RÉSUMÉ
Introduction: Congenital syphilis is a serious public health problem that causes high rates of intrauterine morbidity and mortality, revealing flaws and weaknesses in the health system. Objective: to report a case of congenital syphilis in a university hospital in the Center-South Region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Case report: A pregnant woman, aged between 19 and 23 years old, carrying a Pregnant Woman's Handbook with a record of seven prenatal consultations and a note of the serological reaction for positive syphilis, but without any treatment, hospitalized at the University Hospital of Vassouras (RJ), in labor, gave birth to a newborn (NB) with a clinical picture and serological test of congenital syphilis. The NB required care in an intensive care unit and was discharged 28 days after birth. Scraping of skin lesions of the NB and placenta was performed for analysis by molecular biology (PCR in house) and genetic material of Treponema pallidum was detected. Conclusion: Congenital syphilis is a serious outcome of syphilis during pregnancy, consuming high financial resources and significant emotional distress for the mother, father, the whole family, as well as for the health teams. Our case report was the first that we are aware of in Brazil with a diagnosis by PCR for positive Treponema pallidum of skin scraping and placental fragment. It also showed poor quality prenatal care, a common factor in most cases of CS in our reality
Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Nouveau-né , Jeune adulte , Placenta/microbiologie , Syphilis congénitale/diagnostic , Treponema pallidum/isolement et purification , Indice de gravité de la maladie , Réaction de polymérisation en chaîneRÉSUMÉ
A soroprevalência do SARS-CoV-2 foi determinada a partir de um inquérito epidemiológico transversal realizado no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, nos meses de outubro a novembro de 2020, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, na população de funcionários que exercia atividade laboral naquele período. A caracterização sociodemográfica foi realizada, além da análise das associações entre as variáveis de interesse ou exposição com a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, para estabelecer quais sinais e sintomas foram de maior prevalência. Para o estudo foram coletadas amostras de sangue e utilizados ensaios imunocromatográficos (COVID-19 IgG/IgM ECO Test® e Medtest® Coronavírus (COVID-19) IgG/IgM), para detectar IgG e IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2. Um cálculo amostral obtendo-se 391 profissionais de saúde demonstrou que 173 (44,2%) indivíduos apresentaram ao menos um resultado positivo para infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Não houve diferença significativa entre as medianas das idades dos pacientes que apresentaram infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 (mediana 40 anos, IIQ 34-53) e dos que não apresentaram infecção (mediana 39 anos, IIQ 32-49), valor de P= 0,148. Também não houve diferença entre o sexo dos profissionais com infecção e sem infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 1,02; IC 95% 0,59 1,78). Dos 173 profissionais que apresentaram infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, 70 (40,5%) relataram sintomas relacionados à COVID-19, enquanto 41 (23,7%) profissionais relataram que não apresentaram nenhum sintoma e 62 (35,8%) não informaram sobre presença ou não de sintomas, sendo excluídos da análise. Os sintomas mais frequentemente apresentados pelos profissionais infectados foram: cefaleia 46,5% (59/127); perda de olfato 32,3% (41/127); perda de paladar 30,7% (39/127); tosse seca 27,6% (35/127); diarreia 24,4% (31/127); dores no corpo 27,6% (35/127); outros 13,4% (17/127); dores nas pernas 11,8% (15/127); tonteira 11,8% (15/127) e febre 9,4% (12/127). Estabelecer um protocolo de vigilância com um teste fácil e rápido para as políticas de COVID-19 entre os profissionais na linha de frente e atuantes na assistência é imperativo para o controle da transmissão de SARS-CoV-2 e definir critérios epidemiológicos que orientem a tomada de decisão quanto ao isolamento de profissionais infectados sintomáticos e assintomáticos.
The seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was determined from a cross-sectional epidemiological survey carried out at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from October to November 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population of employees who worked in that period. Sociodemographic characterization was performed in addition to the analysis of associations between the variables of interest or exposure with SARS-CoV-2 infection to establish which signs and symptoms were more prevalent. For the study, blood samples were collected and immunochromatographic assays (COVID-19 IgG/IgM ECO Test® and Medtest® Coronavirus (COVID-19) IgG/IgM) were used to detect IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2. A sample calculation obtaining 391 health professionals showed that 173 (44.2%) individuals had at least one positive result for SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was no significant difference between the median ages of patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection (median 40 years, IIQ 34-53) and those who did not have infection (median 39 years, IIQ 32-49), P value = 0.148. There was also no difference between the sex of professionals with and without SARS-COV-2 infection (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 0.59 1.78). Of the 173 professionals who had SARS-COV-2 infection, 70 (40.5%) reported symptoms related to COVID-19, while 41 (23.7%) professionals reported that they had no symptoms and 62 (35.8%) did not report on the presence or absence of symptoms, being excluded from the analysis. The symptoms most frequently presented by the infected professionals were: headache 46.5% (59/127); loss of smell 32.3% (41/127); loss of taste 30.7% (39/127); dry cough 27.6% (35/127); diarrhea 24.4% (31/127); body pain 27.6% (35/127); another 13.4% (17/127); leg pain 11.8% (15/127); dizziness 11.8% (15/127) and fever 9.4% (12/127). Establish a surveillance protocol with an easy and quick test for COVID-19 policies among frontline and care professionals is imperative to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and define epidemiological criteria that guide the decision-making regarding the isolation of symptomatic and asymptomatic infected professionals.
Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Signes et symptômes , Études séroépidémiologiques , Enquêtes de santé , Personnel de santé , Dépistage de la COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnosticRÉSUMÉ
Introduction: The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis is given by a positive treponemal test and a non-treponemal test, with VDRL (Veneral Disease Research Laboratory) being the "gold standard". Objective: To compare two tests commercially validated for biological fluids and analyzed by different operators, in order to assess their performance in detecting high (≥:8) and low (≤1:2) titrations, as well as to determine the agreement between results in paired serum samples from patients with syphilis and living with HIV. Methods: Cross-sectional study, approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the teaching hospital Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG), under CAAE 66558117.0.0000.5258. The study population was composed by patients diagnosed with syphilis and confirmed by the positivity of one or more treponemal tests. All samples were analyzed simultaneously by two different operators, each using a kit: VDRL WAMA Diagnóstica®, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; VDRL Brás, Laborclin®, Pinhais, PR, Brazil. The SPSS statistical program was used. Results: 110 serum samples from patients diagnosed with syphilis treated at HUGG were analyzed. The frequency of high VDRL titrations among patients, following the VDRL criterion ≥1:8, was practically the same in both tests, with 68% in VDRL Laborclin and 69% in VDRL WAMA (p = 0.87) and VDRL ≤1:2, 80% for WAMA and 83% for Laborclin (p = 0.72). The results of VDRL were tabulated in pairs; then the Cohen's Kappa coefficient of agreement was calculated (Κ) 0.32 (95%CI 0.210.41; p<0.00001), as well as the weighted Kappa (Kw) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.89 (95%CI 0.840.92; p<0.00001). The Bland-Altman diagram was also used. We found poor agreement between the VDRL tests when results were nominally concordant, that is, with the same titles in both tests. However, if partial agreement is considered, the interpretation of the magnitude of agreement estimators was almost complete (≥0.80). Conclusion: Reliability and agreement were high between the VDRL tests of both manufacturers when considering the close titrations (up to two dilutions). Further reliability and agreement studies are essential between the non-treponemal tests available and used in Brazil.
Introdução: O diagnóstico laboratorial da sífilis é realizado por meio da positividade de um teste treponêmico e de um teste não treponêmico, sendo o VDRL (do inglês Veneral Disease Research Laboratory) o "padrão ouro". Objetivo: Comparar dois testes comercialmente validados para fluidos biológicos e analisados por operadores diferentes, com o intuito de avaliar o desempenho dos testes em detectar titulações altas (≥ :8) e baixas (≤1:2), bem como determinar a concordância entre ambos os resultados em amostras pareadas de soro de pacientes com sífilis vivendo com HIV. Métodos: Estudo transversal, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle (HUGG), sob o CAAE: 66558117.0.0000.5258. A população estudada foi a de pacientes que obtiveram o diagnóstico de sífilis confirmado por meio da positividade de um ou mais testes treponêmicos. Todas as amostras foram analisadas simultaneamente por dois operadores diferentes, cada um utilizando um kit: VDRL WAMA Diagnóstica®, São Carlos, SP, Brasil; VDRL Brás, Laborclin®, Pinhais, PR, Brasil. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico SPSS. Resultados: Foram analisadas 110 amostras de soro de pacientes com diagnóstico de sífilis atendidos no HUGG. A frequência de altas titulações de VDRL entre os pacientes, seguindo o critério de VDRL ≥1:8, foi praticamente a mesma em ambos os testes, com 68% no VDRL Laborclin e 69% no VDRL WAMA (p=0,87) e para VDRL ≤1:2, 80% para WAMA e 83% para Laborclin (p=0,72). Os resultados dos títulos de VDRL foram tabulados em pares; em seguida, foram calculados o coeficiente de concordância Kappa de Cohen (Κ) 0,32 (IC95% 0,210,41; p<0,00001), o Kappa ponderado (Kw) e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) 0,89 (IC95% 0,840,92; p<0,00001), bem como utilizado o diagrama de Bland-Altman. O estudo encontrou fraca concordância entre os testes de VDRL, se considerados os resultados nominalmente concordantes, isto é, com os mesmos títulos em ambos os testes. Entretanto, se considerado a concordância parcial, a interpretação da magnitude dos estimadores de concordância passou a ser quase completa (≥0,80). Conclusão: A confiabilidade e a concordância foram altas entre os testes de VDRL dos dois fabricantes, quando consideradas as titulações próximas (até duas diluições). Mais estudos de confiabilidade e concordância são fundamentais entre os testes não treponêmicos disponíveis e utilizados no Brasil.