Therapeutic effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A in the treatment of spastic cerebral palsy with different location ways / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) and different lacation ways on children with spastic cerebral palsy. Methods One hundred and twenty patients with BTX-A were employed in our study;these patients were performed locations of electromyography (n=60) and reverse stretching hand (n=60), and then, they were equally sub-divided into 6 groups, respectively: receiving injection of BTX-A at doses of 3, 4 and 5 U/kg, respectively (n=20).After injection, they were commenced functional training for 3 months. The gross motor assessment scale (GMFM) was used to assess the motor function of functional areas in these children 3 months after the training. The modified Ashworth scale was used to assess the degree of muscle spasticity. Results The scores of GMFM in patients received treatment with location of electromyography increased as compared with those with reverse stretching hand (P< 0.05), but the scores had no statistically significances among different doses of BTX-A treatment groups (P> 0.05). The Ashwort grade in patients received treatment with location of electromyography alleviated as compared with those with reverse stretching hand (P<0.05), but no statistically significance of grading was noted among different doses of BTX-A treatment groups (P>0.05). Conclusion All parameters in patients received treatment with location of electromyography improve better than those with reverse stretching hand after injection of same dose of BTX-A.

Experimental study of protective effects of topiramate on neurons in immature rats with chronic epilepsy / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the innuence of single-drug topirmate(TPM)on injured neurons of immature rats with chronic epilepsy. Methods A total of 72 male Wistar rats around 3-4 weeks of age were randomly allocated into 6 groups, 12 rats each. Group A: negative control group;group B:positive control group;group C:low-dose TPM group(20 mg/kg);group D:medium-dose TPM group(40 mg/kg);group E:high-dose TPM group(80 mg/kg);group F:united drug group[TPM 40 mg/kg+sodium valproate (VPA) 200 mg/kg]. Groups B-F belonged to the chronic epilepsy group,including rat models of epilepsy induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol(PTZ)before the administration of TPM. After two-month administration, changes in body weight, behavioral performance,the level of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and pathology in the hippocampus were examined. Results (1)The effect of group E on body weight of immature rats was significantly obvious than that of gruop B and gruop F.(2)Duration and degree of epileptic seizures induced by PTZ were respectively prolonged and alleviated in groups D and E. (3) NSE levels in groups administered with different doses of TPM were evidently lower than that in group B and there was no difference between group F and single-drug TPM groups.(4) Degenerative changes of hippocampal neurons and degree of glial cell hyperplasia were remarkably alleviated in group E. Conclusions TPM may alleviate the severity of neural injury following epileptic seizures in immature rats, with the existence of the dose effect;however,TPM plus VPA may impair its neuroprotective effects.

Neuroprotective effects of topiramate and folic acid on young rats with kindling-induced epilepsy / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the neuroprotective effects of topiramate (TPM) alone or together with folic acid (FA) on young rats with kindling-induced epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rat models of epilepsy were prepared by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced kindling. Seventy-two 3-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: four TPM-treated epilepsy groups (TPM 20, 40 or 80 mg/kg/d and TPM 40 mg/kg/d + FA 5 mg/kg/d), a positive control group (untreated epilepsy group) and a negative control group (normal control group). After two months of administration, behaviors of the rats were recorded; serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured using ELISA; pathological changes in the hippocampus were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The frequency of convulsion seizures in the 20, 40 and 80 mg TPM treatment and TPM+FA groups was 44.7 +/- 2.9, 44.3 +/- 3.1, 42.7 +/- 3.2, and 40.8 +/- 3.7 respectively, which were significantly lower than that in the positive control group (48.4 +/- 3.7) (P <0.01). Twenty, forty and eighty mg TPM treatment and TPM+FA treatment significantly reduced NSE levels from 35.71 +/- 5.97 microg/L of the control group to 27.40+/- 6.40, 24.79 +/- 6.22, 21.47 +/- 6.87 and 22.55 +/- 7.02 microg/L respectively (P <0.05). Neuronal apoptosis in the CA3 and CA1 regions were alleviated in the four TPM treatment groups compared with positive control. The number of necrotic neurons was progressively reduced with the increased dose of TPM. The 40 mg TPM+FA treatment group showed less necrotic neurons in the CA3 and CA1 regions than the 40 mg TPM alone treatment group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>TPM has protective effects against epilepsy-induced neuronal damage. The effect is dose-dependent. A combination of TPM and FA can produce a synergistic effect.</p>

Influence of Valproate Sodium on Neuroprotective Effects of Topiramate / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the influence of valproate sodium(VPA)on neuroprotective effects of topiramate(TPM).Methods For-ty-eight 3-4 week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 12 rats each.Group A was negative control rats,and groups B-D were rat model of epilepsy,induced by pentylenetetrazol(PTZ).The rats in 2 experimental groups were adminstered intragastrically with TPM 40 mg/kg and TPM 40 mg/kg+ VPA 200 mg/kg;2 control groups(groups A and B)with the equal amount of distilled water administration.After 2-month administration,changes of the behavior,levels of serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)and the pathological in hippocampus were examined.Results The level of NSE in the group of TPM were significantly lower than that in masculine group,but no difference between masculine group and the TPM plus VPA.The pathological change in hippocampus were abatement in the group of TPM.Conclusion TPM plus high dosage of VPA will impaire the neuroprotective effects of TPM.

Protective Effect of Topiramate and Folic Acid on Mitochondrial Damage in Hippocampal Neurons during Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Kindling in Immature Rats / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore protective effect of topiramate (TPM) and folic acid (FA) on mitochondrial damage in hippocampal CA3 neurons during pentylenetetrazol- induced kindling in immature rats.Methods Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) - induced kindling in rats was used to establish rat models of epilepsy.Forty-eight 3-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: two therapy groups with TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) or TPM 40 mg/(kg?d) and FA 5 mg/(kg?d) administration, 2 control groups (positive control group and negative control group) with the equal amount of distilled water administration. The seizure behaviors of rats were evaluated. Two months later, the rats were killed and the brain sections were made. The mitochondrial ultrastructures of neurons in hippocampal CA3 region were observed with transmission electron microscope.Results In the positive control group, the frequency of seizure was (48.4 ? 3.7)times, while in TPM group (44.3 ? 3.1)times and in TPM and FA group(40.8 ? 3 .7)times.The differences were significant among three groups (Pa