Résumé
Insect-borne diseases are serious life-threatening infectious diseases. Rapid and accurate etiological diagnosis are the premise of timely and effective clinical treatments, reducing mortality and sequelae. Laboratory diagnoses of insect-borne diseases mainly focus on targeted serological detection and polymerase chain reaction, which is difficult to detect rare insect borne pathogens. At present, the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) technology has moved from scientific research into clinical application. The detection of nucleic acid sequences of all organisms in infected samples by mNGS exhibited significant advantages in the diagnosis and traceability of rare pathogens. But at the same time, mNGS is also suffered with challenges such as background microbial interference, false results caused by database restrictions, pathogen resistance and host immune status information that are urgently needed for clinical treatments. This article systematically summarized applications of mNGS in the diagnosis of insect-borne pathogens and the challenges and difficulties it faces. With the continuous optimization of mNGS in the detection, it will bring new development and innovation to the etiology diagnosis of clinical infectious diseases.
Résumé
Based on the constructivism learning theory, we designed a new pharmaceutics of TCM experiment teaching course which focused on process of knowledge formation, including a self-designed experiments on the basis of primary experiment, a cooperative learning platform, and an formative evaluation system. The practice has showed that this new teaching method can arouse the participants' interest and initiative, help to enhance the teaching efficiency and performance.
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To investigate the chemical constituents in the stems of Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao, methanol extract of the stems was subjected to column chromatography with various chromatographic techniques. One new beta-naphthalenecarboxylic acid biglycoside, 1, 4-dihydroxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid methyl ester-4-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated, along with two known compounds: isotaxiresinol 4-O-methyl ether (2) and (R)-7-hydroxy-alpha-dunnione (3). Compound 2 was first obtained from Chirita genus and compound 3 was isolated from this plant for the first time. All structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence, and the NMR spectroscopic data of compound 2 was published for the first time.
Résumé
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of phenylethanoid glycosides plantainoside D and verbascoside in Chirita longgangensis var. hongyao.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The analysis was performed on a Agilent C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with CH3CN-1% HAc (16:84)as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1), and at a column temperature of 30 degrees C. The detection wave length was 332 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The linear ranges of calibration of plantainoside D and verbascoside were 3.125-100.00 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9998) and 25.00-500.0 mg x L(-1) (r = 0.9998). The average recoveries were 101.3% and 100.8% with RSD of 2.6% and 2.2% (n=9), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, accurate, reliable and can be used for the quality evaluation of C. longgangensis var. hongyao and its preparation.</p>