changing to a normal-fat diet,while the NC group was given the normal-fat diet all through the study.Male offspring born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) in different feeding groups were randomly selected as experimental subjects.Physical development,serum lipid levels and hepatic lipid deposition at the age of 7 and 24 weeks were compared between offspring of the two groups.Expression of SCAP and SREBP-1 at protein level was detected with immunohistochemistry.T test or Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis.Results The average birth weight of HF group was higher than that of NC group [(6.95± 0.25) vs (6.79 ±0.78) g,t=2.088,P=0.038].Large for gestational age (LGA),AGA and small for gestational age (SGA) offspring accounted for 18.6％ (21/113),77.9％ (88/113)and 3.5％ (4/113) in HF group and 7.6％ (10/132),87.9％ (116/132) and 4.5％ (6/132) in NC group (x2=13.500,P=0.001).At the age of 7 weeks,the offspring's body weight in HF group was higher than that in NC group [(68.78±7.55) vs (66.61 ±3.92) g,t=2.303,P=0.023].At the age of 24 weeks,the body weight,body length and abdominal circumference of adult offspring in HF group were significantly higher than those in NC group [(251.74±24.04) vs (216.24±33.42) g,(22.60±0.79) vs (21.59± 1.34) cm,(17.93±0.59) vs (16.83±0.88) cm;t=2.220,2.379,2.927,all P＜0.05].At the age of 7 weeks,offspring's serum total cholesterol (TC) level in HF group was higher than that in NC group [(1.94±0.62) vs (1.23 +0.77) mmol/L,t=2.379,P＜0.05].At the age of 24 weeks,adult offspring's liver index,serum TC,triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels were all higher in HF group than in NC group,while the high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level was lower in HF group [(2.75±0.31)％ vs (2.46±0.39)％,(1.98±0.14) vs (1.45±0.27) mmol/L,(2.96±0.21) vs (2.71 ±0.29) mmol/L,(0.97±0.32) vs (0.71 ±0.21) mmol/L,(0.81 ±0.13) vs (0.52±0.17) mmol/L,(1.74±0.20) vs (1.59±0.29) mmol/L;t=2.264,2.333,2.359,2.088,5.336,1.994,all P＜0.05].Comparative analysis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity scores (NAS) between the two groups showed that the liver lobular inflammation in HF group's offspring was more severe at both 7 and 24 weeks of age (2.29±0.49 vs 1.92±0.45,2.83±0.47 vs 2.22±0.55;t=2.157,3.251,all P＜0.05).At the age of 24 weeks,adult offspring in HF group also showed higher liver steatosis scores (2.81 ± 0.35 vs 2.25 ± 0.30,t=4.609,P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical detection showed that there was no significant difference in SCAP protein expressions in liver tissues of 7-week-old offspring between the two groups (P＞0.05),but higher expression of SREBP-1 protein was observed in HF group than in NC group [(34.16±5.08)％ vs (18.09±3.99)％,t=9.697,P＜0.05].At the age of 24 weeks,the expression levels of both SCAP and SREBP-1 proteins in liver tissues were higher in HF group than in NC group [(31.22±6.01)％ vs (17.98+7.89)％,(61.33± 16.25)％ vs (29.76± 11.21)％;t=2.303,2.274,both P＜0.05].Conclusions High-fat intake during pregnancy can increase offspring's birth weight and the risk for LGA offspring.Maternal high-fat diet even up-regulates the expression of SCAP and SREBP-1 in male offspring born AGA in childhood and this impact become more obvious when reaching adulthood,resulting in excessive increase of body weight,body length and abdominal circumference and elevated serum lipid level and liver lipid deposition.

Correlation between Weight Gain during Late Pregnancy and Glycated Albumin,Visfatin Level and Neonatal Body Composition in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients / 实用妇产科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the association between weight gain in late gestation and glycated albumin (GA),visfatin level and neonatal body composition in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients who are non-obese.Methods:200 pregnant women were enrolled.The preconception body mass index(BMI) of all the research object was less than 25 kg/m2.According to the speed of body mass growth from 28th week of gestation to delivery,the subjects were divided into two groups:excessive weight gain group (n =77) and appropriate weight gain group(n=123).Variance of serum GA,visfatin levels and neonatal birth weight(BW),the percent of body fat in newborn(F％) between two groups were compared,and the relationship between weight gain in late pregnant GDM patients and above values was analyzed.Results:①Serum GA,HbA1 c,visfatin and total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein,very low density lipoprotein levels in excessive weight gain group were higher than those in appropriate weight gain group(P ＜ 0.05).②Mean gestational age,newborn Apgar score immediately,the ratio of baby boys and vaginal delivery rate in two group had no significant difference(P＞0.05).Compared with the appropriate weight gain group,the excessive weight gain group had higher average birth weight and lower blood glucose levels.The proportion of large for gestational ages(LGA) was increased in appropriate weight gain group,and the ratio of abdomen circumference (AC) and head circumference (HC) and the percent of body fat in newborn(F％) were significantly increased in this group(P ＜0.01).③The speed of body mass growth in late pregnancy in GDM patients was positively related with serum GA,visfatin,HbA1c levels and newborn birth weight and the percent of body fat in newborn(r=0.524,0.470,0.456,0.329,0.473,P＜0.001).Conclusions:The monitoring of the serum GA and visfatin levels may have certain clinical value to evaluate the weight gain in late pregnancy of GDM patients.The rapid body mass growth in those patients may accelerate the visceral fat accumulation and worsen existing glucolipid metabolic disorders,and is also closely related to the increase of neonatal BW and F％.

Progress of tolvaptan in treatment of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease / 中国生化药物杂志

Databases of PubMed,CNKI,ScienceDirect and Wanfang were searched,and the literatures were selected from 1990 to 2014,to review the studies of tolvaptan on autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD).ADPKD is a chronic progressive disease which significantly enhance the economy burden and death rate.No specific drug can be used to treat or prevent the progress of ADPKD.Tolvaptan applicated in early phase could prolong the progress of ADPKD,but with frequent and serious adverse events.

Clinical and neuroimaging features of hypoglycemia encephalopathy in the elderly / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and neuroimaging features of hypoglycemia encephalopathy in the elderly. Methods The history and clinical features of 36 patients who had undergone brain CT and MRI were analyzed retrospectively. Results Twenty-seven patients had infections and fevers as a trigger, presenting all kinds of symptoms. Eleven cases were found to have abnormal signals in bilateral caudate nucleus and lenticular nucleus in MRL But CT examination showed no new lesions in corresponding position. Hypoglycemia encephalopathy were commanly found in the elderly who had diabetes mellitus and treated with drugs. After being followed up for 6 months, their neuroimaging did not change. Conclusions Because the patients often present unconsciousness and weakness with a sudden onset, hypoglycemia is easily mistaken for other disorders, especially in the elderly. For those with consciousness, we should pay more attations to hypoglycemia. Brain CT has no value of diagnosing hypoglycemia encephalopathy, while MRI plays an impotant role in diagnosing the disease. The characteristic MRI features predicts a bad prognosis.

The value of gradient echo T2*-weighted imaging for detection of familial cerebral cavernous malformation / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the value of gradient echo T2'* -weighted imaging for detection of familial cerebral cavernous malformation (FCCM). Methods Twenty-six members in 2 families of FCCM were examined at 3.0 T by using CT, conventional MRI and GRE T2'*2'-WI sequences to detect numbers of FCCM. Results Twelve cases of FCCM were found by GRE T2'*-WI sequences. These patients all had multiple lesions(average of 23). The lesions were mainly located in ganglia area, followed by cortico-subcortical, thalamus, cerebellar and brain stem. These lesions appeared as special reticulated core of mixed signal intensity with a surrounding rim of decreased signal intensity representing bemosiderin from previous hemorrhages. The numbers of lesions (average of 5-17) and cases of FCCM (average of 3-9) examined by the conventional MRI were decreasing in the order of SE, DWI, T2FLAIR, T1WI and T2WI, each less than GRE T2'*-WI. CT only identified 3 cases with big lesions combined with hemorrhage and calcification.Conclusions GRE T2'*-WI could be a better choice of MRI sequence in diagnosing FCCM compared with CT and conventional MRI.

Meningeal malignant melanosis:3 cases report with clinicopathological and neuroimaging / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate clinicopathological and neuroimaging features of meninheal malignant melanosis.Methods The cytologic study of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and neuroimaging examination and meningeal histochemistry were performed in 3 cases of meningeal malignant melanosis. Results Three patients were found to have initial onsets of headache.followed by meningeal irritation.One case had huge malignant melanoma on skin.The second patient had diabrotic malignant melanoma on her face,which did not healed for a long time.The third patient had no malignant melanoma on skin and viscera.The MRI enhanced scanning of all 3 cases showed abnormal enhancement of meninge.There were a large number of abnormal shape cells in CSF.The meninxes were blackbrown or brown.The tumor cells were in various shapes with big and round irregular nucleus and rich cytoplasm.There were a great quantitv of melanosomes.The tumor cells were disarranged. Immunohistochemistry analyses found S-100 protein and Vim and HMB-45 were positive reaction. Conclusions The patients with meningeal malignant melanosis have an initial onset of headache,followed by meningeal irritation,and MRI enhanced scanning plays a valueble role in the diagnosis.A lage number of tumor cells in abnormal shape have been found in CSF.Thetumour cells of meninx presents different shapes with big and round or irregular nucleus.There are a great quantity of mellanosomes,and the tumour cells are arranged in a state of chaos.

Clinical and neuroimaging futures of chorea due to nonketotic hyperglycemia:7 cases report / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical and neuroimaging futures of chorea due to nonketotic hyperglycemia.Methods Seven cases of chorea due to nonketotic hyperglycemia were clinically examined and underwent brain CT and MRI as well.Results Investigations revealed uncontrolled diabetes with absent ketones of 7 cases.They all presented with sudden onset hemiachorea or bilateral chorea or generalized chorea.The CT scan of brain could find abnormal lesions in our cases.Hyperintense lesions in the basal ganglia,on T1 WI of MRI were demonstrated in our study.Pure drugs was unable to control chorea.The symptoms of chorea and neuroimaging lesions were normal after the hyperglycemia being controlled.Conclusions Chorea caused by nonketotic hyperglycemia is mainly found in aged people with diabetes mellitus in a mechanism of causing striatal neuronal dysfunction,presenting charicristic CT scan or MRI of brain.Chorea should be considered potentially reversible when associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia,for rapid detection and early correction of hyperglycemia could lead to complete recovery of these involuntary movements.

Determination of Bismuth Subcarbonate in Weishu Powder / 中成药

Objective: To establish the detemination method of bismuth subcarbonate in Weishu Powder. Methods: The samples were ignited, then bismuth subcarbonate in residue was determined by compleximetry. Results: The average recovery was 99.36?0.14%(n=9). Conclusion: This method can be used in quality control of Weishu Powder preparation.