Prevalence of syphilis and associated factors among pregnant women in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: This systematic review accompanied by a meta-analysis aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil and describe its associated factors. Methods: Following the establishment the search strategies and the registration of the review protocol in PROSPERO, we conducted a search for relevant articles in the Pubmed, LILACS, Science Direct, SciELO and Web of Science databases. Our inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies published between 2005 and 2023, with no language restrictions. The combined prevalence of syphilis infection was estimated using the random effects model in the R Software with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and p < 0.01 as statistically significant. Results: A total of 24 articles were recruited, which together investigated 221,884 women. The combined prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in Brazil was 1.79% (95% CI: 1.24-2.57%), and the main factors associated with its occurrence were black and brown skin color, low education and factors related to the partner. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of syphilis in pregnancy in Brazil, mainly associated with socioeconomic factors.

Relationship between the comfort level of chronic renal patients and sociodemographic and clinical variables / Relación del confort de los pacientes renales crónicos con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas / Relação do nível de conforto de pacientes renais crônicos com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the association between the comfort level of chronic hemodialysis patients with sociodemographic and clinical variables using the General Comfort Questionnaire. Method: Cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, considering 180 chronic hemodialysis renal patients. Two instruments were used: one for sociodemographic and clinical variables; and the General Comfort Questionnaire, Brazilian version. Mann-Whitney's, Kruskal-Wallis's, and Spearman's tests were used for data analysis. Results: The overall comfort level of patients was 78.16%. The socio-cultural domain presented the lowest level of comfort and the psychospiritual the highest level. Some variables were significantly associated with the domains, such as marital status, education, and considering oneself to be anxious. Conclusion: In the four domains of comfort, it was possible to identify patients' needs, such as the presence and intensity of pain, anxiety, constipation and type of access, making it possible to guide nurses in the systematization of care and improve the comfort of these patients.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Correlacionar el nivel de confort de pacientes renales crónicos hemodialíticos por medio del General Comfort Questionnaire con las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas. Método: Estudio transversal, abordaje cuantitativo, con 180 pacientes renales crónicos hemodialíticos. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos: un de caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica; y el General Comfort Questionnaire, versión brasileña. Para análisis de los datos, han sido usados los testes de Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis y el test de Spearman. Resultados: El nivel de confort general de los pacientes ha sido de 78,16%. Los dominios que presentaron menor y el mayor nivel de confort, respectivamente, han sido el sociocultural y el psicoespiritual. Algunas variables correlacionadas considerablemente con los dominios han sido: estado civil, escolaridad y considerarse ansioso. Conclusión: En los cuatro dominios del confort, permitió identificarse necesidades de los pacientes, como presencia e intensidad de dolor, ansiedad, constipación y tipo de acceso, volviendo posible nortear los enfermeros en la sistematización del cuidado y mejorar el confort de esos pacientes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Correlacionar o nível de conforto de pacientes renais crônicos hemodialíticos por meio do General Comfort Questionnaire com as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas. Método: Estudo transversal, abordagem quantitativa, com 180 pacientes renais crônicos hemodialíticos. Utilizaramse dois instrumentos: um de caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica; e o General Comfort Questionnaire, versão brasileira. Para análise dos dados, foram usados os testes de MannWhitney, Kruskal-Wallis e o teste de Spearman. Resultados: O nível de conforto geral dos pacientes foi de 78,16%. Os domínios que apresentaram menor e o maior nível de conforto, respectivamente, foram o sociocultural e o psicoespiritual. Algumas variáveis correlacionadas significantemente com os domínios foram: estado civil, escolaridade e considerar-se ansioso. Conclusão: Nos quatro domínios do conforto, permitiu-se identificar necessidades dos pacientes, como presença e intensidade de dor, ansiedade, constipação e tipo de acesso, tornando possível nortear os enfermeiros na sistematização do cuidado e melhorar o conforto desses pacientes.

Avaliação da dor em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica em hemodiálise / Assessment of pain in chronic renal failure patients going through hemodialysis

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar a dor e as diferenças desta avaliação com variáveis sociais, econômicas e clínicas em indivíduos com doença renal crônica. Métodos estudo transversal, com 90 pacientes em clínicas de hemodiálise. Foram utilizados três instrumentos: clínico/sociodemográfico, a escala visual analógica de dor e o questionário de dor McGill. Utilizou-se os testes U de Mann-Whitney e de Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados o tipo de dor mais frequente foi a musculoesquelética (35,6%), classificada como moderada pela escala visual analógica de dor. No questionário de McGill, as categorias mais selecionadas foram sensoriais e afetivas, que caracterizam a dor como aguda e fina. Foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas nas medianas da dor com renda familiar, fonte de renda, uso de analgésicos/anti-inflamatórios, uso de acupuntura e prejuízo do sono. Conclusão a dor foi um resultado recorrente em várias regiões do corpo entre pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica.

ABSTRACT Objective to assess the pain and the differences of this assessment with social, economic and clinical variables in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Methods cross-sectional study, with 90 patients with hemodialysis clinics. Three instruments were used clinical/sociodemographic, visual analogue pain scale and McGill pain questionnaire. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis U tests were used. Results the most frequent kind of pain was musculoskeletal (35.6%), which was classified as moderate by using the visual analogue pain scale. In McGill's questionnaire, the most selected categories were sensory and affective, which characterize pain as acute and thin. Significant statistical differences in medians of pain were found with family income, source of income, use of analgesics/anti-inflammatories, use of acupuncture and impaired sleep. Conclusion pain was a recurrent result in various regions of the body among patients with chronic renal failure.