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The incidence rate of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is increasing year by year with unknown mechanisms, and the treatment methods for DILI mainly include drugs, liver support systems, and liver transplantation, all of which have certain limitations. Therefore, the search for safer and more effective treatment methods has become a research hotspot at present. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes can alleviate liver injury by reducing liver inflammation, promoting hepatocyte proliferation and regeneration, inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocytes, improving oxidative stress, and regulating immunity. This article briefly reviews the role of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in the treatment of DILI, so as to provide a reference for further research.
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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a type of chronic hepatitis caused by the attack of hepatocytes by the autoimmune system, and with the prolongation of disease course, it may gradually progress to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Although great achievements have been made in the understanding and treatment of AIH, its etiology and pathogenesis still remain unclear. T cells play a crucial role in the development and progression of AIH, and by focusing on follicular helper T cells, this article elaborates on the research advances in follicular helper T cells in AIH, in order to provide new ideas and strategies for the clinical treatment of AIH.
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Objective To investigate the expression of Sema4D in peripheral blood T cells and serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis and its correlation with clinical indicators. Methods A total of 20 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 68 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and 20 healthy controls who attended The 940 th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army from October 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled. According to Child-Pugh class, the patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were divided into Child-Pugh class A group with 24 patients, Child-Pugh class B group with 24 patients, and Child-Pugh class C group with 20 patients. After peripheral blood samples were collected to isolate serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), flow cytometry was used to measure the expression of membrane-bound Sema4D (mSema4D) + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells in PBMCs, and ELISA was used to measure the expression of soluble Sema4D (sSema4D) in serum; their correlation with viral replication and liver inflammation markers was analyzed. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the least significant difference t -test was used for further comparison between two groups; the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between multiple groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups; a Spearman correlation analysis was also performed. Results There were significant differences in the expression of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells between the CHB group, the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, and the control group ( F =43.092 and 13.344, both P < 0.001), while there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The expression levels of mSema4D + CD4 + T cells and mSema4D + CD8 + T cells gradually decreased with increasing Child-Pugh class ( F =14.093 and 17.154, both P < 0.05), and there were significant differences between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 1.54(1.42-1.71) ng/mL in the control group, 1.08(1.07-1.38) ng/mL in the CHB group, and 4.87(2.13-14.97) ng/mL in the hepatitis B cirrhosis group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =32.366, P < 0.001) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). The content of sSema4D was 2.42(0.59-5.65) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class A group, 4.92(2.75-12.73) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class B group, and 14.18(4.59-18.43) ng/mL in the Child-Pugh class C group, with a significant difference between the three groups ( H =11.889, P =0.003) and between any two groups ( P < 0.05). In patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, the level of sSema4D was positively correlated with the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and HBV DNA quantification ( r =0.294 and 0.430, both P < 0.05). Conclusion Sema4D is lowly expressed on T cell membrane and highly expressed in serum of patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis, and sSema4D may be involved in the development and progression of hepatitis B cirrhosis by affecting the levels of ALT and HBV DNA.
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Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a type of chronic hepatitis caused by the autoimmune system attacking hepatocytes, and its chronic progression may lead to liver cirrhosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, pharmacotherapy and liver transplantation are the main treatment methods for AIH, but both methods have their own limitations, which limits the clinical benefits of patients. Therefore, it is a critical issue to search for new therapeutic agents and methods. Recent studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and their exosomes can improve the symptoms of patients with AIH by suppressing inflammatory response, enhancing the regeneration of hepatocytes, and regulating the immune system and thus have wide application prospects in the treatment of AIH. By summarizing related articles, this article reviews the possible mechanisms and application of MSC and their exosomes in the treatment of AIH, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of AIH.
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of acteoside (ACT) in inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human hepatoma HCCLM3 cells by regulating the ERK1/2 pathway. Methods CCK-8 assay was used to detect the effect of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. The invasion and migration of HCC cells were detected by scratch and Transwell tests. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and EMT-related genes (E-cadherin and N-cadherin) were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot analyses. Results ACT reduced the activity of HCCLM3 cells and inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells, and the effects had certain correlation with drug concentration and time. ACT inhibited the migration and invasion process of HCCLM3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. ACT downregulated the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. It increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of the EMT-related gene E-cadherin but decreased those of N-cadherin. Conclusion ACT could inhibit EMT and the invasion and migration of HCCLM3 cells in human hepatoma, and the underlying mechanism is closely related to the downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of Macrophage migration-inhibitory factors (MIF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its interaction with ERK1/2 signaling pathway, so as to establish a theoretical basis for further studying the molecular mechanism of MIF promoting HCC.Methods:From February 2020 to August 2021, 52 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues based on hepatitis B cirrhosis (HBV-LC) and 52 cases of adjacent tissues in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital and 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of PLA were collected as the experimental group, including 39 males and 13 females, aged 35-65 years. And 20 cases of normal liver tissue were selected as the control group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 proteins in liver tissues of the two groups, and in situ hybridization was used to detect the expression of ERK1/2 nucleic acid in liver tissues of the two groups.HepG2 HCC cells and L-02 normal hepatocytes were co-cultured with different concentrations of rMIF, the expression and phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and JNK1 proteins in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by Western-blot, and the expression levels of ERK1/2 nucleic acids in the two kinds of liver cells were detected by RT-PCR. One-way ANOVA was used for measurement data and χ 2 test was used for counting data. Results:The expressions of MIF, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA were significantly increased in HCC and para-cancer tissues (the expression of MIF in HCC group was 78.8%, and that in adjacent group was 75.0%; ERK1/2 80.8% in HCC group and ERK1/2 71.8% in paracancerous group. The expression of p-ERK1/2 75.0 % in HCC group and 46.2% in paracancerous group were respectively detected. ERK1/2 mRNA was expressed in HCC group 76.9%, ERK1/2 mRNA expression in paracancerous group 78.8%), and the differences were statistically significant compared with normal liver tissues ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between HCC and para-cancer tissues ( P>0.05). The expressions of ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and ERK1/2 mRNA in HepG2 HCC cells were significantly increased with the increase of rMIF concentration, and the increase was most obvious when rMIF concentration was 200 ng/ml, and the difference was statistically significant compared with L-02 normal hepatocytes ( P<0.05). Conclusion:MIF, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 are highly expressed in HCC tissues and HepG2 HCC cells, suggesting that MIF promotes the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma through ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To analyze potential roles of mechanical stress in the formation of plantar melanoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 129 cases of plantar melanoma in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University between 2014 and 2021, and the distribution and clinical characteristics of plantar melanoma were analyzed. The goodness-of-fit test was used to compare the distribution of plantar melanoma between weight-bearing areas (the toes, forefoot, lateral midfoot, heel) and non-weight-bearing areas of the foot (the arch) , while t test, Fisher′s exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze differences in clinicopathological characteristics of plantar melanoma between weight-bearing areas and non-weight-bearing areas of the foot. Results:Among the 129 patients with plantar melanoma, 66 (51.2%) were males and 63 (48.8%) were females, and their age at onset was 60.6 ± 13.1 years. Plantar melanoma mostly occurred on the heel (65 lesions, 1.31 lesions per square centimeter) , followed by the forefoot (31 lesions, 0.41 lesions per square centimeter) , the bottom of the toes (15 lesions, 0.43 lesions per square centimeter) , lateral midfoot (11 lesions, 0.38 lesions per square centimeter) and the arch of foot (7 lesions, 0.16 lesions per square centimeter) . The goodness-of-fit test showed that melanoma was more prone to occur in the weight-bearing areas than in the non-weight-bearing areas ( χ2 = 66.59, P < 0.001) ; compared with the arch of foot, a higher incidence density was observed in the heel and forefoot ( χ2 = 38.29, 5.23, P < 0.001, = 0.022, respectively) . There were no significant differences in the gender ratio, age and occupation of patients, prevalence rates of left/right foot involvement, Breslow thickness, ulceration status, Clark grades, lymph node metastasis rate, and stages between melanomas in the weight-bearing areas and those in non-weight-bearing areas (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:Plantar melanoma was more prone to occur in the weight-bearing areas than in the non-weight-bearing areas, suggesting that mechanical stress may be related to the occurrence and development of melanoma.
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Post competency-based medical education complies to the development and philosophy of modern medicine. This paper completely illustrates how to construct a scientific and diversified assessment evaluation system guided by post competency for medical students which combines formative assessment and summative assessment. Through the objective measurement and timely feedback of various abilities of medical students, the closed-loop feedback system of assessment and evaluation can be constructed to guide the exploration and practice of teaching process in reverse.
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Guided by the development of new medical science proposed by Ministry of Education and the "Education and Training Plan for Excellent Doctors 2.0", shifted from treatment-oriented to whole life-health cycle, we have explored curriculum ideological and political education in metabolic-related curriculum chain. Firstly, we constructed a core teaching team and had the training of curriculum ideological and political education. The top-level design was made with the integration of moral education into medical education. Secondly, the syllabus was comprehensively revised, containing the connotation of "morality education". The elements relevant to curriculum ideological and political education hidden behind professional courses were excavated. Finally, the mixed teaching mode of online combining with offline was carried out. Metabolism-related curriculum chain, focused on "metabolism, diabetes, obesity and patient education", formed a progressive link from basic medical science to practice to clinical, strengthening the "prevention, treatment and health care" based "one health" philosophy and giving full play to the implicit curriculum ideological and political education hidden behind professional courses. Our practice shows that the implementation of curriculum ideological and political education in metabolism-related curriculum has been accepted by students, and curriculum ideological and political education has been become part of professional courses. The "gene chimera" mode for curriculum ideological and political education incorporation into professional courses needs to be infiltrated imperceptibly, and the effect will be visualized in the future.
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Objective: To research the effect of matrine on the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells through extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Methods: HepG2 cell was selected and divided into blank control group, experimental group (matrine 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL), and positive control group (PD98059, ERK1/2 inhibitor). MTT measure was used to detect the effective time and concentration which matrine inhibits HepG2 cells. After 24 h, the effect of effective concentration of matrine on the of morphological changing HepG2 cells was observed. The invasion ability was assayed by transwell method, the expression of ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 were detected through Western blot, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to test the expression level of ERK1/2 mRNA. Results: With the increase of matrine concentration, the number of adherent HepG2 cells gradually decreased, the morphologic changes gradually became spherical, some cell morphology was incomplete, and even cell fragments appeared. The proliferation and invasion ability of HepG2 cells decreased. The expression of ERK1/2, pERK1/2, and ERK1/2 mRNA downregulated with the increase of matrine concentration (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Matrine inhibits the proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells by downregulating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Nail diseases have similar clinical manifestations with a variety of causes. Dermoscopy, a non-invasive examination tool, can be used to rapidly and comprehensively evaluate changes of diseased nails at the early stage by observing nail cuticles, nail folds, nail plates, etc. It can be applied for diagnosis and treatment of nail diseases or evaluation of surgical performance. To improve clinicians′ understanding of nail diseases, the authors summarize dermoscopic manifestations of common nail diseases based on dermoscopic manifestations of definitely diagnosed nail diseases in Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from June 2017 to February 2019.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of Fite staining in leprosy histopathology.Methods Between 2013 and 2017,13 patients diagnosed with leprosy or suspected leprosy (high suspicion of leprosy based on clinical manifestations and hematoxylin-eosin staining,but negative acid-fast staining) in our department,were enrolled into this study.The histopathological sections were subjected to Fite staining,and the results were compared with those of acid-fast staining,so as to assess the value of Fite staining in the diagnosis of leprosy.Results Six patients with positive acid-fast staining still showed positive Fite staining.Among 7 patients with suspected leprosy and negative acid-fast staining,6 patients showed positive Fite staining with varying numbers of Mycobacterium leprae,and 1 showed negative Fite staining.Conclusion Fite staining can increase the detection rate of Mycobacterium leprae.
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Objective To evaluate the impact of three to four cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on the survival of patients with N2-N3 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods The clinical data of 915 patients with T1-4N2-3M0 NPC from 2007 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.A total of 179 patients treated with 3-4 cycles of NACT (NACT≥3 group) were matched with 358 patients treated with 2 cycles of NACT (NACT=2 group) and 179 patients treated without NACT (NACT =0 group,concurrent chemoradiotherapy group) for age,N stage,pathological subtype,and NACT regimen.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate overall survival (OS),disease-free survival (DFS),recurrence-free survival (RFS),and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates,the log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis,and the Cox proportional hazards model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis.Results For the NACT≥ 3,NACT =2,and NACT =0 groups,the 5-year OS rates were 89.4%,81.6%,and 73.7%,respectively (P=O.000),the 5-year DFS rates were 83.2%,69.8%,and 64.2%,respectively (P=O.000),the 5-year RFS rates were 86.0%,76.0%,and 69.3%,respectively (P=0.001),and the 5-year DMFS rates were 86.6%,76.0%,and 68.3%,respectively (P=0.000).Three to four cycles of NACT was an independent protective factor for OS,DFS,RFS,and DMFS in patients with N2-N3 NPC.Conclusion Three to four cycles of NACT can significantly improve the survival of patients with N2-N3 NPC.
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Objectives To investigate the effects of seasonal changes on peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis (PDAP) in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD),and to provide evidence for clinical prevention and treatment of PDAP.Methods All episodes of PD-related peritonitis during clinic follow-up in maintenance PD patients from Jan 1st,2007 to Dec 31st,2015 in Peking University People's Hospital were reviewed.The incidence of peritonitis,laboratory indexes,pathogens and clinical outcomes in different seasons were recorded and analyzed.One-way ANOVA and chi square test were employed to compare the incidence of PDAP and related data in different seasons,and Pearson correlation was used to analyze correlations between PDAP rate and monthly mean temperature and mean humidity.Results During nine years,a total of 119 PD patients occurred 190 times of peritonitis during home PD.The PDAP rate in summer was the highest,0.21 episodes/year,followed by spring (0.16 episodes/year) and autumn (0.16 episodes/risk year),but there was no significant difference among peritonitis rates in four seasons.There were significant positive correlation between monthly mean temperature,monthly mean humidity and the peritonitis rate (mean temperature:r=0.828,P < 0.01;mean humidity r=0.657,P < 0.05).(2) As for bacteria,in Summer the PDAP rate caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS),and Gram-negative bacteria was higher than that in other seasons,but there was no statistical difference.There were significant positive correlation between monthly mean temperature,mean humidity and the rate of CoNS peritonitis (mean temperature:r=0.704,P < 0.05;mean humidity:r=0.607,P < 0.05).(3) There were no statistical difference among results of PD related peritonitis in different seasons about general situation,clinical manifestation,causes of peritonitis and laboratory index before peritonitis episodes.PD procedure-related problems were the main cause of peritonitis in summer and autumn.(4) The cure rate of all peritonitis was 90%.The highest cure rate was in autumn and winter,while the lowest cure rate was in summer,but no statistical difference.Among the peritonitis episodes with treatment failure,52.6% occurred in summer.Conclusions There is some correlation between the rate of PDAP and seasons.Higher temperature and higher humidity were significantly correlated with higher peritonitis rate,especially the rate of CoNS peritonitis.The prognosis of PDAP in summer was relatively poor,with higher proportion of hospitalization and lower cure rate.
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TongJi University School of Medicine has performed teaching reforms in the early stage of medical students through curriculum integration of life science,the introduction of PBL,and designing of comprehensive experiments to achieve comprehensive professional competence of medical students.The results showed that the training system is beneficial to the cultivation of students' clinical thinking and early medical professional competence.It has been recognized by both students and faculty.Preliminary practice has proved to be successful.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical utility of short tandem repeats(STR) genotyping technique for diagnosis of partial hydatidiform moles (PHM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ten cases with the original diagnosis of PHM and six cases diagnosed as "favour PHM" or "abnormal villous, PHM not excluded" were selected for the study. The clinical information and follow-up data were reviewed. Histopathologic features were evaluated along with p57 immunohistochemistry. After DNA extraction from each sample, genotyping was performed by AmpFlSTR(®) Identifiler™ PCR kit to amplify 15 STR polymorphism loci plus the amelogenin gender-determining in a single robust PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The age of patients ranged from 18 to 49 years (mean=29 years, median=29 years). Two villous populations (7/16), irregular villous contour (13/16), at least moderate trophoblastic hyperplasia (2/16), cistern formation (8/16), syncytiotrophoblastic knuckles (14/16), trophoblastic pseudoinclusions (6/16) and nucleated fetal red blood cells (8/16) were presented in these cases. Of the cases in the study, STR genotyping identified 4 monospermic complete hydatidiform moles (MCM), 3 dispermic partial hydatidiform moles (DPM) and 9 hydropic abortions (HA). The misdiagnosis rate was 13/16 only relied on morphology evaluation. Immunostaining of p57 showed 3/4 of MCM were focally positive (<5%-20%+), 1/4 of MCM were diffusely positive (70%+), 3/3 of DPM were diffusely positive (≥50%+), 7/9 of HA were diffusely positive (≥50%+), and 2/9 of HA were focally positive (10%+).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Combination of histomorphologic evaluation and p57 immunostaining is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis of PHM. STR genotyping offers an accurate diagnosis of PHM.</p>
Sujets)
Adolescent , Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Grossesse , Jeune adulte , Avortement spontané , Inhibiteur p57 de kinase cycline-dépendante , Métabolisme , Génotype , Techniques de génotypage , Môle hydatiforme , Diagnostic , Génétique , Immunohistochimie , Répétitions microsatellites , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîne , Trophoblastes , Anatomopathologie , Tumeurs de l'utérus , Diagnostic , GénétiqueRésumé
Objective To observe insulin resistance (IR) in non-diabetic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients,and analyze its related factors.Methods The non-diabetic PD patients who had been on stable PD at least three months were eligible to enroll.The patients were measured for their height,weight,waist to hip ratio,fasting glucose,fasting insulin,lipids and other biochemical indicators,dialysis adequacy indicators in August 2012,and divided into two groups depended on median HOMA-IR in August 2012.Results A total of 56 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups according to median HOMA-IR,including high IR group (HOMA-IR≥ 1.79,n=29) and low IR group (HOMA-IR < 1.79,n=27).Compared to low IR group,high IR group were older [(57.9±14.2) years vs (48.7±14.5) years],had higher daily dialysate glucose load [(138.7±28.5) mmol/L vs (114.0± 21.5) mmol/L],higher waist-to-hip ratio [(0.91±0.08) vs (0.86±0.07)],higher BMI [(23.0±3.0) kg/m2 vs (21.2±3.1) kg/m2],higher triglycerides [(2.51±1.36) mmol/L vs (1.42±0.48) mmol/L],lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.00±0.27) mmol/L vs (1.23±0.32) mmol/L],and lower Kt/V [(1.74±0.37) vs (2.08±0.56)].Multivariate logistic regression showed that age (β=0.122,P=0.033),triglycerides (β=1.798,P=0.030) and daily dialysate glucose load (β=0.094,P=0.031) associated with the degree of insulin resistance.Conclusion More dialysate glucose exposure is a risk factor of the occurrence of insulin resistance in non-diabetic patients with peritoneal dialysis.
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Objective: To observe the clinical effects of acupoint injection therapy plus massage on primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Methods: Ninety patients with PD were randomly divided into a treatment group or a control group, 45 cases in each group. The treatment group was treated by injection of Vitamin K3into Sanyinjiao (SP 6) plus massage on Diji (SP 8). The control group was treated by oral administration of Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule. Before and after the treatment, visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to assess pain degree of the patients. The therapeutic effects were observed after continuous treatment of three cycles of menstruation. Results: After treatment, VAS scores were obviously decreased in both groups and the differences were statistically significant (allP Conclusion: Acupoint injection therapy plus massage for PD is effective and better than simple oral administration of Ibuprofen sustained-release capsule.
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Objective To derive a questionnaire to assess the risk of developing motor complications through a 3-year prospective investigation on 71 patients of Parkinson' s disease (PD) in the out clinic at our hospital.Methods Three years after the first assessment,71 PD out patients were reassessed using various scales,including Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale,Hoehn-Yahr grade,Mini Mental State Exam,Hamilton Depression Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale.Results The incidence of motor complications was 43.6% (31/71).Logistic regression analysis showed that the prognostic factors for motor fluctuation were age of onset ≤ 54 (OR =6.4,95% CI 1.7-24.5,P =0.006),the occurrence of swallowing difficulty (OR =3.8,95 % CI 1.0-14.1,P =0.04) and depression (OR =4.0,95 % CI 1.1-13.7,P =0.03),and the prognostic factors for dyskinesia were age of onset ≤54 (OR =48.5,95% CI 1.9-121.0,P:0.02),the occurrence of falling (OR =64.1,95% CI 2.9-142.2,P =0.008) and the daily levodopa dosage > 600 mg(OR =17.5,95% CI 1.1-276.2,P =0.04).Based on the regression model,the assessment questionnaire for motor complicationsincludes the followings:the questionnaire for motor fluctuations:the age of onset ≤54,2 points; the occurrence of swallowing difficulty,1 point; the occurrence of depression,1 point; the questionnaire for dyskinesia:the onset age ≤54,2 points; the occurrence of falling,3 points; daily levodopa dosage > 600 mg,2 points.In all patients in this study,21.7% (10/46) was asscssed to a total scorc of 0-1 which is associated with a low risk of motor fluctuation,8/16 had a score of 2 which is associated with intermediate risk and 8/9 got a score of 3-4 associated high risk; 10.2% (5/49) had a score of 0-2,a low risk of dyskinesia,4/13 had a score of 3-4,a intermediate risk and 7/9 got a score of 5-7 which is associated with a high risk.Conclusions Age onset ≤54,the occurrence of swallowing difficulty,falling and depression,daily levodopa dosage > 600 mg were considered to be the prognostic factors of motor complications in PD.The questionnaire may help to stratify PD patients into low-risk,medium-risk and high-risk groups for motor complications and the higher the score in the questionnaire is related to the higher risk of motor complications.
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Objective To discuss the initial expression of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and determine the potential value of PCT to predict the neurological outcome.Methods A retrospective analysis was made on patients admitted due to severe TBI (GCS≤8 points) from July 2011 to August 2012.Mortality and neurological outcome of the survivors were determined using Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months after TBI.Results A total of 52 patients (39 males and 13 females),at median age of 38 years (range,15-65 years) were included in the study.Twenty-eight patients had good outcome (GOS of grade Ⅳ-Ⅴ),whereas 24 patients had poor outcome or died (GOS of grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ).Within 24 hours after TBI,serum PCT level was significantly higher in patients with bad outcome compared to those with good outcome (0.778 ng/ml:0.094 ng/ml,P <0.01).Enhanced PCT level presented a close correlation with the poor outcome (r =0.657,P <0.01).Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was 0.879 [95% CI (0.757,1.000)].A cutoff value of 0.2 ng/ml had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 72.2%.Once the PCT level was superior to 4.7 ng/ml,none of the patients regained consciousness.Conclusion PCT is a simple and effective method for prediction of the outcome after severe TBI.