Establishment of a chronic rhinosinusitis model in C57BL/6J mice / 医学研究生学报

Objective Streptococcus pneumoniae is one of the main pathogenic factors of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). This study was to explore the method of establishing a CRS model in C57BL/6J mice.Methods Thirty C57BL/6J mice were equally randomized into a CRS model, a sham operation and a blank control group. The CRS model was made by implanting type-Ⅲ streptococcus pneumoniae in the maxillary sinuses, the mice of the sham operation group underwent opening and suturing of the maxillary sinuses without implantation of any streptococcus pneumonia, while the blank controls did not receive any operation. Two months later, all the mice were sacrificed and the nasal sinus mucosal tissue was harvested, embedded with paraffin, sectioned, and subjected to HE staining, followed by observation of the pathological changes under the microscope.Results The CRS model mice exhibited significant proliferation and disorderly arrangement of epithelial cells in the nasal mucosal tissue, with degeneration, necrosis, exfoliation, ulceration, goblet cell proliferation, gland and tissue hyperplasia, and infiltration of lymphocytes, plasmocytes and monocytes. No obvious inflammation was observed in the sham operation and blank control groups. The pathology index score of the nasal sinus mucosal tissue was significantly higher in the CRS model than in the sham operation and blank control groups (\[14.800±5.200\] vs \[2.000±2.906\] and \[1.800±2.098\], P0.05).Conclusion The CRS model was successfully established in mice, which has provided some reference for the construction of the CRS model in animals.

Electro-acupuncture treatment for internet addiction: Evidence of normalization of impulse control disorder in adolescents / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts of electro-acupuncture (EA) and psychological intervention (PI) on impulsive behavior among internet addiction (IA) adolescents.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two IA adolescents were allocated to either EA (16 cases) or PI (16 cases) group by a randomized digital table. Subjects in the EA group received EA treatment and subjects in the PI group received cognition and behavior therapy. All adolescents underwent 45-d intervention. Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited into a control group. Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) scores, Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) as well as the ratio of brain N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) to creatine (NAA/Cr) and choline (Cho) to creatine (Cho/Cr) were recorded by magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after intervention respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IAT scores and BIS-11 total scores in both EA and PI group were remarkably decreased after treatment (P<0.05), while EA group showed more significant decrease in certain BIS-11 sub-factors (P<0.05). Both NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr were significantly improved in EA group after treatment (P<0.05); however, there were no significant changes of NAA/Cr or Cho/Cr in PI group after treatment (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both EA and PI had significantly positive effect on IA adolescents, especially in the aspects of psychological experiences and behavioral expressions, EA might have an advantage over PI in terms of impulsivity control and brain neuron protection. The mechanism underlying this advantage might be related to the increased NAA and Cho levels in prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture combined psycho-intervention on cognitive function and event-related potentials P300 and mismatch negativity in patients with internet addiction / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of comprehensive therapy (CT) with electroacupuncture (EA) in combination with psycho-intervention (PI) on the cognitive function and event-related potentials (ERP), P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN), in patients with internet addiction (IA) for a preliminary exploration of the possible mechanism of the therapy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients with IA were randomly divided into three groups, and a total of 112 subjects reached the final analysis of the trial, the EA group (39 patients), the PI group (36 patients) and the CT group (37 patients). EA was applied at acupoints Baihui (GV20), Sishencong (EX-HN1), Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6), Taichong (LR3) and Sanyinjiao (SP6), once every other day; PI with the cognitionbehavior mode was implemented every 4 days; both EA and PI were used in the CT group. The treatment course for all patients was 40 days. Changes before and after treatment in terms of scoring by the IA self-rating scale, short-term memory capacity, short-term memory span, and the latency and amplitude of P300 and MMN in patients were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, in all groups, the IA score was lowered significantly (P <0.05) and scores of short-term memory capacity and short-term memory span increased significantly (P <0.05), while the decreased IA score in the CT group was more significant than that in the other two groups (P <0.05). ERP measurements showed that P300 latency was depressed and its amplitude raised in the EA group; MMN amplitude increased in the CT group (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EA in combination with PI could improve the cognitive function of IA patients, and its mechanism might be related to the speedup of cerebral discrimination on external stimulus and the enhancement of effective resource mobilization during information processing of the brain.</p>

Intervention on network craving and encephalofluctuogram in patients with internet addiction disorder: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with psychological interference on abstinence symptom such as network craving and anxiety in internet addiction disorder (IAD) and explore its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty cases of IAD were randomly divided into EA group, psychotherapy group and EA plus psychotherapy group (combined therapy group). In EA group, Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Hegu (LI 4), Neiguan (PC 6), Taichong (LR 3) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected in EA, once every 2 days, for 20 sessions totally. In psychotherapy group, the cognition and behavior therapy was applied, once every 4 days, for 10 sessions totally. In combined therapy group, EA combined with psychological interference was administered. The changes in IAD self-scale table, network craving scale, ZUNG self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and S spectrum of encephalofluctuogram (ET) were observed before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, the results of IAD self-scale table, network craving scale and ZUNG SAS in combined therapy group were reduced significantly as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01) and the score of IAD self-scale table was lower significantly as compared with EA group and psychotherapy group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and the score of network craving scale was lower than that in psychotherapy group (P < 0.01). S11 spectrum in combined therapy group decreased significantly as compared with that before treatment (P < 0.05) and was lower significantly as compared with psychotherapy group and EA group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with psychological interference can reduce network craving and anxiety of IAD patients and its mechanism is probably related with the decrease of dopamine content in central system.</p>

Clinical effect of electroacupuncture combined with psychologic interference on patient with Internet addiction disorder / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe, adopting randomized controlled method, the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with psychologic interference in patients with internet addiction disorder (IAD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven patients with IAD were assigned to two groups treated respectively with psychotherapy alone (A, 23 cases) and EA plus psychotherapy (B, 24 cases). The psychotherapy was conducted by cognition and behavior method, once every 4 days, for 10 times totally. EA was applied at acupoints Baihui, Sishencong, Hegu, Taichong, Neiguan, Sanyinjiao, etc. once every other day, for 20 times. Changes of scoring by IAD self-rating scale (ISS), anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), self-rating depressive scale (SDS), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD), Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and self-rating sub-health scale (SRSHS) before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 91.3% (21/23) in Group B, better than that (59.1%, 13/22) in Group A. By the end of this study, all scores in Group B, except HAMD, were significantly lower than those in Group A respectively, i.e., for IAD, 33.20 +/- 4.53 vs. 44.00 +/- 5.81; for SAS, 30.90 +/- 6.30 vs. 39.60 +/- 5.80; for SDS, 35.38 +/- 4.59 vs. 39.60 +/- 6.33; for HAMA, 7.50 +/- 2.54 vs. 12.70 +/- 3.68; for SRSHS, 39.60 +/- 5.66 vs. 48.40 +/- 6.91, showing statistical significances (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using psychologic interference alone or combined with EA can significantly reduce the ISS score and significantly reduce anxiety and improve self-conscious health status in patients with IAD, but the effect obtained by the combined therapy is better.</p>

Effects of electroacupuncture combined with psychologic interference on anxiety state and serum NE content in the patient of internet addiction disorder / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on internet addiction disorder (lAD) and to preliminarily probe the mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven cases of TAD were randomly divided into a psychotherapy group and an EA plus psychotherapy group. The psychotherapy group were treated with cognition and behavior therapy, once every 4 days, 10 sessions constituting one course; the EA plus psychotherapy group were treated with EA at Baihui (GV 20), Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Neiguan (PC 6), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), etc. once every other day, for 20 sessions, in combination with the same psychotherapy as that in the psychotherapy group. Changes of score of lAD, score of anxiety self-rating scale (SAS), score of Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) and serum norepinephrine (NE) content before and after treatment were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 91.3% in the EA plus psychotherapy group and 59.1% in the psychotherapy group, the former being better than the latter (P<0.05). The scores for IAD, SAS, HAMA, and the se-rum NE content after treatment were significantly decreased in the two groups (both P<0.01). Those in the EA plus psychotherapy group were significantly lower than those in the psychotherapy group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electroacupuncture combined with psychologic interference can significantly improve anxiety state and the mechanism is possibly related with the decrease of NE in the body.</p>

Effect of TCM formula for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis on brainstem auditory evoked potential and Transcranial Doppler parameters in patients with sudden deafness / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XZD) on patients with sudden deafness (SD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with SD were treated with XZD, and the changes of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and transcranial Doppler (TCD) parameters in them were detected before and after treatment and analyzed statistically.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>I, III and V waveform and peak latency (PL) of BAEP, velocity of vertebral basilar arterial blood flow and parameters of cerebral blood flow in SD patients were all improved to different levels after treatment with XZD.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TCM formula for promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis can improve BAEP and TCD parameters in SD patients; BAEP detection and TCD parameters can reflect nerve function and blood-supply state of internal ear and brain stem, and therefore are of great importance in guiding the clinical treatment and assessing the prognosis.</p>