Risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus death attributed to insufficient whole grain intake in seven regions of China, 2005-2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To estimate the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) death attributed to insufficient whole grain intake in seven regions of China from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Based on China National Nutrition and Health Surveys and China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance, ordinary Kriging method and locally weighted regression were used to estimate the level of whole grain intake of Chinese residents from 2005 to 2018. Based on the results of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 and Chronic Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance in China, we calculated the population attributable fraction (PAF), attributable death number and attributable mortality rate of T2DM due to insufficient whole grain intake in people aged ≥20 years in different regions of China, and we used the 2010 Chinese census data to compare the changes in T2DM deaths attributed to insufficient intake of whole grains in seven regions of China. Results: The whole grain intake levels of Chinese people over 20 years old in 2002, 2010 and 2015 were 19.0 g/d, 14.3 g/d and 19.8 g/d, respectively. The estimated overall whole grain intake level was 20.1 g/d in Chinese residents in 2018, and the intake level was 19.4 g/d in men and 20.8 g/d in women. Among the seven regions, the intake level was highest in northern China (47.4 g/d) and lowest in southwestern China (6.0 g/d). In 2018, the PAF was lowest in northern China (12.8%) and highest in southwestern China (19.3%). From 2005 to 2018, the PAF varied in the seven regions, and the PAF in northeastern China fluctuated around 18.5%. Other regions showed downward trends, especially in northern China and northwestern China, decreased by 26.4% and 21.2%, respectively. Over the past 14 years, the number of attributable deaths in the seven regions showed upward trends, with the highest annual average growth rate of 6.7% in southern China and the lowest annual average growth rate of 2.4% in northern China. In 2018, the standardized T2DM mortality rate attributed to insufficient whole grain intake in China was 3.13/100 000, and the attributable mortality was 3.21/100 000 in men and 3.05/100 000 in women. The standardized attributable mortality rate was highest in southwestern China (3.97/100 000) and lowest in northern China (1.78/100 000). From 2005 to 2018, the standardized attributable mortality rate increased by 11.5% in men and decreased by 8.1% in women. The standardized attributable mortality rate in southwestern, southern and central China increased by 23.7%, 21.3% and 4.2%, respectively. The standardized attributable mortality rate in northern, northwestern, eastern and northeastern China decreased by 20.9%, 11.0%, 4.5% and 3.9%, respectively. Conclusion: The whole grain intake level of Chinese residents was low, and the whole grain intake of residents in all seven regions should be increased, especially in the southwest, and men should have more whole grain intake than women to reduce the death risk in patients with T2DM.

Application of robotic surgery in urology / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Robot assisted laparoscopic surgery is a more advanced minimally invasive procedure with distinct advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery. Since the introduction of Da Vinci robotic equipment in 2006, a large number of robotic surgeries have been performed in China, especially in the field of Urology, and robotic surgery has been widely used in the treatment of adrenal tumor, renal tumor, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, and other diseases. Based on rich experience of more than 3000 cases of robotic surgery in our center, we summarize the status quo of urologic robotic surgery and discuss its development prospect.

Effect of DHA on sevoflurane-induced activation of microglia / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of DHA on sevoflurane-induced activation of microglia.Methods N9 mouse microglia were seeded in culture plates (1 ml) or culture dishes (10 ml) at a density of 1 × 106 cells/ml and divided into 4 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table method:control group (C group),DHA group,sevoflurane group (Sevo group) and DHA plus sevoflurane group (DHA+Sevo group).Group C received no treatment.Cells were incubated in the culture medium containing 25 μmol/L DHA in DHA and DHA+Sevo groups.Cells were exposed to 2％ sevoflurane in Sevo and DHA +Sevo groups.At 24 h of culture,activated microglia were detected and counted by immunohistochemistry,the rate of CD11b positive cells was calculated,the expression of microglial biomarker CD1lb was detected by Western blot,and the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin1 beta (IL-1β) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with C and DHA groups,the rate of C D 11 b positive cells was significantly increased,the expression of CD11 b was upregulated,and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were increased in Sevo group (P＜0.05).Compared with Sevo group,the rate of CD11b positive cells was significantly decreased,the expression of CD11b was down-regulated,and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were decreased in DHA + Sevo group (P＜0.05).Conclusion DHA can decrease inflammatory responses through reducing sevoflurane-induced activation of microglia.

Lung protection of remote limb ischemic preconditioning during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the lung protection of remote limb ischemic preconditioning during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in the patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.Methods Seventyone patients of both sexes,aged 30-64 yr,with body mass index of 15-28 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective esophageal cancer resection,were randomly divided into control group (group C,n =34) and remote limb ischemic preconditioning group (group RLIP,n =37) using a random number table.Patients in group RLIP received three cycles of 5-min ischemia/5-min reperfusion induced by a blood pressure cuff placed on one upper arm before OLV.Before OLV (T0),at 1 and 2 h of OLV (T1,2),at 20 min after re-expansion of the collapsed lung (T3),and at 2 h after operation (T4),blood samples were drawn from the radial artery for blood gas analysis,oxygenation index (PaO2/FiO2) and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) were calculated.At T0,T2,T3 and T4,blood samples were collected from the radial artery for determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-6 (IL-6),and IL-10 concentrations.Results Compared with group C,PaO2/FiO2 was significantly increased,and A-aDO2was decreased at T1,2,the plasma TNF-α concentrations were decreased at T2-4 (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the plasma IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations and rate of abnormal pulmonary function at T1-4 in group RLIP (P＞O.05).Conclusion Although remote limb ischemic preconditioning can produce lung protection during OLV in the patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection,it provides no clinical significance.

The X-ray findings of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical,radiological findings and pathogenic factor of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.Methods Five cases were reported and the relevant documents were studied retrospectively.Plain X-ray film was performed in all patients.Results There were 4 male and 1 female,age ranged from 4 to 15 years with average of 9 years.The main features of 5 cases included delayed bone age,stature short,short trunk,waddling gait noted,scoliosis in 2 cases,kyphoscoliosis in 1 case,severe genu valgum in 2 cases.The main X-ray appearance of 5 cases is multiple irregularities of long bones metaphyses associated with platyspondylia,epiphysis is normal.Type Ⅰ SMD in 2 cases,Type Ⅱ SMD in 1 case,Type Ⅲ SMD in 2 cases.Conclusion When we meet children with delayed bone age and stature short,and muhiple irregularities of long bones metaphyses associated with platyspondylia were seen in X-ray plain film.we should think about spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.