Hematological profile and risk factors associated with pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Quetta, Pakistan

Tuberculosis [TB] is a chronic debilitating infectious disease affecting more than one third of the global population. This study was designed to investigate different peripheral blood parameters and risk factors in TB patients. A total of 600 [Male, 238 and Female, 362] aging 20-80 Years patients with clinical signs of prolonged cough, chest pain and fever, were evaluated for peripheral blood parameters using hematology analyzer. All the informations related to the disease were collected from the patients and recorded using predesigned questionnaire. Erythrocytic Sedimentation Rate [ESR], Hemoglobin [Hb] and lymphocytes were markedly changed in both sexes. Hemoglobin was recorded lower than normal value in 55% and 53% of male and female population respectively. Total leukocyte count was also lower than normal values in 8% and 6% of male and female respectively. Similarly neutropenia was observed in 5% and 8% cases, while neutrophilia was recorded as 60% and 64% in male and female patients respectively. Lymphocytopenia was also observed in 59% and 43% patients in male and female respectively. Illiteracy, smoking habits, overcrowding and living in shared houses were the main associated risk factors contributing in the enhancement of the disease. The disease was present significantly more in females and was relatively higher in older patients. Different hematological parameters like Erythrocytic sedimentation Rate [ESR], platelets and leukocytes work as hallmark and help the clinicians in early diagnosis of the disease. Malnutrition, smoking tobacco, living in shared houses, illiteracy and poverty were the common risk factors contributing to the dissemination of the tuberculosis in the target area population

Typhoid fever in paediatric patients in Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

To determine the seropositivity of typhoid fever in febrile pediatric patients presenting to tertiary care center. This observational study was conducted at Children Hospital Quetta [CHQ] from July 2011 to March 2012. The children with three or more days fever, no obvious focus of infection and clinically suspected of typhoid fever were screened. Sterile Blood samples were obtained from febrile patients and Widal and Typhidot [Trade Mark] tests were performed for the diagnosis of Typhoid fever in the suspected populations. Total of 2964 clinically suspected patients were screened for typhoid fever. Of these, 550 [18.6%] patients were positive serologically. The higher prevalence of the disease in hot summer season and increasing pattern of the disease was observed in summer days. The disease was higher in school age children under 5-10 years. Although non-significant association was observed on sex basis. The findings highlight the considerable burden of typhoid fever in pre-school and school-aged children. The variation in the disease pattern has also been observed under seasonal variation and different age groups, all of which need to be considered in deliberations to control the typhoid fever

Across the ankle joint external fixator for soft tissue healing

To avoid POP cast complications and improve healing of soft tissue injuries. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. From April 2005 to April 2006. Thirty patients were selected for this mode of treatment. All patients were within the age of 20 to 30 years with no systemic illness. These patients were having open soft tissue injuries with or without bony injuries around the ankle joint and having no vascular injury at this level, which could have threatened the viability of the foot. Open soft tissue injuries around the ankle joint are difficult to stabilize with plaster splints or casts due to difficulty of wound dressings and associated complications like heel equinus deformity and heel sores. Postoperative cast is cumbersome for the patients and associated with lack of care after patient is discharged from hospital. External fixator across the ankle joint is one of the modalities for such injuries. In an intervention study, 12 patients having fresh severe open soft tissue injuries at ankle Joint were selected- External fixator was applied initially and soft tissue injuries were further managed subsequently with fixator in place. External fixator was removed after the tissue healing was complete. One pin tract infection and no equinus or heel sore was encountered. Patients were also satisfied with this mode of treatment. It is concluded that External Fixator across the ankle joint is a good option for soft tissue healing

Intracapsular fracture neck of femur

To evaluate these methods of treatment, in search of providing patients a better quality of life. This prospective study was carried out on fifty patients of displaced femoral neck fractures admitted in Orthopaedic Department, Nishtar Hospital, Multan during period November 1991 to December 1993. Fifty non-pathological displaced femoral neck fracture in patients above forty years were treated either with Austin Moore hemiarthroplasty or internal fixation with DHS, Cancellous screws or Moor's pins. Weight-bearing was allowed after two weeks in hemianhroplasty group and after 6 weeks in internal fixation group. After two -years follow up, there was no significant difference in mortality in two groups. Early [Technical] complications were more with internal fixation. [25% compared to 6.6% with Moore hemiarthroplasty]. Reoperation rate within the first year was significantly high for internal fixation i.e. 45% compared with 6.6%. It was concluded that endoprosthetic replacement in displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients is a reliable treatment method for selected indications, and gives good short to medium term functional results when employed with careful preoperative technique and proper postoperative care and rehabilitation

Pauwel's osteotomy and osteosynthesis in patients. with non-union of femoral neck fractures

To evaluate the results of Pauwel's ostetotomy and oseosynthesig in patients with non union of femoral neck fractures. This Study was conducted in the Orthopaedic Unit, Nishtar Hospital, Multan during the period of 1989-1998. A total of 30 patients were included in the study. Thirty cases of neglected fracture neck of femur treated in Nishtar Hospital Multan from 1989-1998. Five patients were treated first with traction where greater trochanter migrated a way up to bring it down to the proper level. Then osteotomy was done. In 25 cases Pauwels' osteotomy was primarily done and fixed with 120-degree osteotomy plate. This is a reliable method of dealing with non-union of the Fracture neck of the femur in young adults