Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Montrer: 20 | 50 | 100
Résultats 1 - 20 de 139
Filtrer
1.
Indian Pediatr ; 2013 January; 50(1): 68-70
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-169640
2.
Indian J Med Sci ; 2002 Jun; 56(6): 259-64
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-67641

RÉSUMÉ

In a double blind design, 1520 children aged < 10 years were individually randomised in vitamin A and placebo group in slums of Chandigarh. Children > 12, 6-12 and < 6 months of age received 200,000, 100,000, 500,000 I.U. of vitamin A respectively every 4 to 6 months during 15 months trial period. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was significantly reduced in vitamin A compared to placebo group during the follow-up period. In vitamin A group, incidence of diarrhoea and measles was significantly reduced but incidence of acute respiratory infections was not significantly different compared to control group. Risk of death was also significantly less in vitamin A group. Therefore, promotion of vitamin A rich diet or supplementation with synthetic vitamin A at 4-6 month interval should be a priority in populations where risk of vitamin A deficiency is high.


Sujet(s)
Études cas-témoins , Cause de décès , Varicelle/épidémiologie , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Comorbidité , Diarrhée/épidémiologie , Compléments alimentaires , Méthode en double aveugle , Femelle , Fièvre/épidémiologie , Études de suivi , Humains , Incidence , Nourrisson , Mâle , Rougeole/épidémiologie , Méningite/épidémiologie , Pneumopathie infectieuse/épidémiologie , Taux de survie , Résultat thérapeutique , Rétinol/usage thérapeutique , Carence en vitamine A/traitement médicamenteux
4.
Indian Pediatr ; 1996 Jun; 33(6): 471-6
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-12836

RÉSUMÉ

OBJECTIVE: To study percentile distance growth pattern of Body Mass Index (BMI) of Punjabi male and female infants. DESIGN: Longitudinal. SETTING: Growth Clinic. SUBJECTS: 154 Punjabi infants (Male 86; Female 68), aged birth-12 months. FOLLOW-UP: Nude body weight and crownheel length of all babies at birth and whereafter, were measured at monthly age intervals with time tolerance to +/-3 days by the same investigator upto 12 months of life. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) values for BMI measured 12.2 +/- 1.40 kg/m2 and 16.5 +/- 1.40 kg/m2 at birth and 12 months, respectively in male infants. The corresponding figures for female infants were 12.5 +/- 1.60 kg/ m2 and 16.5 +/- 1.50 kg/m2. A rapid increase in BMI values amongst infants of both sexes between birth to about six months followed by flattening of curves upto 12 months of age indicates an age dependent nature of BMI during first half of infancy in comparison to latter half during which these demonstrated stable trend. These findings are in contrast to those of the western infants who showed a regular increase in BMI throughout the first year of life. Sex differences were not significant at majority of the age levels. CONCLUSIONS: Percentile grids presented for BMI represent a normal, healthy and well-nourished infant population which can be used to assess the adiposity status of infants of the two sexes during the first year of life.


Sujet(s)
Indice de masse corporelle , Femelle , Croissance , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Études longitudinales , Mâle , Valeurs de référence , Facteurs sexuels
5.
Indian Pediatr ; 1995 Mar; 32(3): 331-6
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-13675

RÉSUMÉ

The epidemiology of acute poisoning in children aged 0-15 years hospitalized between 1970-1989 was retrospectively investigated. Two hundred and seventeen children were admitted during this period with 134 in 1980-1989 vs 83 in 1970-1979. Two distinct patterns were observed: accidental poisoning in under 11's and adult pattern and self poisoning in children over 11's. More children belonged to urban areas (72.3%) as compared to rural areas. In both decades more than half of children belonged to middle income group followed by lower income group and least to upper income group. The overall mortality was low (12.5%), with majority of deaths (78%) occurring in older children. The incidence of kerosene ingestion was noticed to have dropped by more than half between 1980-1989 as compared to 1970-1979 (14.9% vs 42%). The study highlights the unacceptable high rate of preventable accidental poisoning in young children and suicide and parasuicide in older children (11-15 years age group).


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Répartition par âge , Cause de décès , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Hospitalisation , Humains , Inde/épidémiologie , Nourrisson , Mâle , Intoxication/épidémiologie , Études rétrospectives , Facteurs socioéconomiques , Suicide
6.
Indian Pediatr ; 1994 Nov; 31(11): 1329-36
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-12062

RÉSUMÉ

In this prospective study to evaluate usefulness of ultrasonography for early diagnosis and monitoring of complications of acute pyomeningitis, we performed serial sonographic examinations of skull in 50 infants (with open fontanelle) with proven pyomeningitis. One or more abnormal sonographic findings were detected in 32 infants. These were echogenic sulci (26%), ventriculomegaly with some or other complication (26%), brain abscess (20%), ventriculitis (14%), subdural effusion (6%) and cerebral edema (10%), and were detected mostly after the first week of illness. Ultrasonographic findings were in complete agreement with CT scan diagnosis of ventriculomegaly, ventriculitis, solitary brain abscess and cerebral edema. However, sonography missed cases of subdural effusion (2 out of 5), multiple brain abscesses (1 out of 2), and cerebral infarction (all the four), which were detected on CT Scan. Serial sonographic findings were useful in documenting progressive increase in ventricular size in all the 13 infants with ventriculomegaly and monitoring response to anti-edema therapy in 5 infants with cerebral edema. Sonography is a useful tool for diagnosis of complications of pyomeningitis after the first week of illness, and for monitoring the progress of ventriculomegaly.


Sujet(s)
Maladie aigüe , Encéphalopathies/microbiologie , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Mâle , Méningite bactérienne/complications , Études prospectives , Suppuration
7.
Indian Pediatr ; 1994 May; 31(5): 559-63
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-12416

RÉSUMÉ

The paper reports a syndrome in which oblique placement of one or both the pinnae on face was found to co-exist with congenital anomalies of heart like VSD, PDA and Tetralogy of Fallot, etc. Although clinically discernible in 90% of the subjects, objective evidence of obliquity of pinna was documented by photogrammetry. The values for the ear inclination in subjects categorized clinically as normally placed pinna were 7.9 degrees +/- 3.39 degrees with range 2 degrees-17 degrees. In contrast, subject where the pinna was clinically categorized as oblique had mean AEI 16.5 degrees +/- 5.81 degrees with a range 5 degrees-33 degrees. Eighteen of the 20 subjects with oblique pinna were demonstrated to have some congenital anomaly of heart as indicated by clinical and echocardiographic examination. In contrast, in subjects with normally placed pinna only 3 out of 34 possessed clinical heart defects. Presence of oblique pinna indicates a thorough search for undetected heart defects.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Oreille externe/anatomopathologie , Cardiopathies congénitales/diagnostic , Humains , Nourrisson
8.
Indian Pediatr ; 1993 Sep; 30(9): 1073-7
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-10936

RÉSUMÉ

Attitudes of 120 mothers of spastic children aged 2-12 yrs were assessed by using Mother's Attitude Scale. Attitudes of mothers towards spastics were highly influenced by the severity of handicap and IQ of the child (r < 0.74). Mother's education, family income, occupational status, type of habitat had significant but low correlation with her attitudes (0.23 to 0.35). Age, sex of the child and type of family did not influence attitudes. Study group mothers (rural or urban) have better attitudes towards spasticity compared to control group mothers. This difference was more discernible among mothers belonging to age group below 30 years of age. The study emphasizes the necessity of constant counselling of mothers so that their attitudes may improve and help in more effective care of the child.


Sujet(s)
Adulte , Attitude envers la santé , Paralysie cérébrale/psychologie , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Inde , Nourrisson , Tests d'intelligence , Mâle , Mères/psychologie , Facteurs socioéconomiques
9.
Indian Pediatr ; 1993 Apr; 30(4): 461-7
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-9587

RÉSUMÉ

Twenty three patients with primary immunoglobulin(Ig) deficiency were seen during the last ten years. Nine had hypogamma globulinemia (hypo-Ig) and the rest, selective Ig deficiency. Most were in pediatric age group. There was preponderance of males with only one female. Clinical symptoms pertaining to gastrointestinal and sinupulmonary infections were most common. Complete absence of B cells was not observed in any patient with hypogammaglobulinemia. They could be typed as physiological in one patient, X-linked immunodeficiency in 2 patients and common variable immunodeficiency in the remaining six. Three patients with selective IgA deficiency were above 20 years of age. Two had only secretory IgA deficiency, confirmed by jejunal fluid examination and the rest had both secretory and serum IgA deficiency. Low IgM was seen in one patient. We see a spectrum of immunoglobulin deficiencies varying from subtle defects like absence of secretory IgA only, to severe depletion of all immunoglobulins. Therapy is still not ideal due to economic reasons.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Déficits immunitaires/sang , Mâle
11.
Indian Pediatr ; 1993 Jan; 30(1): 41-6
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-12116

RÉSUMÉ

Percentile growth charts for head circumference of Punjabi infants (male 86 and female 68) measured serially at monthly intervals during the first year of life are presented. Besides, constancy of sample size and strict adherence to time tolerance limit of +/- 3 days, on the day of monthly measurements other factors considered responsible for the natural smooth course of the percentile grids are highlighted. The presented data would enable easy detection of infants with abnormal course of head growth.


Sujet(s)
Anthropométrie , Céphalométrie , Femelle , Études de suivi , Tête/anatomie et histologie , Humains , Inde , Nourrisson , Nouveau-né , Études longitudinales , Mâle , Valeurs de référence
12.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-24014

RÉSUMÉ

Triceps skinfold thickness measured in ten adults aged 19 to 50 yr by a Holtain skinfold caliper, was compared with subcutaneous fat thickness obtained on cross-sections of the left upper arm by computerized axial tomography (CAT). The thickness of subcutaneous fat was measured on CAT scan film directly with the inbuilt computer graphic technique. The measurements taken on CAT scan film were found to be significantly higher (by 21-45%; P less than 0.001) than those by the skinfold calipers. Our findings suggest that skinfold calipers may not be very accurate tools for the assessment of body fat in human beings. Therefore, its use in the determination of body composition, for which great precision is required calls for re-thinking.


Sujet(s)
Tissu adipeux/anatomie et histologie , Adulte , Animaux , Indice de masse corporelle , Humains , Adulte d'âge moyen , Obésité , Épaisseur du pli cutané , Tomodensitométrie
13.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-25628

RÉSUMÉ

Unidirectional Na+ and Cl- fluxes were studied in rats treated with S. typhimurium enterotoxin (S-LT). There was net absorption of Na+ and Cl- in the control group, while in the toxin treated animals there was net secretion of Na+ and Cl- (P less than 0.001). There was no change in the transport of D-glucose in the toxin treated group as compared to the control animals. The Na+, K(+)-ATPase pump was unaltered in the S-LT treated animals (198.67 +/- 11.23 nmoles Pi/mg protein/min) as compared to the control group (189.93 +/- 10.09 nmoles Pi/mg protein/min). There was no change in the unidirectional fluxes of Ca+2 in the S-LT treated animals as compared to the control animals, suggesting no change in the permeability of the S-LT treated intestinal membrane to Ca+2.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Toxines bactériennes/toxicité , Calcium/métabolisme , Chlorures/métabolisme , Endotoxines , Entérotoxines/toxicité , Intestins/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques , Mâle , Rats , Lignées consanguines de rats , Salmonella typhimurium , Sodium/métabolisme , Équilibre hydroélectrolytique/effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques
14.
Indian Pediatr ; 1992 Jan; 29(1): 73-7
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-7150

RÉSUMÉ

One hundred children with beta-thalassemia major were studied prospectively. A one time analysis of serum samples was carried out for a battery of hepatitis B viral markers viz., HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Seven mutually different serological patterns were observed. The commonest profile seen in 49 patients was a combined seropositivity for anti-HBc and anti-HBs indicating past HBV infection with persisting immunity. Definite evidence of active HBV infection (seropositivity for HBsAg and/or HBeAg) was demonstrated in 10 cases, six of these were HBsAg positive. Anti-HBc positivity alone was detected in 17 patients. The remaining 24 children were seropositive for anti-HBs alone suggesting a possible passive transmission of anti-HBs through blood transfusion.


Sujet(s)
Transfusion sanguine , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Pays en voie de développement , Hépatite B/immunologie , Anticorps de l'hépatite B/analyse , Antigènes de surface du virus de l'hépatite B/analyse , Humains , Inde , Nourrisson , Thalassémie/immunologie
16.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-23016

RÉSUMÉ

Immune status of 22 patients of ataxia telangiectasia was studied over a period of 8 yr (mean age of patients: 9.5 +/- 3 yr; 9 of 22 were siblings). Low T-cell number was observed in 14 of 19 patients but the response to PHA challenge done in 10 patients was normal and migration inhibition to BCG antigen was positive in 6 of 6 patients. IgM defect was seen in 2 out of 18 patients and serum IgA was deficient in 10 out of 18 patients. Salivary IgA was also absent in these children. Four children had high spontaneous NBT reduction. None of the patients had lymphoma, leukemia or any other malignancy at the time of presentation. Candida killing was normal in all patients. The presenting feature related to the CNS in almost all children and gross infections were not seen.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Ataxie-télangiectasie/immunologie , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Immunoglobulines/analyse , Numération des leucocytes , Lymphopénie/immunologie , Mâle , Granulocytes neutrophiles/immunologie , Phytohémagglutinine
17.
Indian Pediatr ; 1990 Sep; 27(9): 945-51
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-14031

RÉSUMÉ

In a prospective controlled evaluation of steam therapy, in severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) requiring hospitalization, 16 cases of bronchiolitis and 20 cases of pneumonia were assigned alternately to receive steam therapy in a cloth tent (Study Group); others served as controls. Respiratory status was assessed at the time of admission and subsequently at 6 hourly interval for 48 hours. No advantage of steam therapy could be identified in children with pneumonia. Bronchiolitis patients on steam therapy, as compared to the controls, showed a significant decrease in respiratory distress within first 24 hours after hospitalization and took significantly shorter time for recovery from the distress. The study patients also showed a tendency for rapid improvement in hypoxemia. Further critically controlled studies with a larger sample size are warranted.


Sujet(s)
Maladie aigüe , Bronchiolite/thérapie , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Mâle , Projets pilotes , Pneumopathie infectieuse/thérapie , Thérapie respiratoire/méthodes , Vapeur
18.
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-25648

RÉSUMÉ

The absorption of 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin, gamma-globulin and alpha-lactalbumin was considerably enhanced in G. lamblia infected Swiss mice intestine compared to uninfected controls. The binding of 125I-proteins to brush border membrane was however, significantly (P less than 0.01) low in infected animals. Kinetic studies with gamma-globulin binding to brush borders revealed a decrease in the number of binding sites in infected animals (1.52) compared to controls (2.86 micrograms/mg protein) with no change in the affinity constant (47.60 micrograms/ml) under these conditions. These findings suggest that G. lamblia infection in mice leads to enhanced macromolecular absorption which seems unrelated to the binding of proteins to epithelial cell surface.


Sujet(s)
Animaux , Modèles animaux de maladie humaine , Femelle , Giardiase/métabolisme , Absorption intestinale , Lactalbumine/métabolisme , Mâle , Souris , Microvillosités/métabolisme , Sérumalbumine bovine/métabolisme , Gammaglobulines/métabolisme
19.
Indian Pediatr ; 1990 May; 27(5): 437-42
Article de Anglais | IMSEAR | ID: sea-9013

RÉSUMÉ

Children with persistent diarrhea may be at a higher risk of developing vitamin A deficiency. Impression cytology of the conjunctiva has been shown to be a simple and objective diagnostic test for detection of early, physiologically significant vitamin A deficiency. We studied, changes in conjunctival impression cytology using millipore HAWG filter paper in 25 children aged less than 5 years suffering from persistent diarrhea, who had no ocular manifestations of vitamin A deficiency (Group I). Twenty five age matched healthy children constituted the control group (Group II). Seventeen of the 25 children with persistent diarrhea (68%), showed the following abnormalities: (i) the shape of the epithelial cells were abnormal, and (ii) goblet cells were absent. The study could be repeated after 2 weeks of administration of vitamin A in 7 children. Reappearance of PAS-positive mucous glycoproteins and presence of normal epithelial cells was demonstrated in all 7 children retested. This test can prove to be of significant value in assessment of response to vitamin A therapy. This study shows that children with persistent diarrhea appear to be at high risk for developing vitamin A deficiency, which can be detected by the technique of conjunctival impression cytology. This is a cheap and reliable method of detecting preclinical vitamin A deficiency which can be performed by a pediatrician in the office laboratory.


Sujet(s)
Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Maladie chronique , Conjonctive/anatomopathologie , Techniques cytologiques , Diarrhée du nourrisson/complications , Femelle , Humains , Nourrisson , Mâle , Carence en vitamine A/complications
SÉLECTION CITATIONS
DÉTAIL DE RECHERCHE