Clinical characteristics and prognosis analysis of 53 cases of drowning in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and first aid measures of children with drowning，and to provide scientific basis for the treatment and prevention of drowning in children.Methods:The clinical data of drowning children admitted to the Children's Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University（Hunan Provincial People's Hospital）from January 2011 to December 2021 were retrospectively summarized. Baseline characteristics，prehospital emergency care and prognosis of the included children were analyzed.According to the time span, drowning children were divided into two stages, the first stage (2011-2016) and the second stage (2017-2021). According to cerebral performance category assessment scale,drowning children with cardiac arrest were divided into two groups: a group with good neurological prognosis and a group with poor neurological prognosis. The baseline characteristics,pre-hospital emergency care, and prognosis of drowning children during different periods and with different prognosis were analyzed.Results:A total of 53 children were enrolled during the study period，with 24 cases in the first phase（2011-2016）and 29 cases in the second phase（2017-2021）.Boys accounted for 73.6%（39/53）of the cases, the age ranged from 1 month and 24 days to 14 years old，with 1-4 years old being the most common，accounting for 58.5%（31/53）, and the season in which drowning occurred was more common in the summer（39.6%, 21/53）.Six cases (11.3%) had significant neurological sequelae, and the mortality rate was 3.8%（2/53）.There was a decrease in the proportion of drowning with water control in the second stage compared to the first stage（37.5% vs. 13.79%, P=0.046）.Thirty-two（60.4%）children experienced on-site cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) after drowning，with 24 cases in the group with good neurological prognosis and 8 cases in the group with poor neurological prognosis.Children in the poor neurological prognosis group required CPR for a long duration [10.00（1.50, 25.00）min]，had lower body temperature，Glasgow Coma Score，pH and higher blood glucose levels on admission（all P < 0.05）. Conclusion:Drowning is most common in preschool children，common in boys，and drowning prevention measures for young children deserve focused attention. Children found to be in cardiac arrest at the time of drowning have a long duration of drowning and CPR，which predicts a poor neurological prognosis，and timely and effective on-site CPR is the key to reducing the drowning rate.

Risk factors for death from severe community-acquired pneumonia in children / 中国小儿急救医学

Severe community-acquired pneumonia(SCAP) is one of the leading causes of death in children.Early identification of risk factors in children with SCAP,accurate assessment of disease conditions and reduction of mortality in children with SCAP are important tasks at present.The death risk factors of SCAP in children are affected by many factors,which are different among countries,regions and families.At present,the relevant prospective studies and retrospective studies are not comprehensive.This review summarized the literatures on the risk factors of SCAP death in children at home and abroad in recent years,to provide the basis for the diagnosis of childhood SCAP.

Role of ROS in attenuation of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in rat cardiomyocytes by pinacidil postconditioning: relationship with Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in attenuation of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat cardiomyocytes by pinacidil postconditioning and the relationship with nuclear factor erythrid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway.Methods:Adult rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured and then divided into 4 groups ( n=20 each) by a random number table method: control group (group C), H/R group, pinacidil postconditioning group (group P) and reactive oxygen scavenger N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine(MPG)+ pinacidil postconditioning group (group MPG+ P). Group C was continuously exposed to 95%O 2+ 5%CO 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 105 min. The cells were exposed to 5%CO 2+ 1%O 2+ 94%N 2 in an incubator at 37 ℃ for 45 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min to prepare H/R injury model. The cells were exposed to hypoxia for 45 min and then treated with pinacidil 50 μmol/L for 5 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min in group P. The cells were exposed to hypoxia for 45 min, treated with MPG 2 mmol/L for 10 min, and then treated with pinacidil for 5 min followed by reoxygenation for 60 min in group MPG+ P. The content of Ca 2+ and activity of Nrf2 in cardiomyocytes were measured at the end of reoxygenation. The ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was observed, and mitochondrial ultrastructure was evaluated using mitochondrial Flameng score. The expression of Nrf2, superoxide dismutase (SOD1), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) protein and mRNA was detected using Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results:Compared with group C, the Ca 2+ content, Nrf2 activity and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly increased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was aggravated in group H/R. Compared with H/R group, the Ca 2+ content and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly decreased, the Nrf2 activity was increased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was up-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was attenuated in P group. Compared with P group, the Ca 2+ content and mitochondrial Flameng score were significantly increased, the Nrf2 activity was decreased, the expression of Nrf2, SOD1, NQO1 and HO-1 protein and mRNA was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the damage to the ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes was aggravated in MPG+ P group. Conclusions:ROS is involved in attenuation of H/R injury by pinacidil postconditioning, which is associated with activation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rat cardiomyocytes.

Factors and Their Impact on Treatment Effect of Acupuncture in Different Outcomes: A Meta-Regression of Acupuncture Randomized Controlled Trials / 中国结合医学杂志

BACKGROUND@#The effects of acupuncture have varied in different randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and there are many factors that influence treatment effect of acupuncture in different outcomes, with conflicting results.@*OBJECTIVE@#To identify factors and their impact on the treatment effect of acupuncture in different outcomes.@*METHODS@#Acupuncture RCTs were searched from 7 databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database, and China Biology Medicine disc between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2019. Eligible studies must compare acupuncture to no acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or waiting lists, and report at least 1 patient-important outcome. A multi-level meta-regression was conducted using a 3-level robust mixed model and univariate analyses were performed for all independent variables, even those excluded from the multivariable model due to collinearities. We used thresholds of 0.2 and 0.4 for the difference of standardized mean differences (SMDs), categorising them as small (<0.2), moderate (0.2-0.4), or large (>0.4) effects.@*RESULTS@#The pain construct analysis involved 211 effect estimates from 153 studies and 14 independent variables. High-frequency acupuncture treatment sessions produced larger effects compared to low-frequency sessions [large magnitude, the difference of adjusted SMDs 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07 to 0.84; P=0.02]. The non-pain symptoms construct analysis comprised 323 effect estimates from 231 studies and 15 independent variables. Penetrating acupuncture showed moderately larger effects when compared to non-penetrating acupuncture (0.30, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.53; P=0.01). The function construct analysis included 495 effect estimates from 274 studies and 14 independent variables. Penetrating acupuncture and the flexible acupuncture regimen showed moderately larger effects, compared to non-penetrating acupuncture and fixed regimen, respectively (0.40, 95% CI 0 to 0.80; P=0.05; 0.29, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.53; P=0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#High-frequency acupuncture sessions appear to be a more effective approach to managing painful symptoms. Penetrating acupuncture demonstrated greater effect in relieving non-painful symptoms. Both penetrating acupuncture type and flexible acupuncture regimen were linked to significant treatment effects in function outcomes. Future studies should consider the factors that are significantly associated with the effects of acupuncture in patient-important outcomes.

Distribution and function of cariogenic bacteria in supragingival plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To investigate the distribution characteristics and functional genes of cariogenic bacteria in oral microorganisms of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to improve the understanding of the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and dental caries.@*Methods@#The experimental group included 10 patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University. The normal control group included healthy oral subjects without type 2 diabetes in the community population (10 cases). Samples of supragingival plaque from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and normal controls were collected and sequenced. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis of cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans were carried out.@*Results@#There were slightly fewer cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans in supragingival plaque samples of type 2 diabetic patients than in normal controls, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The results of KEGG pathway functional metabolic differences showed that the metabolic pathways of D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, biofilm formation-Escherichia coli, carolactam degradation and arginine biosynthesis were more abundant in the T2DM group than in the normal control group, while metabolic pathways such as tyrosine metabolism, selenocompound metabolism and pyruvate metabolism showed the opposite trend. @*Conclusion @#There was no significant difference in the content of cariogenic microorganisms between type 2 diabetic patients and normal control group. The differential metabolic pathways of the functional genes indicated that an increase in the arginine metabolic pathway was beneficial to the maintenance of acid-base balance in the oral microecological environment.

Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus in Comparison with Continuous Epidural Infusion for the Effects of Enhanced Recovery after Cesarean Section / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of programmed intermittent epidural bolus （PIEB） and continuous epidural infusion （CEI） on enhanced recovery after cesarean section. MethodsTotally 120 women scheduled to undergo elective cesarean section under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia， aged 18-45 years， with single fetus， full-term pregnancy （≥37 weeks）， ASA grade II or III， were recruited， with 60 cases in each group. At the end of the surgery， after a similar epidural loading dose， patients were randomLy assigned to receive either PIEB （6 mL·h-1 beginning 30 minutes after the loading dose） or CEI （6 mL·h-1， beginning immediately after the loading dose） for the maintenance of analgesia with 0.1% ropivacaine. At 2， 6， 12， 24 and 36 h postoperatively， VAS score was used to evaluate the composite pain， and Bromage Score was used to evaluate the degree of lower extremity motor block. The time to first flatus， time to first ambulation and the satisfaction scores were also recorded. ResultsThe VAS scores at 12， 24 and 36 h postoperatively and the lower extremity motor block scores at 6， 12 and 24 h postoperatively in the PIEB group were significantly lower than those in the CEI group （P < 0.01）. The epidural analgesic dosage was less in the PIEB group than that of the CEI group （P=0.002）. The time to first flatus and time to first ambulation were significantly shorter than those in the CEI group （P < 0.05）. The satisfaction scores were significantly higher in the PIEB group than in the CEI group （P < 0.05）. There was no significant difference in the first urination time after urinary catheter removal and the length of hospital stay between the two groups （P > 0.05）. ConclusionCompared with CEI， PIEB provides better postoperative analgesia， less motor block scores， lower epidural analgesic dosage， shorter the time to first flatus and defecation and time to first ambulation， and greater patient satisfaction， which is more consistent with the ERAS concept of analgesia.

Scoping review of progress in cohort studies of autism spectrum disorder / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the status of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cohort studies and explore the feasibility of constructing ASD disease-specific cohorts based on real-world data (RWD). Methods: ASD cohort studies published by December 2022 were collected by literature retrieval from major Chinese and English databases. And the characteristics of the cohort were summarized. Results: A total of 1 702 ASD cohort studies were included, and only 60 (3.53%) were from China. A total of 163 ASD-related cohorts were screened, of which 55.83% were birth cohorts, 28.22% were ASD-specific cohorts, and 4.91% were ASD high-risk cohorts. Most cohorts used RWD such as hospital registries or conducted community-based field surveys to obtain participant information and identified patients with ASD by scales or clinical diagnoses. The contents of the studies included ASD incidence and prognostic risk factors, ASD comorbidity patterns and the impact of ASD on self-health and their offspring's health. Conclusions: ASD cohort studies in developed countries have been in the advanced stage, while the Chinese studies are still in their infancy. RWD provides the data basis for ASD-specific cohort construction and offers new opportunities for research, but work such as case validation is still needed to ensure the scientific nature of cohort construction.

Diffuse midline glioma with H3K27 alteration in adults: a clinicopathological analysis / 中华病理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, pathological diagnosis and prognosis of diffuse midline glioma (DMG) with H3K27 alteration in adults. Methods: Twenty cases of H3K27-altered adult DMG diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled from 2017 to 2022. All cases were evaluated by clinical and imaging presentations, HE, immunohistochemical staining and molecular genetics; and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The ratio of male to female was 1∶1, and the median age was 53 years (range from 25 to 74 years); the tumors were located in the brainstem (3/20, 15%) and non-brainstem (17/20, 85%; three in thoracolumbar spinal cord and one in pineal region). The clinical manifestations were non-specific, mostly dizziness, headache, blurred vision, memory loss, low back pain, limb sensation and/or movement disorders, etc. Microscopically, the tumors showed infiltrative growth, with WHO grade 2 (3 cases), grade 3 (12 cases), and grade 4 (5 cases). The tumors showed astrocytoma-like and oligdendroglioma-like, pilocytic astrocytoma-like and epithelioid-like patterns. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for GFAP, Olig2 and H3K27M, and H3K27me3 expression was variably lost. ATRX expression was lost in four cases, p53 was strongly positive in 11 cases. Ki-67 index was about 5%-70%. Molecular genetics showed p. k27m mutation in exon 1 of H3F3A gene in 20 cases; BRAF mutation in two cases: V600E and L597Q mutation in one case each. Follow up intervals ranged from 1 to 58 months, and the survival time for brainstem (6.0 months) and non-brainstem (30.4 months) tumors was significantly different (P<0.05). Conclusions: DMG with H3K27 alteration is uncommonly found in adults, mostly occurs in non-brainstem, and can present in adults of all ages. Owing to the wide histomorphologic features, mainly astrocytic differentiation, routine detection of H3K27me3 in midline glioma is recommended. Molecular testing should be performed on any suspected cases to avoid missed diagnosis. Concomitant BRAF L597Q mutation and PPM1D mutation are novel findings. The overall prognosis of this tumor is poor, with tumors located in the brainstem showing worse outcome.

Identification of chemical components and network pharmacology of Huanglian Decoction based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology / 中国中药杂志

The chemical components of Huanglian Decoction were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) technology. The gradient elution was conducted in Agilent ZORBAX Extend-C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution(A)-acetonitrile(B) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL·min~(-1) and the column temperature of 35 ℃. The MS adopted the positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization(ESI), and the MS data were collected under the scanning range of m/z 100-1 500. Through high-resolution MS data analysis, combined with literature comparison and confirmation of reference substances, this paper identified 134 chemical components in Huanglian Decoction, including 12 alkaloids, 23 flavonoids, 22 terpenes and saponins, 12 phenols, 7 coumarins, 12 amino acids, 23 organic acids, and 23 other compounds, and the medicinal sources of the compounds were ascribed. Based on the previous studies, 7 components were selected as the index components. Combined with the network pharmacology research and analysis me-thods, the protein and protein interaction(PPI) network information of the intersection targets was obtained through the STRING 11.0 database, and 20 core targets of efficacy were screened out. In this study, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was successfully used to comprehensively analyze and identify the chemical components of Huanglian Decoction, and the core targets of its efficacy were discussed in combination with network pharmacology, which laid the foundation for clarifying the material basis and quality control of Huanglian Decoction.

Fidelity in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research: application and reflection / 中国针灸

As an indicator that measures the degree of implementation of intervention measures during the implementation process, fidelity could be used for monitoring and quality evaluation of the completion degree of intervention measures, and plays an important role in improving the degree of intervention implementation and clarifying the factors that affect intervention implementation. This article aims to introduce the connotation and significance, measurement, control, and current application status of fidelity, as well as the current application status of fidelity in acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research and its inspiration for future research. Meanwhile, based on the existing evaluation tool development methods of fidelity and the characteristics of acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research, a preliminary fidelity evaluation framework is proposed. Introducing fidelity into acupuncture-moxibustion clinical research could improve the implementation quality and compliance of acupuncture-moxibustion in clinical research, increase the credibility and effectiveness of clinical research results, and promote the transformation of acupuncture-moxibustion experience into easily learnable and promotable treatment plans.

Progress in application of adult endogenous neurogenesis in brain injury repair / 生理学报

Persistent neurogenesis exists in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the adult mammalian brain. Adult endogenous neurogenesis not only plays an important role in the normal brain function, but also has important significance in the repair and treatment of brain injury or brain diseases. This article reviews the process of adult endogenous neurogenesis and its application in the repair of traumatic brain injury (TBI) or ischemic stroke, and discusses the strategies of activating adult endogenous neurogenesis to repair brain injury and its practical significance in promoting functional recovery after brain injury.

The mechanism of modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation / 药学学报

We used network pharmacology to predict the mechanism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via modified Gan Cao Fu Zi Decoction (GCFZ), and validated the results of the analysis and explored the pharmacodynamic effects of GCFZ through animal experiments. Firstly, TCMID, SymMap, HERB, STITCH and GEO databases were utilized to obtain the target genes of GCFZ for the treatment of RA, which yielded a total of 1 250 differentially expressed genes for RA, 534 genes for GCFZ targets and 83 intersecting genes. Then functional enrichment analysis of the intersecting genes was performed through GO and KEGG databases, and the results revealed that GCFZ and its active ingredients mainly functioned through cytokine pathways, where chemokine signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway were enriched with a high number of genes. Cytoscape 3.8.0 software was used to construct the drug-target-disease network and screen key proteins, which included TNF, C-X-C chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-X-C chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), C-C chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5), C-X-C chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). The molecular docking technology was used to confirm the binding ability of the main active ingredients of GCFZ to the core proteins. Additionally, the therapeutic effects of GCFZ in low (4 g·kg-1), medium (8 g·kg-1) and high (16 g·kg-1) dose groups were investigated by constructing the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. X-ray imaging approach, HE staining and Safranin O-Fast Green staining showed that GCFZ treatment significantly improved bone destruction, synovial hyperplasia and cartilage damage in CIA rats, while immunofluorescence results showed that GCFZ treatment could regulate the expression of TNF, CXCL8 and CCL5. In summary, our results indicate that GCFZ contains a variety of small molecule pharmacodynamic substances, which can exert therapeutic effects via multiple targets and pathways, and obviously reduce the symptoms of arthritis in CIA rats. This animal experiment of our research was approved by the Experimental Animal Management and Ethics Committee of Bengbu Medical College.

Acupuncture for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: an overview of systematic reviews / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To evaluate the report quality, methodological quality and evidence quality of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) of acupuncture for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET).@*METHODS@#The SRs/MAs of acupuncture for IVF-ET were searched electronically from databases of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, from inception of each database to September 27th, 2022. Two reviewers independently screened the literature and extracted the data. Using PRISMA statement, the AMSTAR 2 scale and the GRADE system, the report quality, methodological quality and evidence quality of the included SRs/MAs were assessed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 28 SRs/MAs were included, with PRISMA scores ranging from 8.5 points to 27 points. The problems of report quality focused on protocol and registration, retrieval, risk of bias in studies, additional analysis, limitations and funding. The methodological quality of included studies was generally low, reflecting on items 2, 3, 7, 10, 12 and 16. A total of 85 outcome indexes were included in the GRADE system for evidence grade evaluation. Most of the evidences were low or very low in quality. The reasons for the downgrade were related to study limitations, inconsistency, imprecision and publication bias.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Acupuncture therapy improves the outcomes of IVF-ET, but the methodological quality and evidence quality of related SRs/MAs are low. It is recommended to conduct more high-quality studies in the future to provide more reliable evidences.

Gender differences with carotid atherosclerotic plaque： a metabolomic study based on UPLC-MS / 中风与神经疾病杂志

@#Objective The purpose of this study is to explore the differences of urine metabolites in carotid atherosclerotic plaque patients of different sexes， explore the different pathogenesis of carotid atherosclerotic plaque in men and women， and try to explain the biological differences caused by gender. Methods Urine of 28 men and 14 women with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were collected and analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry （UPLC-MS）. Perform metabolomics data analysis based on the Metaboanalysis website to identify differential metabolites between male and female patients. In order to further understand the function of metabolites， biological function and pathway enrichment analysis were conducted on metabolites. Results There were significant differences in the expression of 34 metabolites in the urine of patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque of different sexes. The functions of these metabolites are mainly enriched in histidine metabolism，β-Alanine metabolism， arginine biosynthesis，pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis，and glutathione metabolism pathways. Conclusion There are significant differences in urine metabolic profiles between male and female patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque.

To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with papillary thyroid cancer(PTC)by age grouping.Methods:The patients were divided into three groups according to age at diagnosis: old(≥60 years, 90 cases), middle(40-59 years, 359 cases)and young patients(<40 years, 203 cases). The clinical data of 652 patients with PTC who were admitted to the Department of Thyroid Surgery of Beijing Hospital from December 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into elderly group(≥60 years old, 90 cases), middle-aged group(40-59 years old, 359 cases)and young group(<40 years old, 203 cases). The clinical characteristics, ultrasound characteristics and invasion-related factors of patients in different groups were analyzed by statistical methods.Results:Compared with the young and middle-aged group, the elderly patients with PTC had a higher proportion of microcarcinoma(75.6%, 75.2%, 61.4%, χ2=13.054, P=0.001), less cervical lymph node metastasis(24.4%, 34.3%, 58.1%, χ2=41.650, P<0.001), and lower proportion of metastatic lymph nodes(0.08, 0.14, 0.24, χ2=40.618, P<0.001). There was no significant difference in tumor location and extra glandular invasion among the three age groups(35.56%, 36.2%, 38.4%, χ2=0.959, P=0.545). Conclusions:Compared with the young and middle-aged groups, PTC showed low invasiveness in the elderly population.In addition to surgical treatment, for elderly patients with low-risk clinical characteristics, it is worth performing a further study on whether careful observation or palliative treatment can be selected after comprehensive evaluation.

Role of succinate dehydrogenase in hypoxic postconditioning-induced reduction of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in myocardial cells of rats and the relationship with mito-K ATP / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the role of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in hypoxic postconditioning (HPC)-induced reduction of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in myocardial cells of rats and the relationship with mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mito-K ATP). Methods:Myocardial cells isolated from adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured for 48 h and then divided into 7 groups ( n=24 each) using a random number table method: blank control group (Nor group), H/R group, SDHA-siRNA adenovirus+ H/R group (siRNA+ H/R group), HPC group, SDHA-siRNA adenovirus+ HPC group (siRNA+ HPC group), 5-HD+ HPC group, and SDHA-siRNA adenovirus+ 5-HD+ HPC group (siRNA+ 5-HD+ HPC group). Nor group was continuously cultured for 195 min under normoxic conditions. The H/R injury model was prepared by exposing the cells to hypoxia for 45 min in 5% CO 2 + 1% O 2 + 94% N 2, followed by reoxygenation for 150 min. The HPC method involved three cycles of 5 min reoxygenation/5 min hypoxia at the end of 45 min ischemia before 120 min reoxygenation. The mito-K ATP blocker 5-HD administration method involved adding 5-HD at a final concentration of 100 μmol/L at 30 min of hypoxia. The myocardial cells in each siRNA group were successfully transfected with SDHA-siRNA adenovirus to silence SDHA expression. The cell viability, calcium ion level, SDH activity, ATP content, degree of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opening, and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured at the end of reoxygenation. Results:Compared with Nor group, the cell viability, ATP content and MMP were significantly decreased, and the degree of mPTP opening, level of calcium ion and activity of SDH were increased in H/R group ( P<0.05). Compared with H/R group, the cell viability, ATP content and MMP were significantly increased, and the degree of mPTP opening, calcium ion level and SDH activity were decreased in siRNA+ H/R group and HPC group ( P<0.05). Compared with HPC group, the cell viability, ATP content and MMP were significantly decreased, and the degree of mPTP opening, calcium ion level and SDH activity were increased in 5-HD+ HPC group ( P<0.05), and the cell viability, ATP content and MMP were significantly increased, and the degree of mPTP opening, calcium ion level and SDH activity were decreased in siRNA+ HPC group ( P<0.05). Compared with siRNA+ HPC group, the cell viability, ATP content and MMP were significantly decreased, the opening degree of mPTP and calcium ion level were increased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the SDH activity in siRNA+ 5-HD+ HPC group ( P>0.05). Compared with 5-HD+ HPC group, the SDH activity was significantly decreased, and no significant change was found in the other parameters in siRNA+ 5-HD+ HPC group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:HPC alleviates H/R injury probably by reducing SDH activity and opening mito-K ATP in myocardial cells of rats.

Epidemiological analysis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Hunan from 2013 to 2021 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae ( Mp) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia in Hunan Province and to provide a theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of Mp infection in children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in the Children′s Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (Hunan Provincial People′s Hospital) from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:A total of 55 681 children with community-acquired pneumonia were enrolled during the study period, of whom 27.24% (15 170/55 681) were tested positive for Mp. The positive rate was lower in boys than in girls (23.39% vs 33.39%, χ 2=665.998, P<0.001). The positive rate of Mp infection increased with age with the highest rate in children who were 5-14 years old (67.92%) and the lowest in infants less than one year old (6.38%). The detection rates of Mp infection varied between years with the highest rate in 2019 (38.31%). The positive rates of Mp infection during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020-2021 were similar to those in 2013-2018. Among the children hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia, the detection rate of Mp was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring (χ 2=648.753, P<0.001), with the highest detection rate reaching to 56.91% in the summer of 2019. In contrast, the detection rates of Mp in the spring and summer of 2020 were 15.60% and 17.44%, respectively, being the lowest detection rates ever for spring and summer, while the detection rates in the autumn and winter rebounded (31.22% and 28.48%). During the Mp epidemic in 2019, the age at onset, the proportion of severe pneumonia and the cost of treatment were higher as compared with those in other years. In 2020, the number of cases positive for Mp was the lowest on record, as was the proportion of severe pneumonia and admission rate to PICU ( P<0.001). Conclusions:In hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia, there were gender, age and season differences in Mp infection. In the summer of 2019, there was a Mp epidemic in Hunan Province, which increased the proportion of severe pneumonia and the cost of treatment. After the outbreak of COVID-19, the rate of Mp infection dropped significantly in the spring of in 2020 as well as in the summer, but rebounded in the autumn and winter. This might be due to the strict restrictive measures taken early during the COVID-19 pandemic that effectively controlled the spread of Mp.

Expression of Mas1 receptor in human placenta and its effect on the function of trophoblast cells in pre-eclampsia patients / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression change of the Mas1 receptor in the placenta of healthy pregnant women during different gestation periods, analyze the expression level of the Mas1 receptor in the placenta of pre-eclampsia (PE) patients, and its biological function in trophoblast cells. Methods: Placental villous tissues were collected from normal pregnant women in early, mid and late pregnancy. Human trophoblast stem cells were isolated and cultured from early pregnancy villous tissues. The expression of the Mas1 receptor was detected by fluorescence immunoassay and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. In a case-control study, patients with full-term PE were selected as the case group and healthy women with full-term pregnancy were selected as the control group. Placental villus tissues were collected from both groups. Immunofluorescence chemistry and immunoprotein blotting were used to study the changes in Mas1 receptor expression in PE. Mas1 receptor agonists and blockers induced HTR8/Svneo cells and BeWo cells, and the effects of the Mas1 receptor on the proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells were detected by the CCK8 proliferation test and scratch test. Results: Eight cases were included in early pregnancy, seven cases in mid-pregnancy and six cases in late pregnancy. Mas1 receptors in normal placental villi tissue were mainly expressed in human trophoblast stem cell membranes and cytoplasm, and the expression of Mas1 receptor mRNA in villi tissue was significantly higher in late pregnancy than in mid-pregnancy. There were 24 cases included in the case group and 12 cases in the control group. Mas1 receptor expression in placental villi was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group; Activation/inhibition of the Mas1 receptor had no significant effect on the proliferation of HTR8/Svneo cells and BeWo cells. Activated Mas1 receptor had no significant effect on the migration ability of HTR8/Svneo cells. Conclusion: Mas1 receptors are expressed in placental villous tissue and their expression varies with gestation. Mas1 receptor expression is reduced in PE patients, but it does not affect the value-added or migratory function of trophoblast cells.

Expression of Mas1 receptor in human placenta and its effect on the function of trophoblast cells in pre-eclampsia patients / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression change of the Mas1 receptor in the placenta of healthy pregnant women during different gestation periods, analyze the expression level of the Mas1 receptor in the placenta of pre-eclampsia (PE) patients, and its biological function in trophoblast cells. Methods: Placental villous tissues were collected from normal pregnant women in early, mid and late pregnancy. Human trophoblast stem cells were isolated and cultured from early pregnancy villous tissues. The expression of the Mas1 receptor was detected by fluorescence immunoassay and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. In a case-control study, patients with full-term PE were selected as the case group and healthy women with full-term pregnancy were selected as the control group. Placental villus tissues were collected from both groups. Immunofluorescence chemistry and immunoprotein blotting were used to study the changes in Mas1 receptor expression in PE. Mas1 receptor agonists and blockers induced HTR8/Svneo cells and BeWo cells, and the effects of the Mas1 receptor on the proliferation and migration of trophoblast cells were detected by the CCK8 proliferation test and scratch test. Results: Eight cases were included in early pregnancy, seven cases in mid-pregnancy and six cases in late pregnancy. Mas1 receptors in normal placental villi tissue were mainly expressed in human trophoblast stem cell membranes and cytoplasm, and the expression of Mas1 receptor mRNA in villi tissue was significantly higher in late pregnancy than in mid-pregnancy. There were 24 cases included in the case group and 12 cases in the control group. Mas1 receptor expression in placental villi was significantly lower in the case group compared to the control group; Activation/inhibition of the Mas1 receptor had no significant effect on the proliferation of HTR8/Svneo cells and BeWo cells. Activated Mas1 receptor had no significant effect on the migration ability of HTR8/Svneo cells. Conclusion: Mas1 receptors are expressed in placental villous tissue and their expression varies with gestation. Mas1 receptor expression is reduced in PE patients, but it does not affect the value-added or migratory function of trophoblast cells.

Resveratrol promotes autophagy through zinc ion and induces cardiomyocyte protection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate whether resveratrol (Resveratrol, Res) induces cardiomyocyte protection by increasing intracellular zinc ion and its possible signal mechanism. Methods H9c2 cells were routinely cultured and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was used to establish an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) model. The experiment was randomly divided into control group, 2-DG group, Res +2-DG group, TPEN + Res + 2-DG group and 3-MA + Res +2-DG group. Cell viability was detected by MTT and CCK-8; the expression levels of ERS molecular chaperone proteins glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and autophagy proteins LC3 II / I, p62 and p-AMPK were detected by Western blot; the expression of LC3 protein was measured by cellular immunofluorescence; the mitochondrial membrane potential (Aijjm) and the intracellular zinc ion level were measured by laser scanning confocal microscope. Results Compared with the control group, 2-DG reduced cell activity and resveratrol inhibited the changes caused by 2-DG, which was reversed by zinc chelator TPEN. 2-DG increased GRP78 and GRP94 expression and resveratrol inhibited the protein changes caused by 2-DG, which was reversed by TPEN. 2-DG increased the expression of LC3 II / I, p-AMPK and decreased the expression of p62, and resveratrol promoted the effect of 2-DG. 2-DG increased the fluorescence intensity of LC3, and resveratrol enhanced the effect of 2-DG, which was reversed by TPEN and 3-MA. 2-DG reduced the red fluorescence intensity of mitochondrial TMRE and green fluorescence intensity of intracellular zinc ions, and resveratrol inhibited these changes caused by 2-DG, which was also reversed by TPEN and 3-MA. The above differences were all statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusion Resveratrol increases intracellular zinc to promote ERS-induced autophagy and prevent the mPTP opening in H9c2 cardiac cells.