Stem Cell-Based Hair Cell Regeneration and Therapy in the Inner Ear / 神经科学通报·英文版

Hearing loss has become increasingly prevalent and causes considerable disability, thus gravely burdening the global economy. Irreversible loss of hair cells is a main cause of sensorineural hearing loss, and currently, the only relatively effective clinical treatments are limited to digital hearing equipment like cochlear implants and hearing aids, but these are of limited benefit in patients. It is therefore urgent to understand the mechanisms of damage repair in order to develop new neuroprotective strategies. At present, how to promote the regeneration of functional hair cells is a key scientific question in the field of hearing research. Multiple signaling pathways and transcriptional factors trigger the activation of hair cell progenitors and ensure the maturation of newborn hair cells, and in this article, we first review the principal mechanisms underlying hair cell reproduction. We then further discuss therapeutic strategies involving the co-regulation of multiple signaling pathways in order to induce effective functional hair cell regeneration after degeneration, and we summarize current achievements in hair cell regeneration. Lastly, we discuss potential future approaches, such as small molecule drugs and gene therapy, which might be applied for regenerating functional hair cells in the clinic.

Research focus and future trend of Chinese hospital supply chain management: a literature review based on bibliometric analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To reveal the research hotspots in hospital supply chain management in China and explore how supply chain management can facilitate the high-quality development of public hospitals.Methods:Bibliometric analysis method was employed, retrieving the Chinese literature on hospital supply chain management from 2000 to 2022 from CNKI, WeiPu, and WanFang databases. Descriptive analysis and cluster analysis of high-frequency keywords were conducted.Results:Through cluster analysis of 34 high-frequency keywords in the 1 113 Chinese literature, it was found that current research on hospital supply chain management mainly focused on 7 research hotspots: big data information systems, procurement management, risk management, refined management, inventory management, supplier management, and traceability management.Conclusions:Future research could focus on construction of hospital supply chain performance evaluation systems, digital technology-driven supply chain transformation and upgrading, enhancing hospital supply chain resilience under risks, and sustainable supply chain management.

Research progress on the mechanism of exosomes in bacterial infectious diseases / 中华危重病急救医学

Bacterial infectious diseases are a class of diseases with specific pathogens. Current studies have shown the important application and signal transduction mechanism of exosomes in bacterial infectious diseases, but the studies are still limited. Therefore, the relationship between exosomes and bacterial infectious diseases should be further explored to provide new diagnosis and treatment ideas for clinicians. This paper reviews the mechanism and prospect of exosomes in bacterial infectious diseases caused by different pathogens. It summarizes the biological characteristics of exosomes. The mechanisms of bacterial infectious diseases, the primary pathways through which exosomes regulate various pathogens, and the modification of exosomes for anti-infection.

Clinical study on a novel minimally invasive Achilles tendon suture instrument for treating fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effectiveness of a novel minimally invasive Achilles tendon suture instrument in the treatment of fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on 150 patients who underwent surgical intervention for fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture. Eighty patients were treated with the novel minimally invasive Achilles tendon suture instrument (minimally invasive group) and 70 patients with traditional open surgery (traditional group). The two groups were comparable in terms of gender, age, injured side, cause of injury, the interval between injury and operation, and the distance from the fracture end to the calcaneal tuberosity ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision length, hospital stays, hospitalization expenses, and complications were recorded and compared. At 1 year after operation, the ankle joint function was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score.@*RESULTS@#The minimally invasive group demonstrated significantly shorter operation time, smaller incision length, and lower intraoperative blood loss when compared with the traditional group ( P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of hospital stays and hospitalization expenses between the two groups ( P>0.05). All patients were followed up 12-24 months after operation (mean, 15.5 months). In the traditional group, 6 cases of incision necrosis and 7 cases of Achilles tendon adhesion occurred, while in the minimally invasive group, all incisions healed at first intention and no Achilles tendon adhesion occurred. The differences in the incidences of the two complications between the two groups were significant ( P<0.05). At 1 year after operation, the AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score in the minimally invasive group was superior to that of the traditional group ( P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#In comparison with traditional open surgery, the use of self-designed novel minimally invasive Achilles tendon suture instrument proves to be an ideal technique for treating fresh closed Achilles tendon ruptures. This approach offers the benefits of smaller incisions, fewer complications, and better postoperative functional recovery, without increasing hospital costs.

Metabolic mechanism and intervention strategy of atrial fibrillation in the elderly / 生理学报

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiovascular epidemic that occurs primarily in the elderly with primary cardiovascular diseases, leading to severe consequences such as stroke and heart failure. The heart is an energy-consuming organ, which requires a high degree of metabolic flexibility to ensure a quick switch of metabolic substrates to meet its energy needs in response to physiological and pathological stimulation. Metabolism is closely related to the occurrence of AF, and AF patients manifest metabolic inflexibility, such as insulin resistance and the metabolic shift from aerobic metabolism to anaerobic glycolysis. Moreover, our research group and the others have shown that metabolic inflexibility is a crucial pathologic mechanism for AF. Energy metabolism is closely linked to the aging process and aging-related diseases, and impaired metabolic flexibility is considered as an essential driver of aging. Therefore, this review focuses on the alteration of metabolic flexibility in the elderly and reveals that impaired metabolic flexibility may be an important driver for the high prevalence of AF in the elderly, hoping to provide intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of AF in the elderly.

A real-world study of the effects of endocrine therapy on liver function in breast cancer / 中华外科杂志

Objective: To compare the effect of different endocrine therapy drugs on liver function in patients with early breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to include 4 318 patients with early breast cancer who received adjuvant endocrine therapy in Department of Breast Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021. All the patients were female, aged (51.2±11.3) years (range: 20 to 87 years), including 1 182 patients in the anastrozole group, 592 patients in the letrozole group, 332 patients in the exemestane group, and 2 212 patients in the toremifene group. The mixed effect model was used to analyze and compare the liver function levels of patients at baseline, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60 months of medication, and 1 year after drug withdrawal among the three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane) and toremifene. Results: ALT and AST of the 4 groups were significantly higher than the baseline level at 6 months (all P<0.01), and there were no significant differences in total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and AST levels among all groups one year after drug withdrawal (P: 0.538, 0.718, 0.061, respectively). There was no significant difference in the effect of all groups on AST levels (F=2.474, P=0.061), and in the effect of three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) on ALT levels (anastrozole vs. letrozole, P=0.182; anastrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.535; letrozole vs. exemestane, P=0.862). Anastrozole and letrozole had significantly higher effects on ALT levels than toremifene (P<0.01, P=0.009). The proportion of abnormal liver function in each group increased significantly at 6 months compared with baseline, and then the proportion showed a decreasing trend over time. Conclusions: Three aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane) and toremifene can significantly increase the level of ALT and AST in patients with breast cancer, and the levels can gradually recover to the baseline after 1 year of drug withdrawal. The effect of non-steroidal aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole, letrozole) on ALT levels is greater than toremifene.

Baicalin Ameliorates Corticosterone-Induced Depression by Promoting Neurodevelopment of Hippocampal via mTOR/GSK3β Pathway / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the role of hippocampal neurodevelopment in the antidepressant effect of baicalin.@*METHODS@#Forty male Institute of Cancer Research mice were divided into control, corticosterone (CORT, 40 mg/kg), CORT+baicalin-L (25 mg/kg), CORT+baicalin-H (50 mg/kg), and CORT+fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) groups according to a random number table. An animal model of depression was established by chronic CORT exposure. Behavioral tests were used to assess the reliability of depression model and the antidepressant effect of baicalin. In addition, Nissl staining and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the effect of baicalin on hippocampal neurodevelopment in mice. The protein and mRNA expression levels of neurodevelopment-related factors were detected by Western blot analysis and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.@*RESULTS@#Baicalin significantly ameliorated the depressive-like behavior of mice resulting from CORT exposure and promoted the development of dentate gyrus in hippocampus, thereby reversing the depressive-like pathological changes in hippocampal neurons caused by CORT neurotoxicity. Moreover, baicalin significantly decreased the protein and mRNA expression levels of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and upregulated the expression levels of cell cycle protein D1, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), doublecortin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between baicalin and fluoxetine groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Baicalin can promote the development of hippocampal neurons via mTOR/GSK3β signaling pathway, thus protect mice against CORT-induced neurotoxicity and play an antidepressant role.

Analysis of the Birthing Behaviour of Cynomolgus Macaques / 实验动物与比较医学

ObjectiveObserving and analyzing the delivery behaviour of cynomolgus macaques, to establish the criteria for determining the occurrence of delivery in cynomolgus macaques, and then combining with veterinary assistance in order to improve the live birth rate of cynomolgus macaques. MethodsBy backtracking and analyzing the surveillance videos of 112 perinatal cynomolgus macaques with a gestation period of 140 d or more from 2017 to 2021, we observed and recorded the main behavioural manifestations of the cynomolgus macaques during labour, including Valsalva's maneuver, touching and licking the birth canal, lying on their backs or stomachs, and rolling and tumbling of the body. On this basis, we established the weights of delivery-related behavioural indicators and exhaustively analysed the perinatal behavioural performances of 30 cynomolgus macaques for delivery determination. ResultsThe perinatal behavioural validation results of the 30 cynomolgus macaques showed that the behavioural indicators of Valsalva's maneuver, touching and licking the birth canal, lying on the stomach or on the floor, body rolling and tumbling occurred with different frequencies, among which Valsalva's maneuver and lying on the stomach or on the back were the most important, with weight values of 35.5% and 27.2%, respectively. These two behaviours can be used to accurately determine the onset of parturition in cynomolgus macaques. The average live birth rate of the monkeys that were accurately determined to have given birth and were assisted by veterinarians reached 87.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the monkeys that had unassisted spontaneous deliveries, which was 63.5%, and there was a significant difference between these two rates (P<0.05). ConclusionThe combination of accurate birth determination and veterinary assisted delivery can significantly increase the live birth rate of experimental cynomolgus macaques.

Predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain on neurologic function in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To determine the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) on neurologic function in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients.Methods:The clinical data of 96 OHCA patients admitted to Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) upon hospital discharge, the patients were divided into the favorable neurologic function (grade 1-2) and poor neurologic function (grade 3-5) groups. The difference of serum NfL was compared between the two groups, and the relationship between serum NfL and neurologic function was assessed using correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity of serum Nfl were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Hanley & McNeil method test was used to compare the difference of AUCs between serum NfL and neuron specific enolase (NSE).Results:Twenty-six percent (25/96) patients were discharged with favorable neurologic function. Serum NfL in the favorable neurological function group was significantly lower than that in the poor neurologic function group (47.6 pg/mL vs. 261.4 pg/mL, P<0.001). Correlation analysis showed that serum NfL was positively correlated with neurologic function ( r=0.69, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum NfL was independently associated with neurological function ( OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.86-0.98; P=0.010). ROC curve indicated that the AUC of serum NfL in predicting poor neurologic function was 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99), with a sensitivity of 84.5% and a specificity of 100% at the cutoff value of 80.0 pg/mL. The AUC of serum NSE in predicting poor neurologic function was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.69-0.89), with a sensitivity of 67.6% and a specificity of 80.0% at the cutoff value of 45.1 ng/mL. A pairwise comparison using Hanley & McNeil method showed that the AUC of serum NfL in predicting poor neurologic function was higher than that of NSE ( Z=3.22, P=0.001). Conclusions:Serum NfL is helpful for clinician to predict neurologic function in OHCA patients.

Risk factors for 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis related myocardial injury in the intensive care unit / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze and explore the independent risk factors of 28-day mortality in patients with septic myocardial injury.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect clinical data of 505 patients diagnosed with sepsis related myocardial injury admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University from January 2015 to December 2020. According to the 28-day survival status of patients, they were divided into survival group and death group. COX multivariate regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the 28-day mortality rate of sepsis related myocardial injury patients, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the effectiveness of independent risk factors in predicting the 28-day mortality rate of sepsis related myocardial injury patients.Results:A total of 505 patients with sepsis myocardial injury were included, of which 282 survived on 28 days and 223 died, with a mortality rate of 44.16%. COX multivariate regression analysis showed that Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, blood lactate (LAC), oxygenation index (PaO 2/FiO 2), admission heart rate, and albumin were independent risk factors for sepsis associated myocardial injury mortality at 28 days (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of SOFA score was 0.766 2, and the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 0.724 5-0.807 9; The predictive value of 28-day mortality in sepsis associated myocardial injury patients was superior to APACHE Ⅱ score, LAC, PaO 2/FiO 2, admission heart rate, and albumin [The AUC values were 0.754 1(0.711 5-0.796 7), 0.752 6(0.710 1-0.795 1), 0.697 0(0.649 7-0.744 2), 0.623 2(0.573 7-0.672 7), and 0.620 3(0.570 8-0.669 7), respectively]. Conclusions:SOFA score, APACHE Ⅱ score, LAC, PaO 2/FiO 2, admission heart rate, and albumin are independent risk factors for the 28-day mortality rate of sepsis related myocardial injury. Clinical practice should identify these factors early, intervene early, and improve patient prognosis.

Quality assessment of pharmacoeconomic evaluation literature in China from 2018 to 2022 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze existing problems of pharmacoeconomic evaluation research in China and to improve the standardization and scientificity of research， so as to provide more high-quality evidence for government decision-making. METHODS Retrieved from CNKI， Wanfang database， VIP， PubMed， Web of Science from 2018 to 2022， the literature related to pharmacoeconomic evaluation in China was collected； Excel 2016 software was used to extract the key information of the included literature which met inclusion criteria. The Quality of Health Economic Studies （QHES） scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature. RESULTS A total of 113 pieces of literature were included in this study， involving 85 pieces of Chinese literature and 28 pieces of English literature. The overall score of QHES included literature was 65.7， of which the average score of Chinese literature was 62.0 and English literature was 76.9. The median quality scores for the literature in 2018， 2019， 2020， 2021 and 2022 were 62.0， 70.5， 59.3， 71.0， and 73.0， respectively. Of these， 65 pieces of literature reported the research perspective； 36 reported the discount rate indistinctly； 25 provided unclear definitions of thresholds； and 53 used two sensitivity analysis methods. Among different items of the QHES scale， item 2 （research perspective）， item 8 （time range and discount rate）， item 14 （potential bias） and item 16 （sources of funding） had low percentage of scores. CONCLUSIONS From 2018 to 2022， pharmacoeconomic evaluation literature published by Chinese academics has generally shown a fluctuating upward trend in terms of quality， but there is still some room for improvement. The main problems in current pharmacoeconomics research in China include unclear understanding of the research perspective， single measurement of cost and health outcomes， unreasonable design of time horizon， indistinct description of the threshold or discount rate， and lack of sensitivity analysis.

Research progress in anti-colorectal cancer mechanism of berberine / 药学学报

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy burdening people globally, with increasing morbidity and mortality nowadays, due to the alternation in the diet type and lifestyle in modern society. Berberine, a type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, is widely present in numerous medicinal plants, particularly including Coptidis Rhizoma. Mounting evidence reveals that berberine possesses an array of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammation, anti-bacterium, anti-cancer, anti-diabetes mellitus and so on. In particular, berberine exhibits substantial inhibition on various types of cancers including CRC. Hereby, we sought to systematically review the suppressive effect of berberine on CRC through the diminishment of the proliferation and metastasis, induction of apoptosis, arrest of cell cycle, regulation of inflammatory reaction, the reverse of chemotherapeutic resistance and restoration of gut microbiota in CRC, so as to shed light on the in-depth mechanisms underlying the treatment of CRC with berberine in the clinical setting.

Analysis of allocation of antipsychotics in regions with different economic levels in Shandong province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To investigate the allocation of antipsycho tics in regions with different economic levels in Shandong province，and to provide reference for strengthening the management of antipsychotics allocation and promoting the balance of regional allocation. METHODS The procurement information of the secondary and tertiary public medical institutions in Shandong province from 2016 to 2019 was collected from the Drug Centralized Bidding and Procurement Information Platform of Shandong Provincial Medical Institutions. The procurement varieties of antipsychotics ，allocation proportion and procurement cost per 10 000 people were analyzed in area with different economic levels in Shandong province. RESULTS From 2016 to 2019，there were 18 kinds of antipsychotics purchased by secondary and tertiary public medical institutions in Shandong province （9 kinds of first- and second-generation antipsychotics respectively ），and the average number of purchased varieties were 3.50-4.42. The average number of purchased varieties in undeveloped areas （3.59-4.48 kinds）were slightly higher than that in developed areas （3.41-4.36 kinds）. In these four years ，average allocation proportion of antipsychotics was 17.19％，and most of them showed a fluctuating increase （the average annual increase ranged 4.64％-38.34％）. The allocation proportion of second-generation antipsychotics was higher in developed areas than that in undeveloped areas. The purchasing cost per 10 000 people showed an upward trend of fluctuation ， ranging from 2.45 to 7 440.20 yuan. Among the 18 antipsychotics procured from 2016 to 2019，61.11％，61.11％，83.33％ and 72.22％ of them were procured by developed areas with higher procurement costs per 10 000 people than by undeveloped areas. The total procurement cost of essential medicine per 10，000 people in developed areas （11 382.99-39 650.90 yuan）was also higher than that in undeveloped areas （8 353.15-30 561.77 yuan）. CONCLUSIONS The allocation proportion of antipsychotics is low in Shandong province ，and the allocation proportion of second-generation antipsychotics in developed areas are higher than that in undeveloped areas.

UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-based rapid identification of chemical components in substance benchmark of Kaixin San / 中国中药杂志

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS) was used for rapid identification of the chemical components in Kaixin San substance benchmark. The gradient elution was performed through a Waters ACQUITY~(TM) BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 μm) with water-acetonitrile as mobile phase, a column temperature of 30 ℃, a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1), and a sample size of 1 μL. The scanning was performed in the negative ion mode. The complex component groups in Kaixin San substance benchmark were quickly and accurately identified and clearly assigned based on the comparison of the retention time and MS data with those of the reference substance as well as the relative molecular weight of the same or similar components in the mass spectrum database and literature. A total of 77 compounds were identified, including 26 saponins, 13 triterpenoid acids, 20 oligosaccharide esters, 5 xanthones, and 13 other compounds. The qualitative method established in this study can systematically, accurately, and quickly identify the chemical components in Kaixin San substance benchmark, which can provide a basis for the further analysis of its active components in vivo and the establishment of its quality control system.

Exploratory research of the value of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly breast cancer patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To explore the value and feasibility of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment(aCGA)grading in elderly patients with breast cancer.Methods:From June 2019 to January 2020, elderly patients with breast cancer aged 65 years and above were enrolled.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score and aCGA classification were performed respectively.Clinical characteristics, score distribution and differences between the two assessment methods were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 61 cases of breast cancer patients aged 65 years and above were included in our study.According to the assessment of aCGA, grade A accounted for 65.5%(40/61), grade B accounted for 27.9%(17/61), and grade C accounted for 6.6%(4/61), among which 82.0%(50/61 cases)of the patients had complications.And the most common complications were hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.Among the 50 patients with ECOG score 0-1, 74.0%(37/50)were aCGA grade A, and 26.0%(13/50)were aCGA grade B.Conclusions:According to the aCGA grading, about two thirds of breast cancer patients over 65 years old are assessed as grade A, which indicates that they might have better tolerance during the treatment.However, among the patients with 0-1 score according to the ECOG score, some patients still have a slightly worse grade(aCGA grade B, which shows slightly worse health condition), suggesting that the refinement degree of ECOG score may be insufficient, and the health damage of some patients may be underestimated.

Comparison of mental health status of pregnant women with assisted reproductive technology and natural pregnancy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore whether assisted reproductive technology (ART) can affect the mental health of pregnant women during pregnancy.Methods:Convenient sampling method was used to select 500 pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination in Dalian Women and Children′s Medical Group from July 2019 to July 2020, including 193 cases of ART pregnant women (observation group) and 307 cases of natural pregnant women (control group). PEM-D psychosomatic holistic diagnosis and treatment system combined with Symptom Checklist- 90 (SCL-90), 7- item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to evaluate and compare the mental health status between the two groups.Results:The total score of SCL-90 in the observation group was (154.34 ± 14.42), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (142.42 ± 14.39), the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.35, P<0.05). The scores of anxiety, depression and paranoia in the observation group were (2.17 ± 0.47), (2.15 ± 0.68), (1.78 ± 0.45), which were significantly higher than those in the control group (1.95 ± 0.52), (1.77 ± 0.55), (1.58 ± 0.39), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.86, 3.88, 3.20, all P<0.015). The scores of GAD-7 and PHQ-9 in the observation group were (6.72 ± 2.44), (5.43 ± 2.54), which were significantly higher than those in the control group (5.76 ± 2.47), (3.74 ± 1.66), the differences were statistically significant ( t=2.52, 3.57, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PSQI scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:ART affects the mental health of pregnant women, especially increases the level of depression and anxiety. We should provide corresponding psychological support and help for these pregnant women to reduce their depression and anxiety level.

Distribution of bacteria infected by metagenomic sequencing technology in maxillofacial space / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aimed to compare and analyze the consistency and difference between metageno-mic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and conventional bacterial culture in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in maxillofacial space infection, as well as to provide a new detection method for the early clinical identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 16 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infections in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2020 to June 2020 were collected. mNGS and conventional bacterial culture methods were used to detect pus. We then analyzed and compared the test results of the two methods, including the test cycle, positive detection rate, anaerobic bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobic bacteria detection rates, distribution of pathogenic bacteria, relative species abundance, and resistance genes.@*RESULTS@#The average inspection period of mNGS was (18.81±3.73) h, and the average inspection period of bacterial culture was (83.25±11.64) h, the former was shorter than the latter (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with conventional bacterial culture, mNGS has the characteristics of short test time, high sensitivity, and high accuracy. Thus, it is a new detection method for the early identification of pathogenic bacteria in maxillofacial space infection and is beneficial to the early clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Application Value of Abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in Elderly Female Breast Cancer Patients / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To evaluate the application value of abbreviated comprehensive geriatric assessment(aCGA)in elderly female breast cancer patients. Methods Eight aspects of the traditional CGA were simplified to form the aCGA assessment table,based on which the patients were classified into three grades of A,B and C according to the total scores.This study enrolled the elderly female patients with breast cancer aged 70 years and above who were treated in PUMC Hospital from June 2018 to January 2020.Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)scoring and aCGA grading were performed respectively,and the results of the two methods were compared. Results Of the 162 patients,111(68.5%)were classified by the aGGA method as grade A,43(26.5%)as grade B,and 8(5.0%)as grade C;131(80.9%)cases have concurrent diseases,and the most common complications were hypertension(

Progress of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Immunotherapy of Triple Negative Breast Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Breast cancer has become the most common cancer for women in China.Lack of effective therapeutic targets,triple negative breast cancer(TNBC)has poorer prognosis compared with other subtypes of breast cancer.Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)are a group of heterogeneous lymphocytes around the tumor,which are believed as immunoreactive products of host immune response to tumor antigens.At present,there have been reports on the predictive effect of TILs on the prognosis of breast cancer,and the available studies focus mainly on TNBC.This article briefly reviews the recent progress of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in immunotherapy of TNBC.

Active components and action mechanism of Shenmai Injection in treatment of atrial fibrillation based on network pharmacology and molecular docking / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the active components and molecular mechanism of Shenmai Injection in the treatment of atrial fibrillation(AF) based on the application of network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The chemical components of single herbs of Shenmai Injection were collected from TCMSP and TCMID, with the standard chemical name and PubChem CID(referred to as CID) obtained from PubChem database. The active components were screened using SwissADME, and their targets were predicted using SwissTargetPrediction. Targets related to AF treatment were identified using GeneCards, OMIM, and other databases. Venn diagram was constructed using Venny 2.1 to obtain the intersection targets. The single herb-active component-potential target network was constructed using Cytoscape, and the clusterProfiler R function package was used to perform the gene ontology(GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment. The protein-protein interaction(PPI) network of intersection targets was generated based on the STRING database. The hub target protein was identified by visualization using Cytoscape, and then docked to its reverse-selected active components. The analysis showed that there were 65 active components with 681 corresponding targets in Shenmai Injection, 2 798 targets related to AF treatment, and 235 intersection targets involving 2 549 GO functions and 153 KEGG pathways. Finally, hub target proteins, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT1), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha(PIK3 CA), and estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), were screened out by PPI network visualization. The molecular docking was performed for 39 active components screened out in reverse, among which 30 active components de-monstrated high affinity. Among them, homoisoflavanoids CID 10871974, CID 5319742, and CID 10361149 had stronger affinity docking with AKT1. This study preliminarily indicates that Shenmai Injection treats AF through multiple components, multiple targets, and multiple pathways. Homoisoflavonoids of Ophiopogon japonicus are its important active components, which target AKT1 to regulate metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis in AF treatment.