Effect and Mechanism of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Learning and Memory Abilities of Epileptic Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate （EGCG） on learning and memory abilities of amygdala electrical kindling-induced epilepsy in rats and its mechanism. MethodMale SD rats were randomly divided into the normal group， model group， intervention group （model+25 mg·kg-1 EGCG）， and EGCG group （25 mg·kg-1 EGCG）. Rats in the EGCG group were only given EGCG intraperitoneal injection， those in the normal group were only given electrode implantation， and those in the other experimental groups were given amygdala electrical kindling stimulation to establish a chronic kindling epilepsy model. EGCG was injected intraperitoneally daily before electrical stimulation. Twenty-four hours after the last electrical stimulation， the escape latency and percentage of target quadrant were recorded by the Morris water maze. Twenty-four hours after the behavioral test， rats in each group were sacrificed by decapitation. The number of hippocampal neurons was observed by Nissl staining. The thickness of postsynaptic density in the hippocampus， synaptic cleft， length of active zone and the curvature of synaptic interface were observed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The expressions of synapse-related proteins synaptotagmin （Syt）， postsynaptic density-95 （PSD-95） and Kalirin-7 in the hippocampus were examined by Western blot. ResultCompared with those in the normal group， the escape latency was significantly prolonged （P<0.05， P<0.01） and the target quadrant ratio was significantly decreased in the model group （P<0.05）. The number of hippocampus neurons decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The synaptic cleft of the hippocampus was widened significantly， and the length of active zone and the thickness of postsynaptic density were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of synapse-related proteins Syt， PSD-95 and Kalirin-7 in the hippocampus were significantly decreased （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the escape latency was significantly shortened and the percentage of target quadrant was significantly increased in the intervention group （P<0.05， P<0，01）. The number of hippocampal neurons significantly increased （P<0.01）. The synaptic cleft of the hippocampus was significantly shortened， and the length of active zone and postsynaptic density were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of synaptic related proteins Syt， PSD-95 and Kalirin-7 were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionEGCG can effectively improve cognitive dysfunction after epilepsy. Its protective effect may be achieved by protecting the ultrastructure of hippocampal synapses and regulating the expressions of synapse-related proteins Syt， PSD-95 and Kalirin-7.

Research on Runx2 gene induced differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells into ligament fibroblasts in vitro and promotion of tendon-bone healing in rabbits / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate whether the Runx2 gene can induce the differentiation of human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) to ligament fibroblasts in vitro and promote the tendon-bone healing in rabbits.@*METHODS@#hAMSCs were isolated from the placentas voluntarily donated from healthy parturients and passaged, and then identified by flow cytometric identification. Adenoviral vectors carrying Runx2 gene (Ad-Runx2) and empty vector adenovirus (Ad-NC) were constructed and viral titer assay; then, the 3rd generation hAMSCs were transfected with Ad-Runx2 (Ad-Runx2 group) or Ad-NC (Ad-NC group). The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect Runx2 gene and protein expression to verify the effectiveness of Ad-Runx2 transfection of hAMSCs; and at 3 and 7 days after transfection, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was further used to detect the expressions of ligament fibroblast-related genes [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), collagen type Ⅰ, Fibronectin, and Tenascin-C]. The hAMSCs were used as a blank control group. The hAMSCs, hAMSCs transfected with Ad-NC, and hAMSCs were mixed with Matrigel according to the ratio of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 to construct the cell-scaffold compound. Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay, and the corresponding cell-scaffold compound with better proliferation were taken for subsequent animal experiments. Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation group (Sham group), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction group (ACLR group), anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction+hAMSCs transfected with Ad-NC-scaffold compound group (Ad-NC group), and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction+hAMSCs transfected with Ad-Runx2-scaffold compound group (Ad-Runx2 group), with 3 rabbits in each group. After preparing the ACL reconstruction model, the Ad-NC group and the Ad-Runx2 group injected the optimal hAMSCs-Matrigel compunds into the bone channel correspondingly. The samples were taken for gross, histological (HE staining and sirius red staining), and immunofluorescence staining observation at 1 month after operation to evaluate the inflammatory cell infiltration as well as collagen and Tenascin-C content in the ligament tissues.@*RESULTS@#Flow cytometric identification of the isolated cells conformed to the phenotypic characteristics of MSCs. The Runx2 gene was successfully transfected into hAMSCs. Compared with the Ad-NC group, the relative expressions of VEGF and collagen type Ⅰ genes in the Ad-Runx2 group significantly increased at 3 and 7 days after transfection ( P<0.05), Fibronectin significantly increased at 3 days ( P<0.05), and Tenascin-C significantly increased at 3 days and decreased at 7 days ( P<0.05). CCK-8 detection showed that there was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in the cell proliferation between groups and between different time points after mixed culture of two ratios. So the cell-scaffold compound constructed in the ratio of 1∶1 was selected for subsequent experiments. Animal experiments showed that at 1 month after operation, the continuity of the grafted tendon was complete in all groups; HE staining showed that the tissue repair in the Ad-Runx2 group was better and there were fewer inflammatory cells when compared with the ACLR group and the Ad-NC group; sirius red staining and immunofluorescence staining showed that the Ad-Runx2 group had more collagen typeⅠ and Ⅲ fibers, tending to form a normal ACL structure. However, the fluorescence intensity of Tenascin-C protein was weakening when compared to the ACLR and Ad-NC groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Runx2 gene transfection of hAMSCs induces directed differentiation to ligament fibroblasts and promotes tendon-bone healing in reconstructed anterior cruciate ligament in rabbits.

Portable head and neck magnetic resonance imaging device in neurosurgery / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application of portable head and neck magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in neurosurgery.Methods:A total of 213 patients with brain diseases who were scanned by portable head and neck MRI device in Center of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June to September 2022 were selected. The portable head and neck MRI images and 3.0T conventional MRI images of 10 randomly selected patients were compared; the differences in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of different sequences were analyzed. Thirty-one patients accepted tracheal intubation/tracheotomy, or ventilator-assisted breathing were selected as special patient group, and another 30 patients were as general patient group; the differences in comprehensive diagnostic scores of portable head and neck MRI images were compared. Noise intensity differences in different sequences between 3.0T conventional MRI and portable head and neck MRI were statistically compared. Twenty hospitalized volunteers with normal hearing in our center from July to August 2022 were selected, conventional 3.0T MRI and portable head and neck MRI were performed successively, and the noise intensity of different sequences in them was evaluated by using a 5-point system.Results:Compared with those in 3.0T conventional MRI images, the SNR and CNR of T1WI, T2WI, and Liquid attenuated reverse recovery sequence (FLAIR) sequences in portable head and neck MRI images were significantly lower ( P<0.05). No significant difference was noted in the comprehensive diagnostic scores of portable head and neck MRI images between special patients and general patients ( P>0.05). Compared with that in the 3.0T conventional MRI, the noise intensity of different sequences in portable head and neck MRI was significantly reduced ( P<0.05). These volunteers had significantly reduced noise intensity scores of different sequences in portable head and neck MRI compared with that in conventional 3.0T MRI ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Portable head and neck MRI device is easy to use, enjoying high safety, imaging quality and suitability, which meets the clinical needs for neurosurgery patients.

Protective mechanism of Tangshenbao on kidney of diabetic nephropathy rats / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanism of Tangshenbao on renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats.Methods:Totally 36 SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group ( n=6) and model group ( n=30). The DN rat model was prepared by single high-dose intraperitoneal injection of STZ. According to the random number table method, the rats were divided into model group, irbesartan group and Tangshenbao low-, medium- and high-dosage groups, with 6 rats in each group. Drug intervention lasted for 8 weeks. The general condition and body weight of rats in each group were recorded. The blood glucose, kidney index, 24 h urine protein (24 h UTP), SCr and BUN levels were detected. The pathological morphology of renal tissue was observed by PAS staining and transmission electron microscopy. The mRNA and protein expressions of Ets-1, TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 in renal tissue were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results:Compared with model group, the body weight of Tangshenbao low, medium and high dose groups and irbesartan group significantly increased ( P<0.01). The kidney index decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). The contents of 24 hUTP, BUN and SCr significantly decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Glomerular volume was significantly reduced ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the mRNA expressions of Ets-1 (1.59 ± 0.06, 1.47 ± 0.04, 1.31 ± 0.03, 1.39 ± 0.03 vs. 1.64 ± 0.04), TGF-β1 (1.65 ± 0.05, 1.59 ± 0.03, 1.38 ± 0.05, 1.49 ± 0.04 vs. 1.77 ± 0.08), Smad2 (1.48 ± 0.05,1.39 ± 0.05, 1.22 ± 0.03, 1.31 ± 0.04 vs. 1.54 ± 0.05), Smad3 (1.57 ± 0.04, 1.48 ± 0.03, 1.28 ± 0.03, 1.39 ± 0.02 vs. 1.64 ± 0.05) in renal tissue of rats significantly decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), the protein expressions of Ets-1 (1.33 ± 0.32, 1.16 ± 0.38, 0.77 ± 0.06, 0.84 ± 0.06 vs. 1.97 ± 0.43), TGF-β1 ( 1.35 ± 0.14, 1.24 ± 0.22, 0.94 ± 0.13, 1.07 ± 0.06 vs. 1.63 ± 0.20), Smad2 (1.24 ± 0.26, 1.14 ± 0.31, 0.77 ± 0.28, 0.85 ± 0.19 vs. 1.72 ± 0.34) and Smad3 (1.29 ± 0.14, 1.19 ± 0.21, 0.85 ± 0.39, 0.90 ± 0.37 vs. 1.76 ± 0.21) decreased ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:Tangshenbao can improve renal damage in DN rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Ets-1 expression and TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Exploration of practice of acupuncture-moxibustion scientization by HUANG Xue-long, the successor of Chengjiang school / 中国针灸

HUANG Xue-long is a direct disciple of CHENG Dan-an. He is the second-generation representative heir of Chengjiang school. Through research on his practice and achievements of acupuncture and moxibustion scientization, we found that his main contributions were as follows. He has carried out beneficial explorations along with the scientific thinking of Chengjiang school, elucidated the theory of acupoints, clarified acupuncture and moxibustion manipulations, and explained the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion. His explorations promote the scientific process of acupuncture and moxibustion and enrich the academic system of acupuncture and moxibustion.

LU Shan-zhong's academic contribution to the recent and modern acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

By arranging Mr. LU Shan-zhong's papers and works, his academic contributions to acupuncture and moxibustion were summarized. It mainly includes standardizing the clinical diagnosis and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion, and finding the fusion point of the western and traditional medicine; building the acupuncture and moxibustion education system, innovating acupuncture and moxibustion talent training programs; exploring the academic connotation of acupuncture and moxibustion, and promoting acupuncture and moxibustion therapy.

Clinical observation of pediatric Tuina plus oral Chinese medication for pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of pediatric Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) plus oral administration of Chinese medication for pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation. Methods: A total of 94 children with anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method at a ratio of 1:1, with 47 cases in each group. The control group was treated with modified Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San, and the observation group was treated with additional Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu based on the treatment in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed, and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score, serum leptin, neuropeptide Y, and serum zinc and calcium levels were compared. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.2％, and that of the control group was 74.5％. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptom scores in both groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum leptin level in both groups decreased, and the level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum neuropeptide Y, zinc, and calcium levels in both groups increased after treatment, and the levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu plus oral administration of Chinese medication is significantly effective in treating pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation, which can improve the appetite of children and improve the symptoms of anorexia, and the curative effect is better than that of oral administration of Chinese medication alone.

Clinical study on surgical methods of supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To explore and analyze the selection of surgical methods for supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A total of 260 patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage who underwent surgery in Department of Neurosurgery, Suzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 to December 2021 were included in the study by retrospective case analysis. According to different surgical methods, they were divided into three groups: large bone flap group ( n=116), conventional bone flap group( n=89)and stereotactic group( n=55). The large bone flap group underwent standard supratentorial large bone flap craniotomy, the conventional bone flap group underwent conventional bone flap craniotomy, and the stereotactic group underwent stereotactic hematoma puncture suction + drainage. Clinical indicators such as operation time, intraoperative bleeding, pulmonary infection, length of hospital stay, and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) at 6 months of postoperative follow-up, and the proportion of good prognosis (GOS 4-5) were calculated. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as mean±standard deviation( ± s), count data were expressed as cases and percentages (%). Results:In the large bone flap group, the operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospital stay, pulmonary infection, postoperative rebleeding were(193±24) min, (625±65) mL, (46±11) d, 102 patients(87%), 9 patients(7.8%), and (124±17) min, (297±35) mL, (32±9) d, 29 patients(33%), 4 patients(4.4%)in the conventional bone flap group, and (73±11) min, (53±15) mL, (21±4) d, 10 patients(18%), 2 patients(3.6%)in stereotactic group. All patients were followed up for 6 months, and 165 patients (63.5%) had good prognosis (GOS 4-5), including 36 patients (31%) in the large bone flap group, 82 patients (93.2%) in the conventional bone flap group, and 47 patients (85.5%) in the stereotactic group.Conclusion:Standard large craniectomy has sufficient effect of decompression, and is suitable for serious life threatening hematoma; Conventional craniotomy has advantages in the treatment of secondary intracerebral hemorrhage. Stereotactic surgery has the characteristics of short operation time, less intraoperative bleeding, short hospital stay and low incidence of pulmonary infection, which is worthy of promotion in the treatment of primary intracerebral hemorrhage.

Research progress of the risk of rupture of unruptured intracranial aneurysm / 国际外科学杂志

Intracranial aneurysms will lead to subarachnoid hemorrhage, which has a high mortality and morbidity risk. Screening high-risk aneurysms for preventive intervention has a positive effect, considering the widespread presence of unruptured aneurysms in the general population, this article reviews the risk factors of aneurysm rupture from the aspects of epidemiology, pathology, morphology and hemodynamics. In terms of epidemiology, smoking history, hypertension, age, gender and family inheritance are all closely related to the risk of aneurysm rupture. In terms of pathology, inflammation on the wall of intracranial aneurysm may be related to the risk of aneurysm rupture. In imaging, the size of intracranial aneurysms, location, the characteristics of the artery wall and some morphological and hemodynamic parameters can be used as evaluation index of fracture risk factors, at the same time the growth of intracranial aneurysm is one of the high risk indicators, the indicators for us in the future to establish intracranial unruptured aneurysms rupture risk factors evaluation model is of great significance.

Effect of Arntl on T cell development and anti-infection function in mice / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the effect of Arntl on T cell development and T cell-mediated anti-viral immunity. 【Methods】 ArntlF/FCD4cre+(KO) in mice was constructed to delete Arntl gene specifically in T cells. We examined the percentage and number of T cell subsets in the thymus and spleen by flow cytometry (FCM). At day 8 after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, the proportions of T cell subsets, virus-specific CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ secreting T cells were analyzed. The viral load in the spleen was measured using qPCR. Naive CD4+ T cells (CD4+CD25-CD44-CD62L+) were sorted by flow cytometry to perform T helper cell differentiation in vitro. 【Results】 The percentage and number of T cells in the thymus and spleen of KO mice showed no significant change compared with those in the control group (ArntlF/FCD4cre- mice, WT) (P>0.05). Acute LCMV infection did not cause observable changes in effector T cell proportion in the spleen of KO mice compared to that in WT mice (P>0.05), but KO mice showed a higher proportion of IFN-γ secreting T cells (P<0.05) and better virus clearance (P<0.05). In addition, naive CD4+ T cells from KO mice were more prone to differentiate into Th1 cells in vitro (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Arntl deletion in T cells does not affect T cell development, but enhances their ability to defend against viral infection by promoting Th1 cell differentiation and response.

Application of posterior gastric mesentery in laparoscopic gastric surgery / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The posterior gastric mesentery is one of the six mesenteries of the stomach in the membrane anatomy theory. It locates in the upper area of the pancreas, surrounds the posterior gastric vessels, and is adjacent to the short gastric mesentery by the left side, and is adjacent to the left gastric mesentery by the right side, which fixes the fundus body to the posterior abdominal wall of the upper area of pancreas. Due to its anatomical structure, in complete mesentery excision (CME)+D2 surgery, it is a surgical approach to deal with gastric mesentery in the upper area of pancreas; the second step of the "Huang's three-step method" corresponds to the posterior gastric mesentery in the theory of membrane anatomy. In the surgery of benign diseases of the stomach, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication, if the short gastric vessels are difficult to be exposed and safely divided, we can dissect the posterior gastric mesentery firstly, and then hoist the fundus of the stomach in order to help dissection of the short gastric vessels. The membrane anatomy theory, as a frontier theory, provides us the new surgical perspectives and paths in gastric surgery.

Clinical analysis of remote intracranial hematoma after interventional embolization of intracranial aneurysm / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and possible mechanisms of remote intracranial hematoma (RIH) in patients with intracranial aneurysm after interventional embolization.Methods:Six patients with RIH from a series of 58 consecutive patients with intracranial aneurysm, admitted to and performed interventional embolization in our hospital from January 2016 and December 2018, were chosen in our study. Their clinical data were analyzed retrospectively and compared with those without RIH at the same period.Results:In these 6 patients, 4 had history of hypertension, 5 had aneurysm located in the internal carotid artery, 5 were treated with stents combined with postoperative routine anticoagulation treatment. The remote intracranial hematoma occurred within 7 d of interventional embolization, and the hematoma was located in the cerebral hemisphere on the same side of the aneurysm; 4 patients underwent intracranial hematoma puncture catheter drainage; 1 patient was treated conservatively, and one was treated by craniotomy. After treatment, 1 patient recovered (modified Rankin scale [mRS] score of 1), 1 patient had poor prognosis (mRS scores of 5) and discharged automatically, and the rest 4 patients (mRS scores of 3-5) left some degrees of neurological dysfunction. As compared with 52 patients without RIH, 6 patients with RIH had significantly higher percentages of patients used stents and postoperatively used anticoagulation, and higher percentages of patients with poor clinical outcomes at discharge ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Stent-assisted coil embolization in patients with internal carotid artery aneurysm combined with hypertension should be highly vigilant about the possibility of RIH.

Quantitative Classification of Murraya paniculata Leaf Traits and Endogenous Hormone Contents Analysis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To carry out germplasm resource evaluation and new variety breeding of <italic>Murraya paniculata</italic> and improve the germplasm quality， so as to ensure the demand， yield and quality of medicinal materials. Method:Following resource investigation and collection， 17 traits of 107 <italic>M. paniculata</italic> germplasm samples， like plant type， basal diameter， leaf shape， leaf length， and leaf width were determined and then subjected to principal component analysis and factor analysis for screening the principal component factors. Nine primary traits were selected as variables for further cluster analysis using Ward's method and Euclidean distance. According to the characteristics of medicinal parts， the core germplasms were screened out. Then the contents of auxin， zeatin， zeatin nucleoside， isopentenyl adenine， isopentenyl adenine riboside， dihydrozeatin， and dihydrozeatinriboside in the leaves were measured by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS/MS）， followed by their correlation analysis with agronomic trait. Result:The variation coefficients of petiole length， branching number， and basal diameter were large. The nine main factors could be classified into four categories， with a contribution rate of 72.822%. The cluster analysis with Ward's method and Euclidean distance showed that 107 germplasm samples were clustered into six clusters and 61 core germplasms were identified. Such traits as leaf length， leaf width， petiole length， leaf surface， and petiole color were found to play an important role in the classification of <italic>M. paniculata</italic> germplasms. The content of zeatin nucleoside exhibited significant positive correlations with leaf length （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， petiole length （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and leaf width （<italic>P</italic><0.05）. Conclusion:These results have laid the foundation for further selection and breeding of <italic>M. paniculata</italic> new varieties.

Neuroendoscopic subtemporal keyhole Kawase approach for trigeminal neurinoma resection: an analysis of four cases / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical experience of neuroendoscopic subtemporal keyhole Kawase approach for trigeminal neurinoma resection.Methods:A retrospective study of general clinical data, postoperative effect and safety was performed in 4 patients with trigeminal neurinoma who underwent resection via neuroendoscopic keyhole Kawase approach in our hospital from September 2018 to June 2019.Results:Total resection was achieved in 4 patients, and there was no death. Two patients suffered from mild postoperative trigeminalnerve dysfunction: one had weak left bite force and facial numbness after surgery, which were not obviously improved after treatment and follow-up; one had left facial numbness and decreased left limb muscle strength after surgery, which were obviously improved after treatment and follow-up. Postoperative complications were not found in the other two patients. Follow-up for 4-13 months showed that all patients had a normal life without tumor recurrence.Conclusion:The approach has obvious advantages, such as minimal invasion, short path, wide exposure range and clear vision, which can help to safely and effectively remove trigeminal neurinoma.

Effect of high fiber diet on activation and function of microglia in mouse brain / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To compare the levels of short-chain fatty acids produced by high-fiber diet and low-fiber diet in the intestinal metabolism of mice for exploring the effects of different fiber diets on the activation and function of microglia in mouse brain. Methods Mice fed with low-fiber and high-fiber diets were detected for the levels of three major short-chain fatty acids (acetic acid, propionic acid, butyrate) in the cecum. The distributions of microglia in the brain of different diet mice were compared by immunofluorescence. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect expressions of genes associated with microglia activation in mouse brain between the above two groups of mice. Results The acetate level in the cecum of mice in high fiber diet group was higher than that of mice in low fiber diet group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the levels of propionic acid and butyrate and the number and distribution of microglia. However, the levels of microglial activation-associated inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, CCL2, CCL5 and CCL7 mRNA were higher in high fiber diet group than in low fiber diet group after the intracranial stimulation by LPS. Conclusion The quantity of fiber in the diet after weaning can affect the maturation and activation of microglia in the brain, which may because of different levels of acetic acid after metabolism of different dietary structures by the intestinal flora.

Antihyperuricemic effect of mangiferin aglycon derivative J99745 by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity and urate transporter 1 expression in mice

A mangiferin aglycon derivative J99745 has been identified as a potent xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor by previous study. This study aimed to evaluate the hypouricemic effects of J99745 in experimental hyperuricemia mice, and explore the underlying mechanisms. Mice were orally administered 600 mg/kg xanthine once daily for 7 days and intraperitoneally injected 250 mg/kg oxonic acid on the 7th day to induce hyperuricemia. Meanwhile, J99745 (3, 10, and 30 mg/kg), allopurinol (20 mg/kg) or benzbromarone (20 mg/kg) were orally administered to mice for 7 days. On the 7th day, uric acid and creatinine in serum and urine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and XOD activities in serum and liver were determined. Morphological changes in kidney were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Hepatic XOD, renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter type 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) were detected by Western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that J99745 at doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg significantly reduced serum urate, and enhanced fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA). H&E staining confirmed that J99745 provided greater nephroprotective effects than allopurinol and benzbromarone. Moreover, serum and hepatic XOD activities and renal URAT1 expression declined in J99745-treated hyperuricemia mice. In consistence with the ability to inhibit XOD, J99745 lowered serum MDA content in hyperuricemia mice. Our results suggest that J99745 exerts urate-lowering effect by inhibiting XOD activity and URAT1 expression, thus representing a promising candidate as an anti-hyperuricemia agent.

Significance of preoperative peripheral blood inflammatory cytokines and blood routine in predicting post-operative DVT in patients with neurosurgery / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the significance of preoperative peripheral serum inflammatory cyto-kines and blood routine in predicting postoperative DVT in patients with neurosurgery.Methods A total of 156 pa-tients from the Department of Neurosurgery form April 2016 to April 2017 were recruited in this study.According to the incidence of postoperative deep venous thrombosis(DVT),patients were divided into DVT group(48 cases) and non-DVT group(108 cases). The date blood routine(including hematocrit,hemoglobin,neutrophil count, monocyte count,white blood cell count,platelet count)and serum inflammatory cytokines(including TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8)of two groups by t tests were compared.The possible risk factors for postoperative DVT in neurosurgical patients were analyzed by multivariate analysis logistic regression.The predicted cutoff value is deter-mined by plotting the subject's working characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Between the control group and DVT group,there were significant differences in preoperative blood neutrophil count,hemoglobin,TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-8(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis logistic regression showed that the level of neutrophil count and concentration of serum TNF-α concentration were increased,indicating they may be the risk factors of DVT.For the neutrophilic granulocyte count,the value of specificity and sensibility was 82.7%and 61.7%respectively.For the TNF-α level, the value of specificity was 72.3% and the value of sensibility was 83.1%. Conclusion The level of preoperative neutrophil count and the concentration of TNF-α have value in predicting the occurrence of postoperative DVT in neurosurgical patients.

Study of significance of head fixation in the chest wall field combined with supraclavicular field radiotherapy for breast cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To explore the importance of head fixation in chest wall field combined with supraclavicular field radiotherapy for breast cancer by comparing the displacement error and dosimetric differences caused by multi-functional body board and breast bracket.Methods Thirty patients with breast cancer were randomly divided into groups A and B.In group A,patients were fixed with multi-functional body board and head thermoplastic film.In group B,patients were fixed with traditional breast brackets.Each patient received CBCT scan before and after radiotherapy.Both setup errors and intra-fractional displacements in the x-,y-and z-axis,V100 and V95 were calculated.Statistical analyses were performed using the independent sample t-test.Results The displacement errors in groups A and B before and after radiotherapy were (1.24± 0.42),(1.71± 0.61) and (2.25± 1.04) mm vs.(3.67± 2.05),(3.78± 1.74),(4.65±2.66) mm in the x-,y-and z-axis,respectively (P=0.033,0.027,0.020).The intra-fractional displacements in groups A and B were (1.10±0.66),(1.13±0.59),(1.11 ±0.62) mm vs.(2.48±0.88),(2.21 ±0.98),(3.53±2.01) mm in the x-,y-and z-axis,respectively (P=0.030,0.021,0.013).The V100 in groups A and B were (94.27± 3.20) ％ and (99.08± 0.60) ％ (P =0.065),and (89.48± 4.70) ％ and (96.53± 2.50) ％ for V95 (P =0.002),respectively.Conclusion The risk of displacement error is significantly reduced using multi-functional body board,which enhances the accuracy of radiation dose in chest wall and supraclavicular fields of breast cancer patients.

Protective effect of astaxanthin against cognitive impairment in offspring prenatally exposed to maternal epilepsy / 中华围产医学杂志

Objective To investigate the protective effect of prenatal astaxanthin treatment against cognitive impairment in adult offspring induced by exposure to maternal seizures in utero.Methods Female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group,astaxanthin group,kindling group and kindling+astaxanthin group.Each rat was implanted with electrodes.Those in the kindling and kindling+astaxanthin groups were kindled once a day by electrical stimulation of the amygdala.All rats were allowed to mate after one week's amygdala kindling.Rats in the kindling and kindling+astaxanthin groups continued to be treated with electrical stimulation every 48 hours from gestational day 1 to 20,and those in the astaxanthin and kindling+astaxanthin groups were injected intraperitoneally with 30 mg/(kg · d) of astaxanthin simultaneously.Naturally delivered offspring were raised till 12 weeks of age.Morris water maze test was performed to assess the cognitive function of adult offspring.Changes in the morphology of hippocampus were observed with Nissal's staining and transmission electron microscope.Expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in adult offsprings' hippocampus tissues at protein and mRNA levels were determined using Western-blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Analysis of variance and LSD test were used as statistical methods.Results Morris water maze test showed that from the 3rd day to the 5th day,the kindling group had significantly longer escape latency [(36.33 ±7.85),(28.80± 8.41),(29.50± 11.72) s] than the control [(28.90±7.46),(17.59±9.12),(10.40±3.69) s] and kindling+astaxanthin groups [(28.30±5.75),(18.37±3.39),(15.23±6.63) s] (F=3.601,9.811 and 14.226,all P＜0.05).In probe trials,the kindling group had significantly fewer platform crossings as compared with the control and kindling+astaxanthin groups [(4.40± 1.71) vs (7.20± 1.62) and (6.50±1.84) times,F=6.586,P=0.001].The kindling group spent dramatically less time in the target quadrant than the control and kindling+astaxanthin groups [(27.35±7.63) vs (58.29± 10.48) and (40.41 ± 7.06) s,F=25.825,P＜0.001].Nissl staining showed that hippocampal neurons of offspring in the control group were normal,but there was hippocampal damage in the kindling group and the damage was more severe than that in the kindling+astaxanthin group.Electron microscope observation showed that neurons and synapses in the hippocampal CA1 area of offspring in the control group were normal.However,obvious damage to neurons and synapses was induced in the kindling group and that was worse than the damage induced in the kindling+astaxanthin group.Expression of CREB and BDNF protein in the kindling group (0.19±0.06and 0.32 ±0.04,respectively) were significantly lower than those in the control (0.81 ±0.11 and 0.93 ± 0.04,respectively) and kindling+astaxanthin groups (0.60± 0.07 and 0.80±0.06,respectively) (F were 34.015and 71.074,both P＜0.001).Moreover,the kindling group showed decreased expression of CREB and BDNF mRNA (0.48 ± 0.11 and 0.43± 0.08,respectively) as compared with the control (1.02± 0.65 and 0.99± 0.09,respectively) and kindling+astaxanthin groups (0.89±0.15 and 0.96±0.13,respectively) (F were 13.447 and 21.912,both P＜0.01).Conclusion Treatment with astaxanthin could ameliorate the cognitive impairment and pathological damage in hippocampus of adult offspring induced by exposure to maternal seizures in utero through regulating the CREB-BDNF signal pathway.

Clinical results of HCR compared with OPCABG on two-vessel coronary artery disease with proximal left anterior descending stenosis: a propensity-score-matched follow-up study / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective·To explore the difference between hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) and off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) on two-vessel coronary artery disease with proximal left anterior descending stenosis with propensity score matching.Methods·The patients with two-vessel coronary artery disease with proximal left anterior descending stenosis who underwent isolated HCR or OPCABG were selected in Ruijin Hospital from January 2009 to December 2016.The propensity score methodology was used to obtain risk-adjusted outcome.Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to estimation of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free survival rate and target vessel revascularization (TVR)-free survival rate.Results·The average follow-up time was 59 months (13-104 months).The length of hospital stay of HCR group was significantly shorter than that of OPCABG group [(15.3±4.5) d vs (17.6±5.4) d,P=0.027].There was no statistical difference in other short-term clinical endpoints in hospital.In midterm,there was no statistical difference in the rate of MACCE (11.4％ vs 13.3％,P=0.968),death (2.3％ vs 4.4％,P=0.984),myocardial infarction (2.3％ vs 2.2％,P=0.485),stroke (4.5％ vs 6.7％,P=0.979) and TVR (4.5％ vs 2.2％,P=0.984) between two groups.And there was no statistical difference in MACCE-free survival rate (P=0.906) and TVR-free survival rate (P=0.541) between two groups.Conclusion·HCR provides favorable midterm outcomes for selected patients with two-vessel coronary artery disease with proximal left anterior descending stenosis.It might provide a promising alternative to OPCABG.