RÉSUMÉ
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development involves various interrelated risk factors, including age, gender, obesity, and inactivity. However, research lacks insights into the risk factors within the minor ethnic Bishnupriya Manipuri community in Bangladesh. This study aimed to identify T2DM risk factors within this community. Methods: This survey-based prospective observational study was conducted in different villages of Kamalgonj Upazila under the Moulvibazar district in Bangladesh from March 2023 to June 2023 enrolled 280 individuals using purposive sampling. Data collection involved a questionnaire, verbal agreement, and diagnostic documentation. Analysis utilized Microsoft Office and the student抯 t-test. Results: Participants exhibited a 1:1.2 male-female ratio, with 64% aged 36-65. 43% were housewives, 55% engaged in moderate work, 15% smoked, and 41% had a family history of diabetes. Diabetic cases accounted for 39%, with an average age of 57.39�.99 years, significantly higher than non-diabetic cases (46.79�.93 years). Diabetic cases also showed significantly higher waist circumference (94.11�63 cm versus 84.71�.76 cm) and body mass index (BMI) (26.12�61 kg/m2 versus 21.44�97 kg/m2). Conclusions: T2DM predominantly affects older individuals in the Bishnupriya Manipuri community. Increased waist circumference, overweight, and obesity emerged as significant risk factors for T2DM within this population.
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Aim: The objective of the study was to analyse and to identify the groundwater prospect zones (GWPZ) by developing groundwater potential zone map for Kadiri watershed of Anantapur district in Andhra Pradesh, India. Methodology: Nine thematic layers were generated, i.e., geology, geomorphology, soil texture, soil depth, drainage density, slope, rainfall, lineament density and land use land cover of the study area, and based on multi criteria analysis (MCA) method revised ratings and weights were computed from interrelationship among the influencing layers. Integration of all thematic layers was done through weighted overlay technique (WOT) for developing groundwater potential zone map of the study area using GIS software. Results: Five groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) were identified in the study area ranging from very poor to very good. According to the classification of GWPZ, 7.14% (36.95 sq.km) and 39.88 % (206.31 sq.km) of the study area falls under 'very good' and 'good' groundwater potential zone whereas 30.81 % of study area, i.e., 159.35 sq.km accounts for moderate groundwater prospect. It was also observed that 17.77% (91.9 sq.km) and 4.40% (22.77 sq.km) accounts for 'poor' and 'very poor' groundwater potential zone in the study area, respectively. The major portion of good groundwater potential zone was found in the eastern part of the study area. Interpretation: The research outcome of the present study on status of groundwater availability will be helpful to the stake holders, local administration and policy makers in framing the guidelines for better planning, utilization and rejuvenation of depleting groundwater resources for sustainable development in the study area.
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Background: Direct laryngoscopy for endotracheal intubation with the Macintosh blade is most commonly used for establishing a patent airway. AirtraqTm Optical Laryngoscope, does not require the alignment of the 3 airway axes for glottic visualization. Objective: We aim to compare these two laryngoscopes in view of laryngoscopic grading, ease of tracheal intubation and hemodynamic changes associated with laryngoscopy and intubation. Materials and Methods: 50 ASA I and II patients were randomly divided into Macintosh (M) group and Airtraq (A) group. Cormack Lehane grading, ease of intubation, laryngeal intubation time in secs and incidence of sore throat was noted. HR & BP was recorded at 0, 1, 3, 5 & 10 minutes following intubation. Unpaired ‘t’ test compared inter-group data, while paired ‘t’ test compared within group cardiovascular data. (p<0.05 statistically significant) Results: The demographic data of both groups were comparable. Cormack- Lehane grading was better in group A than in group M [grade I group A(84%) and group M(60%)]. The mean time for laryngeal intubation (Mean ± SD) for group A (8.3 ± 4.6 secs) and group M (20.46 ± 6.6 secs) (t = 7.6, p< 0.01). Ease of intubation was better in group A than group M. The rise in blood pressure and heart rate was significantly less in Group A as compared to Group M. Conclusion: Airtraq laryngoscope was superior to Macintosh laryngoscope as it provided better laryngoscopic views, shorter laryngoscopy and intubation time, easier intubation and the rise in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was significantly less.
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A review study was done by searching literature through PubMed. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a life altering disease pathogenesis of which are not yet clearly known likewise its management protocol has not been established. Treatment of longstanding Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is empirical and of limited efficacy. This disease may lead to dreadful squeal which may need amputation for their management and few of these patients may even develop suicidal tendency. Patient with Reflex sympathetic dystrophy usually present late. It was found that the clinical presentation of RSD are too much variable, although different modalities of treatment are used either alone or in combination, the outcomes are often unpredictable and of variable efficacy. Understanding of the treatment modalities and proper selection of treatment option are essential for best outcome. Preventive measure does play a role in management of these patients. Option of treatment includes pharmacological method, sympathetic nervous system interruption, use of calcitonin and bisphosphonate. More study is required to find out the mechanism that triggers the pain and other clinical manifestation so that a standardized protocol for its management can be developed.