Interactions Between Intelligent Animals and Electronic Technology: Current State and Future Prospects / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Human-animal interaction has a long-standing tradition dating back to ancient times. With the rapid advancements in intelligent chips, wearable devices, and machine algorithms, the intelligent interaction between animals and electronic technology, facilitated by electronic devices and systems for communication, perception, and control, has become a reality. These electronic devices aim to implement an animal-centric working mode to enhance human understanding of animals and promote the development of animal intelligence and creativity. This article takes medium-sized and large animals as research objects, with the goal of developing their ability enhancement, and introduces the concept of “intelligent animal augmentation system (IAAS)”. This concept is used to describe the characteristics of such devices and provides a comprehensive overview of existing animal and computer interface solutions. In general, IAAS can be divided into implantable and non-implantable types, each composed of interface platforms, perception and interpretation, control and instruction components. Through various levels of enhancement systems and architectural patterns, intelligent interaction between humans and animals can be realized. Although existing IAAS still lack a complete independent interaction system architecture, they hold great promise and development space in the future. Not only can they be applied as substitutes for cutting-edge devices and transportation equipment, but they are also expected to achieve cross-species information interaction through intelligent interconnection. Additionally, IAAS can promote bidirectional interaction between humans and animals, playing a significant role in advancing animal ethics and ecological protection. Furthermore, the development of interaction models based on animal subjects can provide insightful research experiences for the design of human-computer interaction systems, thereby contributing to the more efficient realization of the ambitious goal of human-machine integration.

Remote Virtual Companion via Tactile Codes and Voices for The People With Visual Impairment / 生物化学与生物物理进展

ObjectiveExisting artificial vision devices can be divided into two types: implanted devices and extracorporeal devices, both of which have some disadvantages. The former requires surgical implantation, which may lead to irreversible trauma, while the latter has some defects such as relatively simple instructions, limited application scenarios and relying too much on the judgment of artificial intelligence (AI) to provide enough security. Here we propose a system that has voice interaction and can convert surrounding environment information into tactile commands on head and neck. Compared with existing extracorporeal devices, our device can provide a larger capacity of information and has advantages such as lower cost, lower risk, suitable for a variety of life and work scenarios. MethodsWith the latest remote wireless communication and chip technologies, microelectronic devices, cameras and sensors worn by the user, as well as the huge database and computing power in the cloud, the backend staff can get a full insight into the scenario, environmental parameters and status of the user remotely (for example, across the city) in real time. In the meanwhile, by comparing the cloud database and in-memory database and with the help of AI-assisted recognition and manual analysis, they can quickly develop the most reasonable action plan and send instructions to the user. In addition, the backend staff can provide humanistic care and emotional sustenance through voice dialogs. ResultsThis study originally proposes the concept of “remote virtual companion” and demonstrates the related hardware and software as well as test results. The system can not only achieve basic guide functions, for example, helping a person with visual impairment to shop in supermarkets, find seats at cafes, walk on the streets, construct complex puzzles, and play cards, but also can meet the demand for fast-paced daily tasks such as cycling. ConclusionExperimental results show that this “remote virtual companion” is applicable for various scenarios and demands. It can help blind people with their travels, shopping and entertainment, or accompany the elderlies with their trips, wilderness explorations, and travels.

Effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation at Neiguan (PC 6) on general anesthesia under preserving spontaneous breathing in thoracoscopic lobectomy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation (TEAS) at Neiguan (PC 6) on general anesthesia under preserving spontaneous breathing in thoracoscopic lobectomy.@*METHODS@#A total of 66 patients of primary lung cancer undergoing thoracoscopic lobectomy were divided to an observation group (33 cases, 1 case discontinued) and a control group (33 cases). In the observation group, TEAS at Neiguan (PC 6) was used 30 min before anesthesia induction till the end of surgery. The surgery time, maximum value of partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2) and minimum value of oxygen saturation (SpO2) of the two groups were recorded. The dosage of propofol, sufentanil, remifentanil and dexmedetomidine were analyzed. Separately, before induction (T0), at the start of surgery (T1), thoracic exploration (T2) and lobectomy (T3), as well as 30 min (T4) and 60 min (T5) after lobectomy, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), serum cortisol (Cor) and norepinephrine (NE) were measured. The time of post anesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, ambulation, flatus, chest drainage and the incidence of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#The maximum value of PETCO2, the dosage of propofol and remifentanil in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the minimum value of SpO2 in the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). At T1-T5, the MAP, HR, serum Cor and NE levels in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The ambulation time, the time for the flatus, chest drainage time, and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group (P<0.001, P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#For the general anesthesia under preserving spontaneous breathing in thoracoscopic surgery, TEAS at Neiguan (PC 6) relieves stress response, reduces opioids dosage and promotes postoperative recovery.

Hypoxia at high altitude induces inflammation in the spleen of mice through NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @# Based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis , to explore the molecular mechanism of spleen inflammation induced by high altitude hypoxia in mice through NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway . @*Methods @#C57BL/6 mice were raised at an altitude of 400 m and 4 200 m respectively , with five mice in each group , and spleen tissues were collected after 30 days . Differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes in key pathways were screened by metabolomics and transcriptome analysis and correlation KEGG enrichment analysis , and the related network interaction diagram of differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes in key pathways was constructed and verified by RT⁃qPCR . @*Results @#Metabolomics analysis showed that 133 differential metabolites were screened from in the plain spleen control group (PSC group) and the plateau spleen test group (HST group) , 95 of which were up⁃regulated while 38 of which were down⁃regulated . KEGG enrichment analysis showed that they were mainly involved in NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway , HIF⁃1 signaling pathway , cholesterol metabolism and other metabolic pathways . The results of transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 4213 differentially expressed genes were identified in PSC group and HST group , including 1947 up⁃regulated genes and 2266 down⁃regulated genes . KEGG was enriched in 173 signaling pathways , including NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway , MAPK signaling pathway , NF⁃κB signaling pathway and other pathways . Comprehensive analysis showed that the differential metabolites and differentially expressed genes were obviously enriched in NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway . Therefore , the correlation network interaction map was constructed for the differential metabolites ATP and differentially expressed genes in NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway . RT⁃qPCR results showed that compared with PSC group , the expression levels of DEGs related to NOD1 and NOD2 (CHUK , TAB3 , MAPK8) in the signaling pathway of NOD⁃like receptor and NLRP1 ⁃CASP1 pathway (NLRP1b , CASP1) in HST group were significantly enhanced . The mRNA expression levels of downstream inflammatory factors IL⁃6 , IL⁃1 β , IL⁃18 , INF⁃γ and TNF⁃α were up⁃regulated and differentially expressed . @*Conclusion @# Based on the combined analysis of metabolomics and transcriptomics , it was found that hypoxia stimulation at high altitude may affect the NOD⁃like receptor signaling pathway in vivo , and the differential metabolite ATP is positively correlated with the differential key genes in the pathway . ATP mediates the release of downstream inflammatory factors by activating NOD1 , NOD2 pathways and NLRP1 inflammable⁃CASP1 pathways . Inflammatory response occurred in spleen tissue of mice.

Effect of wheat-grain moxibustion on the expression of Beclin-1/GRP78 in spinal dorsal horn in rats with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14) on the expressions of Beclin-1 and GRP78 in spinal dorsal horn in rats with cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), and to explore the possible analgesic mechanism of wheat-grain moxibustion for CSR.@*METHODS@#A total of 48 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a model group, a wheat-grain moxibustion group and a wheat-grain moxibustion+3-MA group, 12 rats in each group. The CSR model was prepared by spinal cord insertion method. Three days after modeling, the rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution; the rats in the wheat-grain moxibustion group were treated with wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14, 6 cones per time) on the basis of the model group; the rats in the wheat-grain moxibustion+3-MA group were intraperitoneally injected with 3-MA solution and wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14, 6 cones per time). The three groups were intervened for 7 days, once a day. The gait score and mechanical pain threshold were observed before treatment and 7 days into treatment; after the treatment, the expressions of mRNA and protein of Beclin-1 in spinal dorsal horn were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry; the expression of GRP78 protein in spinal dorsal horn was detected by Western blot method; the autophagosomes and ultrastructure in spinal dorsal horn neurons were observed by electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#After the treatment, compared with the sham operation group, in the model group, the gait score was increased and the mechanical pain threshold was decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of GRP78 protein in spinal dorsal horn was increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group and the wheat-grain moxibustion+3-MA group, in the wheat-grain moxibustion group, the gait score was decreased and mechanical pain threshold was increased (P<0.01), and the expression of GRP78 protein in spinal dorsal horn was decreased, and the expressions of mRNA and protein of Beclin-1 were increased (P<0.01). Under electron microscope, the ultrastructure of spinal dorsal horn neurons in the wheat-grain moxibustion group was not significantly damaged, and its structure was basically close to normal, and the number of autophagosomes was more than the other three groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Wheat-grain moxibustion at "Dazhui" (GV 14) has analgesic effect on CSR rats. The mechanism may be related to moderately up-regulate the expression of Beclin-1, enhance autophagy and reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Effect of auricular acupuncture on reduction of sertraline hydrochloride in patients with depression: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of auricular acupuncture on reduction rate of sertraline hydrochloride, and to explore the long-term efficacy of auricular acupuncture in patients with depression.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two patients with depression were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (36 cases, 2 cases dropped off). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional dosage reduction method, that is, the dosage of sertraline hydrochloride was reduced by 25% every week until the dosage was stopped completely on the premise of no aggravation of depressive symptoms. Based on the conventional dosage reduction method used in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with auricular acupuncture at Xin (CO@*RESULTS@#The dosage of sertraline hydrochloride in the observation group was less than that in the control group after 2, 3, 4 weeks of dosage reduction and during follow-up (@*CONCLUSION@#Auricular acupuncture could effectively reduce the dosage of sertraline hydrochloride, improve the dosage reduction rate, reduce the incidence of withdrawal syndrome and reduce the risk of long-term recurrence in patients with depression.

Observation on clinical effect of acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion for mild to moderate postpartum depression / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect of acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion and oral sertraline hydrochloride dispersible tablets in the treatment of mild to moderate postpartum depression.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with mild to moderate postpartum depression were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. Both groups were treated with psychotherapy. The control group was treated with oral sertraline hydrochloride dispersible tablets, 50 mg each time, once a day; the observation group was treated with acupuncture at Qihai (CV 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Xuehai (SP 10), Hegu (LI 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Taixi (KI 3), etc. combined with wheat-grain moxibustion at Xinshu (BL 15), Pishu (BL 20), Ganshu (BL 18) and Shenshu (BL 23), once every other day, 3 times a week. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks as a course, with 2 consecutive courses of treatment. Before and after treatment and follow-up of 3 months after the end of treatment, the Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) and World Health Organization quality of life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) score of the two groups were compared, and the clinical effect was assessed.@*RESULTS@#After treatment and during follow-up, the HAMD and EPDS scores of the two groups were lower than before treatment (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion can improve the depressive symptoms of patients with mild to moderate postpartum depression and improve their quality of life, and the clinical effect is more lasting and stable than oral sertraline hydrochloride dispersible tablets.

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion on perimenopausal depression with kidney deficiency and liver depression / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion and oral fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule on perimenopausal depression with kidney deficiency and liver depression.@*METHODS@#A total of 60 patients of perimenopausal depression with kidney deficiency and liver depression were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. Acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion were adopted in the observation group. Acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Yintang (GV 29), Fengchi (GB 20), etc. for 30 min. Wheat-grain moxibustion was applied at Ganshu (BL 18), Shenshu (BL 23), Mingmen (GV 4) and Yongquan (KI 1), 3 moxa-cones for each acupoint. The treatment in the observation group was given once every 2 days, 3 times a week. Fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule was given orally in the control group, 20 mg each time, once a day. Treatment for 8 weeks was required in the both groups. The scores of Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and modified Kupperman scale were observed in the both groups before and after treatment, and at 1, 3, 6-month follow-up. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after treatment.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the scores of HAMD and modified Kupperman scale after treatment and at each time point of follow-up were decreased in the both groups (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with wheat-grain moxibustion can effectively treat perimenopausal depression with kidney deficiency and liver depression, and have more stable and sustained therapeutic effect compared with oral fluoxetine hydrochloride capsule.

Effect of electroacupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) on pulmonary function during one-lung ventilation in patients with lobectomy / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the protective effect of electroacupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC 6) on pulmonary function during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients with lobectomy, and explore its action mechanism.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with lobectomy were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. The patients in the control group were treated with general anesthesia, and OLV was given when surgery began; when the surgery finished, air was removed from the thoracic cavity and two-lung ventilation was performed. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with EA (disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz of frequency) at Neiguan (PC 6) 30 min before anesthesia induction until the end of the surgery. The pulmonary function indexes [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO@*RESULTS@#Compared with T@*CONCLUSION@#EA at Neiguan (PC 6) has protective effects on lung injury induced by OLV after lobectomy, and its mechanism may be related to the improvement of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

Hplc fingerprint and chemical pattern recognition of valeriana jatamansi / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Valeriana jatamansi and provide a reference for its effective quality control. METHODS: The HPLC-DAD analysis was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm), with acetonitrile (A)-0.1% formic acid (B) solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution, the detection wavelength was set at 327 nm (0-33 min) and 256 nm (33-90 min), the flow rate was 1.0 mL•min-1, and the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The fingerprints of 25 batches of Valeriana jatamansi samples were analyzed by similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). RESULTS: The fingerprints of 25 batches of Valeriana jatamansi samples were established. There were 36 common peaks in the fingerprints and nine common peaks were identified by reference substances. The fingerprints similarity of 18 batches of samples was over 0.9, and the samples were classified into two groups. Six components were the main markers that cause differences in different batches of samples, including valepotriate, acevaltrate, isochlorogenic acid A, and some others. CONCLUSION: HPLC fingerprint combined with recognition of chemical pattern can reflect the intrinsic quality of Valeriana jatamansi, which may provide reference for the quality control and evaluation of Valeriana jatamansi.

Progress and prospect of injury prevention and control in China / 中华疾病控制杂志

After a quarter of a century of exploration and practice, injury prevention and control in China has rapidly caught up with the pace of developed countries and formed an injury control mode with Chinese characteristics: there are injury control institutions and professional teams, injury research centers in universities, injury prevention and control professional committees and six specialized committees, eight National Academic Conferences were held, a number of injury monographs and the journal of Injury Medicine were published. A second spring of injury prevention and control in China is coming by the strategic plan for Healthy China deploied at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the plan for ‘Healthy China’ released from the CPC central committee and the State Council in October 2016.

Associations between Body Composition Indices and Metabolic Disorders in Chinese Adults: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Obesity induces dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and inflammatory state, which results in atherogenic processes, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. We usually use body composition indices, such as body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BFP), waist circumference-height ratio (WHtR), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) to reflect the obesity. The aim of this large population-based cross-sectional study was to investigate the associations between body composition indices and metabolic parameters in Chinese adults.</p><p><b>Methods</b>A total of 12,018 Chinese adults were included. Body composition indices, such as BMI, BFP, WHtR, and WHR, and metabolic parameters, such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2h PBG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and white blood cell count (WBC), were measured and analyzed. All analyses were stratified by gender.</p><p><b>Results</b>All body composition indices and metabolic parameters except 2h PBG differed significantly between males and females (all P < 0.001). BMI was positively associated with SBP, DBP, LDL-C, TC, TG, FBG, 2h PBG, HbA1c, FINS, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and WBC, and inversely associated with HDL-C; similar relationships were identified between the metabolic parameters and BFP, WHtR, and WHR. In the multivariate analysis, the odds of impaired glucose regulation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and increased hs-CRP were 1.36, 1.92, 3.44, and 1.27 times greater in the overweight group than those in the normal weight group, respectively, and 1.66, 3.26, 7.53, and 1.70 times greater in the obese group than those in the normal weight group, respectively. The odds of dyslipidemia and hs-CRP were 1.29 and 1.38 times greater in the BFP ≥28.0% group than in the BFP <28.0% group, respectively. The odds of dyslipidemia, HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP were 1.55, 1.26, and 1.48 times greater in the WHtR ≥0.96 group than in the WHtR <0.96 group, respectively. Among males, the odds of HOMA-IR were 1.46 times greater in the WHR ≥0.54 group than in the WHR <0.54 group. Similar results were observed in females.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study identified positive associations between all evaluated body composition indices and metabolic parameters in Chinese adults. Among the body composition indices, BMI predicted four of the five evaluated metabolic disorders in both gender groups.</p>

Efficacy of Kangshuailing Gao on benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>Objective</b>To investigate the effect of Kangshuailing Gao (KG) on benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in rats and its action mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty BPH model rats were randomized into five groups of equal number, BPH model control, finasteride control, and high-, medium- and low-dose KG, to be treated intragastrically with distilled water, finasteride solution at 0.52 mg/kg, and KG solution at 4.16, 2.08 and 1.04 g/kg respectively once a day for 30 days consecutively. Another 10 normal healthy rats were taken as blank controls. The rats were weighed once a week during the treatment. The wet weight and index of the prostate were obtained after treatment, followed by measurement of the contents of serum estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone (T) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in the prostatic tissue, and observation of histomorphological changes in the prostate under the light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the BPH model control group, high- and medium-dose KG significantly reduced the prostate wet weight (［0.84 ± 0.08］ vs ［0.69 ± 0.04］ and ［0.71 ± 0.07］ g, P < 0.01), the prostatic index (［0.28 ± 0.03］% vs ［0.20 ± 0.02］% and ［0.22 ± 0.03］%, P < 0.01), and the levels of T (［4.63 ± 1.25］ vs ［2.44 ± 0.47］ and ［2.91 ± 0.69］ ng/L, P < 0.01) and DHT (［154.44 ± 20.25］ vs ［88.23 ± 13.63］ and ［90.52 ± 16.44］ nmol/L, P < 0.01), but increased the level of E2 (［0.95 ± 0.24］ vs ［1.19 ± 0.14］ and ［1.20 ± 0.22］ nmol/L, P < 0.01) in the serum. High-dose KG remarkably reduced the overexpression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue of the BPH model rats (P < 0.01) and alleviated such BPH-related symptoms as epithelium thinning, intraglandular secretion reduction, and interstitial substance decrease.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Kangshuailing Gao acted effectively on BPH in the model rats by reducing the androgen level, balancing the estrogen/androgen ratio, and downregulating the expression of HIF-1α in the prostate tissue.</p>

Effect of hypobaric hypoxia on killing functions and secreting IL-6,TNF-α of peritoneal macrophages in mice / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To explore the influence of high altitude hypoxia on the phagocytosis and killing functions of peritoneal macrophages in mice by establishing mouse model in high altitude hypoxic environment.Methods:①After exposure of mice to an altitude of 4 200 m,2 200 m and 400 m for 30 d respectively,flow cytometry was used to detect the phagocytosis and killing functions of peritoneal macrophages on staphylococcus aureus labeled with FITC.②The respiratory burst level of the cultured macrophage in mice was detected in 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) fluorescent probe method. ③The concentration of NO2- as a stable oxidative metabolite of NO in the supernatant of the cultured macrophages was measured with ELISA kits;④The release level of IL-6 and TNF-α in the cultured mice macrophage supernatant was also determined with ELISA kits.Results:After exposed under high altitude hypoxia for 30 d,compared with the control group (400 m),the phagocytosis,respiratory burst level and NO release in high altitude groups (4 200 m and 2 200 m) were all than those in the control group(400 m) (P<0.05).While the concentration of IL-6 and TNF-α in the Mφ cultured supernatant showed an obvious increase (P<0.05).Conclusion:Exposure under high altitude hypoxia (at altitude of 4 200 m and 2 200 m) for 30 d compromised the phagocytosis and oxygen dependent cytolyticactivity functions,and also raised the cytokines secretion level of IL-6 and TNF-α in Mφ,thereby affecting the innate immune response ability of Mφ in body.

Extraction and Separation of Boron in Anhydrite and Gypsum Minerals and Its Isotopic Measurement by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

The anhydrite and gypsum are the main sulfate minerals during evaporation of seawater or lake.They record the information about relative hydrogeology and the composition of mother liquor.Boron is diffluent element, and often occurs in all kinds of evaporites.Presently, the boron isotope has been applied widely in mineral deposits forming, geochemistry and palaeoenvironment.However, there is little research about characteristic of boron isotope in anhydrite and gypsum minerals, because of the low content of boron and micro-solubility in water and hydrochloric acid.This study developed a method of extracting and purifying boron in anhydrite and gypsum by phase transformation and ion-exchange.Firstly, the samples were mixed with ammonium hydrogen carbonate to transform the calcium sulfate to calcium carbonate.And diluted hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) was added to resolve calcium carbonate.The percent conversion was about 85%in the first stage, and up to complete resolution by repeating this process.Secondly, boron specific ion-exchange resin ( Amberlite IRA 743 ) was used to gather the boron ions fully and further refined the samples with more than 1 μg of boron by anionic and cationic resin mixed by Ion Exchange Ⅱ and Dowex 50 W × 8.Finally, according to the modified method by He, the values of boron isotope were determined by TIMS.The boron content is analytically pure gypsum was 3.501 ± 0.128 μg/g ( n=12 , RSD=3.6%) and the average recovery was 100.47%.Besides, the δ11B value of analytically pure gypsum added with NIST SRM 951 was 17.98‰±0.21‰ (n=3, RSD=1.2%).This method has good repeatability and can meet the requirements of boron isotopic measurement of anhydrite and gypsum.

Seroprevalence and Risk Factors of Fascioliasis in Yaks, Bos grunniens, from Three Counties of Gansu Province, China

The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of fascioliasis in yaks, Bos grunniens, from 3 counties of Gansu Province in China. A total of 1,584 serum samples, including 974 samples from white yaks from Tianzhu, 464 from black yaks from Maqu, and 146 from black yaks from Luqu County, were collected and analyzed using ELISA to detect IgG antibodies against Fasciola hepatica. The overall F. hepatica seroprevalence was 28.7% (454/1,584), with 29.2% in white yaks (284/974) and 27.9% in black yaks (170/610). The seroprevalence of F. hepatica in yaks from Tianzhu, Luqu, and Maqu was 29.2%, 22.6%, and 29.5%, respectively. Female yaks (30.9%) had higher F. hepatica seroprevalence than male yaks (23.4%). Also, F. hepatica seroprevalence varied by different age group from 24.1% to 33.8%. Further, the seroprevalence ranged from 21.8% to 39.1% over different seasons. Interestingly, the season and age of yaks were associated with F. hepatica infection in yaks in the investigated areas. These findings provided a basis for further studies on this disease in yaks from 3 counties of Gansu Province in northwestern China, which may ultimately support the development of effective control strategies of fascioliasis in these areas.

Quality evaluation of fifteen varieties of Epimedii Folium from different growing areas / 中成药

AIM To evaluate the quality of fifteen varieties of Epimedii Folium from different growing areas.METHODS UPLC-MS/MS was adopted in the content determination of icariin,icariside Ⅰ,icariside Ⅱ,epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C,sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B,2"-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ and baohuoside Ⅱ.The analysis of 40％ ethanol extract of Epimedii Folium was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Welch C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm,3 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.1％ formic acid-acetonitrile flowing at 0.2 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.Then principal component analysis was made.RESULTS Ten constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ＞ 0.999 0),whose average recoveries were 97.6％-104.5％ with the RSDs of 1.37％-2.93％.In 46 batches of samples,epimedin C content was the highest,followed by epimedin A content,and icariside Ⅰ content was the lowest.The contents of various constituents showed obvious differences between small-flowered taxa and big-flowered taxa.CONCLUSION This sensitive and rapid method can provide a reference for the development and utilization of Epimedii Folium.

Effect of Early Moxibustion Intervention on the Expression of Amyloid β-protein1-40 in 5XFAD Transgenic Mice / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To explore effect of early moxibustion intervention on cerebral Aβ1-40 in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) and the mechanism of action of moxibusion in preventing and treating AD.Method Gene phenotype in transgenic AD passage mice was identified using PCR. One and a half-month-old female Tg6799 transgenic mice were randomly allocated, including nine mice to a model group and eight mice to a treatment group. Nine C57BL/6J wild type female mice of the same age and background constituted a normal control group. Wheat-grain-sized moxa cone moxibustion on bilateral points Xinshu(BL15) and Shenshu(BL23) was given to the treatment group. After the completion of treatment, Aβ1-40 expression in mouse frontal cortex and hippocampal region was determined using the immunohistochemical method.Result Aβ1-40 expression in mouse frontal cortex and hippocampal region decreased significantly in the treatment group compared with the model group (P<0.01,P<0.05). Conclusion Early moxibustion intervention can decrease cerebral Aβ1-40 expression and delay AD pathological process in a mouse model of AD.

Research on rapid unloading and positioning of new-type medical shelter at night / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study a new method for fast unloading and positioning of medical shelter at night to accelerate the deployment speed of medical shelter system at night and improve the rapid reaction of medical support forces.Methods Laser marking device was used to indicate the three baseline for vehicle positioning based on three line positioning method,and then the position of the self-contained vehicle was determined.Reversing radar assisted in monitoring the vehicle position,and facilitated parking at a predetermined location.Results The problems such as low visibility were solved during the deployment at night,and the time consumed was decreased to 40 min for shelter positioning and unloading,so that the workload and artificial errors were both reduced greatly.Conclusion The method realizes medical shelter unloading efficiently with high practicability and flexibility.

Development of portable cerebral function physical therapy apparatus for altitude medical service / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a portable cerebral function physical therapy apparatus to heal the brain disorder due to oxygen deficit such as lapsus memoriae,insomnia,headache and etc.Methods The apparatus integrated transcranial microcurrent stimulation technique and unified wearing,which was composed of an analog brain wave signal generator,a protective goggles against ultraviolet with a stimulus electrode embedded in the mounting and a belt with a leather cup fixing the generator.The generator used the master control chip to regulate the constant current generating circuit to produce bipolar constant microcurrent for the training of transcranial microcurrent stimulation.Results The effectiveness rate by the apparatus was 75％ for headache and insomnia in plateau conditions,with daily operation non affected.conclusion The apparatus behaves well in convenience,portability and non invasion,and can effectively relieve headache and insomnia in plateau conditions.