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Objective To investigate the effect of subanesthetic dose of esketamine on remifentanil-in-duced hyperalgesia after cesarean section under general anesthesia,and its effect on serum homocysteine(Hcy)level and postpartum depression.Methods A total of fifty patients undergoing cesarean section under general anesthesia were randomly divided into the esketamine group and the control group(25 cases in each group).The two groups were given esketamine 0.2 mg/kg and the same amount of normal saline by slow in-jection 10 min after fetal delivery.Then,the extubation time,visual analogue scale(VAS)score within two hours after operation,and consumption of morphine while in the post-anaesthesia care unit(PACU)were compared between the two groups.The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale(EPDS)scores were compared at one day before surgery,one day,four days,and one month after surgery.Serum Hcy levels were measured at one day before surgery,one day and four days after surgery.Results There was no significant difference in extubation time between the two groups(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,it took a longer time for patients in the esketamine group to have a VAS score≥4 for the first time,but the time from morphine injection to a VAS score<4 was shortened(P<0.05).The amount of morphine used in the esketamine group was lower than that in the control group in PACU(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the VAS scores of the esketamine group decreased at 15 min,30 min,45 min,one hour,and 90 min after surgery(P<0.05),while there was no statistical significance difference in VAS scores at two hours after surgery(P<0.05).EPDS scores in the esketamine group were lower than those in the control group at one day and four days after surgery(P>0.05),but there was no statistically significant between the two groups at one month after surgery(P>0.05).Serum Hcy level in the esketamine group was lower than that in the control group at one day and four days after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion The subanesthetic dose of esketamine during caesarean section under general anesthesia can effectively relieve remifentanil-induced postoperative hy-peralgesia and prevent the occurrence of postpartum depression.
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Objective To provide reference for the optimization and improvement of interoperability between the standard system of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and other standards.Methods The interoperability of various pharmacopoeia standard systems was compared by searching for citations from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary,the European Pharmacopoeia,the Japanese Pharmacopoeia,and other standards,including references to domestic regulations and guidelines,standards of the International Organization for Standardization,guidelines from the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use,documents of the World Health Organization,and standards from other countries and international organizations.Results In recent years,pharmacopoeias in the world had continuously increased the citation of non pharmacopoeial standards.The types,quantities,and fields of the United States Pharmacopoeia-National Formulary referencing other standards far exceed those of other pharmacopoeias.The Chinese Pharmacopoeia cites the least number of other standards.Conclusion It is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia should enhance the interoperability with other standard systems in the standards of various professional fields,enhance the openness,harmonization and advantages,and form a more complete standard system.
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BACKGROUND@#Red-cell transfusion is critical for surgery during the peri-operative period; however, the transfusion threshold remains controversial mainly owing to the diversity among patients. The patient's medical status should be evaluated before making a transfusion decision. Herein, we developed an individualized transfusion strategy using the West-China-Liu's Score based on the physiology of oxygen delivery/consumption balance and designed an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial to verify whether it reduced red cell requirement as compared with that associated with restrictive and liberal strategies safely and effectively, providing valid evidence for peri-operative transfusion.@*METHODS@#Patients aged >14 years undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery with estimated blood loss > 1000 mL or 20% blood volume and hemoglobin concentration <10 g/dL were randomly assigned to an individualized strategy, a restrictive strategy following China's guideline or a liberal strategy with a transfusion threshold of hemoglobin concentration <9.5 g/dL. We evaluated two primary outcomes: the proportion of patients who received red blood cells (superiority test) and a composite of in-hospital complications and all-cause mortality by day 30 (non-inferiority test).@*RESULTS@#We enrolled 1182 patients: 379, 419, and 384 received individualized, restrictive, and liberal strategies, respectively. Approximately 30.6% (116/379) of patients in the individualized strategy received a red-cell transfusion, less than 62.5% (262/419) in the restrictive strategy (absolute risk difference, 31.92%; 97.5% confidence interval [CI]: 24.42-39.42%; odds ratio, 3.78%; 97.5% CI: 2.70-5.30%; P <0.001), and 89.8% (345/384) in the liberal strategy (absolute risk difference, 59.24%; 97.5% CI: 52.91-65.57%; odds ratio, 20.06; 97.5% CI: 12.74-31.57; P <0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the composite of in-hospital complications and mortality by day 30 among the three strategies.@*CONCLUSION@#The individualized red-cell transfusion strategy using the West-China-Liu's Score reduced red-cell transfusion without increasing in-hospital complications and mortality by day 30 when compared with restrictive and liberal strategies in elective non-cardiac surgeries.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01597232.
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Humains , Adulte , Complications postopératoires , Transfusion d'érythrocytes/effets indésirables , Transfusion sanguine , Hôpitaux , Hémoglobines/analyseRÉSUMÉ
Objective:To evaluate the value of preoperative serum miRNA-146a-5p expression in predicting postoperative delirium (POD) in the pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.Methods:Eighty pediatric patients with congenital biliary atresia, aged 5-12 months, with body mass index of 4-10 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, undergoing elective living donor liver transplantation in our hospital, were selected. Venous blood samples were collected at 1 day before surgery, and serum miRNA-146a-5p expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The children′s cognitive function was evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination and the Modified Montreal Cognitive Assessment at 1 day before operation and at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation. The pediatric patients were divided into POD group and non-POD group according to whether POD occurred within 7 days after surgery. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between serum miRNA-146a-5p expression and POD, Pearson′s correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between miRNA-146a-5p and POD, and the receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the accuracy of serum miRNA-146a-5p concentrations in predicting the occurrence of POD.Results:There were 30 cases in POD group and 50 cases in non-POD group, and the incidence of POD was 38%. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that down-regulated serum miR-146a-5p expression was an independent risk factor for POD in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation ( P<0.05). The incidence of POD was negatively correlated with serum miRNA-146a-5p expression ( r=-0.658, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of serum miRNA-146a-5p expression in predicting POD was 0.870 in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation, with a sensitivity of 0.825 and a specificity of 0.875. Conclusions:Preoperative serum miRNA-146a-5p expression has a certain predictive value for POD in the pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of patent foramen ovale (PFO) on the perioperative complications and survival rate in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.Methods:The medical records from pediatric patients of either sex with biliary atresia, aged<18 yr, who underwent living donor liver transplantation from January 2020 to January 2022, were retrospectively collected. The pediatric patients were divided into PFO group and non-PFO group according to the results of echocardiography before operation. The postreperfusion syndrome, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, postoperative delirium and 1-year survival rate were recorded.Results:There was no significant difference in the incidence of postreperfusion syndrome, acute lung injury, acute kidney injury, postoperative delirium and one-year survival rate between PFO group and non-PFO group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:PFO has no obvious effect on the incidece of intraoperative and early postoperative complications and 1-year survival rate in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway in propofol postconditioning-induced reduction of hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R).Methods:The hippocampal neurons were isolated from fetal rats of Wistar rats at 16-18 days of gestation and primarily cultured for 7 days and then divided into 4 groups ( n=42 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), OGD/R group (group O), propofol post-conditioning group (group P) and Nrf2 siRNA(-) transfection group (group N). The cells were routinely cultured in group C. The cells were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 1 h followed by oxygen and glucose supply in group O. Propofol (final concentration 1.2 μg/ml) was added immediately after oxygen and glucose supply, the cells were then cultured for 2 h, and the culture medium was replaced with the normal culture medium in group P. The primarily cultured neurons were transfected with Nrf2 gene knockout lentivirus on 3rd day of culture, 24 h later the cells were then routinely cultured, and the model was prepared and propofol conditioning was performed on 7th day. Cells were collected at 24 h of incubation for determination of the cell apoptosis (by flow cytometry), expression of Nrf2 and NLRP3 mRNA and protein (using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction or Western blot), concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β, and activities of glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (kit method). Results:Compared with group C, the apoptosis rate of neurons was significantly increased, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased, the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 and NLRP3 protein and mRNA was up-regulated, and the nuclear/plasma ratio of Nrf2 was increased in O and P groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group O, the apoptosis rate of neurons was significantly decreased, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased, the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT were increased, the expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA was up-regulated, the nuclear/plasma ratio of Nrf2 was increased, and the expression of NLRP3 protein and mRNA was down-regulated in group P ( P<0.05). Compared with group P, the apoptosis rate of neurons was significantly increased, concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased, the levels of GSH, SOD and CAT were decreased, the expression of Nrf2 protein and mRNA was down-regulated, the nuclear/plasma ratio of Nrf2 was decreased, and the expression of NLRP3 protein and mRNA was up-regulated in group N ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway is involved in propofol postconditioning-induced reduction of hippocampal neuron injury in a rat model of OGD/R.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of Yes-associated protein (YAP)/Optic atrophy-1 (OPA1) signaling pathway in propofol-induced reduction of oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration(OGD/R) injury in hippocampal neurons.Methods:HT22 mouse hippocampal neurons at the logarithmic growth phase were divided into 4 groups ( n=54 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), group OGD/R, propofol group (group P) and propofol + YAP silencing group (group P + siRNA-YAP). The cells were subjected to O 2-glucose deprivation for 6 h followed by restoration of O 2-glucose supply for 24 h. In group P, propofol 50 μmol/L was added immediately after restoration of O 2-glucose supply. In P+ siRNA-YAP group, siRNA-YAP was transfected at 48 h before model preparation. The viability of neurons was measured by CCK-8 assay, ROS content and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by spectrophotometry, the content of mitochondrial ATP was determined by fluorescein fluorescence method, the nuclear translocation of YAP was observed by immunofluorescence, and the expression of YAP, phosphorylated YAP (p-YAP) and OPA1 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the viability of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased, the contents of ROS and MDA and apoptosis rate were increased, the SOD activity, MMP and mitochondrial ATP content were decreased, the expression of p-YAP protein was up-regulated, OPA1 expression was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the fluorescence intensity of YAP in nucleus was weakened in group OGD/R. Compared with OGD/R group, the viability of neurons was significantly increased, the contents of ROS and MDA and apoptosis rate were decreased, the activity of SOD, MMP and content of mitochondrial ATP were increased, the expression of p-YAP protein was down-regulated, the expression of OPA1 protein was up-regulated( P<0.05), and the fluorescence intensity of YAP in nucleus was enhanced in P group. Compared with group P, the viability of neurons was significantly decreased, the contents of ROS and MDA and apoptosis rate were increased, the SOD activity, MMP and mitochondrial ATP content were decreased, the expression of p-YAP, YAP and OPA1 was down-regulated ( P<0.05), and the fluorescence intensity of YAP in nucleus was weakened in group P+ siRNA-YAP. Conclusions:The mechanism by which propofol reduces OGD/R injury in hippocampal neurons may be related to activation of YAP/OPA1 signaling pathway.
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Objective:To identify the risk factors for postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) during living donor liver transplantation in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.Methods:The clinical data from pediatric patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation from January 2020 to December 2021 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data included: (1) general information of the pediatric patients such as age, gender, height and body weight; (2) preoperative data such as left ventricular ejection fraction, pediatric end-stage liver disease score, serum aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, International Normalised Ratio and creatinine concentrations, and whole blood Hb concentration; (3) intraoperative data such as vital signs and blood gas analysis parameters immediate before reperfusion, time of anhepatic phase, donor liver cold ischemia time, transplanted liver quality, time of surgery, anesthesia time, volume of urine, blood loss, amount of blood transfused, and amount of fresh frozen plasma transfused. The pediatric patients were divided into PRS group and non-PRS group according to whether intraoperative PRS occurred. Risk factors for PRS were analyzed using binary logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 304 pediatric patients were finally enrolled, with 132 cases in PRS group and 172 cases in non-PRS group. The incidence of PRS was 43.4%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that prolonged liver graft cold ischemic time ( OR=1.031, 95% confidence interval 1.021-1.042, P<0.001) and body temperature <36 ℃ immediately before reperfusion ( OR=3.095, 95% confidence interval 1.656-5.785, P<0.001) were risk factors for PRS. Conclusions:Body temperature immediately before reperfusion<36.0 ℃ and prolonged liver graft cold ischemic time are risk factors for PRS during living donor liver transplantation in pediatric patients with biliary atresia.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine on postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.Methods:Sixty pediatric patients of either sex with biliary atresia, aged 0-36 months, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ, with cardiac function grade I or Ⅱ, with Child-Pugh grade B or C, undergoing living donor liver transplantation, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a computer-generated table of random numbers: control group (group C) and esketamine group (group S). Combined intravenous-inhalational anesthesia was performed with propofol and sevoflurane in both groups, and in addition esketamine was intravenously infused continuously after induction in group S. After anesthesia induction (T 0), at 60 min after start of surgery (T 1), at 10 min after anhepatic phase (T 2), at 60 min after portal vein opening (T 3), and immediately after abdominal closure (T 4), central venous blood samples were collected for determination of the serum concentrations of Clara cell secretory protein 16, surface active protein D, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, high mobility group protein B1, interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), concentrations of malondialdehyde (using TBA method), and activity of superoxide dismutase (using hydroxylamine method). The dynamic lung compliance was recorded from T 0 to T 4. Blood samples were taken from the radial artery at T 0 and 24 h after surgery (T 5) for blood gas analysis, and oxygenation index and respiratory index were calculated. Lung ultrasound scores were recorded at 24 h before surgery and T 5. The postoperative mechanical ventilation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were recorded. The occurrence of ALI within 7 days after liver transplantation was observed. Results:Compared with group C, the serum concentrations of Clara cell secretory protein 16, surface active protein D, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, high mobility group protein B1, interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, and the activity of superoxide dismutase was increased at T 3, 4, the oxygenation index was increased and respiratory index was decreased at T 3-T 5, lung ultrasound C score and B score were decreased at T 5, the postoperative mechanical ventilation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened, and the incidence of ALI was decreased in group S ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Esketamine can alleviate postoperative ALI in pediatric patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation.
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Objective:To compare the effects of different anesthesia methods on perioperative lung injury in pediatric patients with biliary atresia undergoing living donor liver transplantation.Methods:Ninety-one American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ-Ⅲ pediatric patients with biliary atresia, regardless of gender, aged 0-36 months, with cardiac function grade of Ⅰ or Ⅱ and Child-Pugh grade of B or C, undergoing elective living donor liver transplantation, were selected. According to the anesthesia method, the pediatric patients were divided into 3 groups: propofol-based anesthesia group (P group, n=30), sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (S group, n=30) and propofol-sevoflurane-based anesthesia group (PS group, n=31). Group P received intravenous infusion of 1% propofol 9-15 mg·kg -1·h -1. In group S, sevoflurane was inhaled and the end-tidal concentration was maintained at 2.6%-4.0%.In PS group, 1% propofol 9-15 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused and sevoflurane was inhaled, maintaining an end-tidal concentration at 1.0%-2.5%. Remifentanil 0.1-1.0 μg·kg -1·min -1 was intravenously infused during operation for analgesia, and cisatracurium besylate 1-2 μg·kg -1·min -1 was intravenously infused to maintain muscle relaxation in three groups. Immediately after anesthesia induction (T 0), at 60 min after start of surgery (T 1), at 10 min of anhepatic phase (T 2), at 60 min after portal vein opening (T 3), and immediately after abdominal closure (T 4), the concentrations of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16 (CC16), surfactant protein (SP-D), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (s-RAGE), high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, and lung compliance (Cdyn) was simultaneously recorded. At T 0-T 4 and 24 h after surgery (T 5), the arterial blood gas analysis was performed to calculate the oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI). Lung ultrasound scores (LUS scores) were assessed at 24 h before surgery and T 5. The occurrence of pulmonary complications was recorded within 7 days after surgery. The survival was observed for 6 months after surgery. Results:There were no statistically significant differences in serum concentrations of CC16, SP-D and s-RAGE concentrations and LUS scores at different time points between group S and group P ( P>0.05). Compared with S group and P group, the serum CC16 concentrations at T 3 and s-RAGE concentrations at T 3, 4 were significantly decreased, and the C and B scores were decreased at T 5 in PS group ( P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the concentrations of serum HMGB1, IL-1β and TNF-α, Cydn and incidence of ALI/ARDS, pulmonary infection, pleural effusion, and atelectasis within 7 days after surgery among the three groups( P>0.05). The 6-month survival rate was 100% in the three groups. Conclusions:Propofol-sevoflurane-based anesthesia has a better efficacy in reducing perioperative lung injury than propofol-based anesthesia and sevoflurane-based anesthesia in the perioperative period of liver transplantation.
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Objective:To identify the risk factors for acute lung injury (ALI) after pediatric living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) and evaluate the predictive value.Methods:The pediatric patients (all diagnosed with congenital biliary atresia) who underwent parental liver transplantation in our center from January to December 2021 were selected. Perioperative data were obtained through the electronic medical record system, and the pediatric patients were divided into non-ALI group and ALI group according to whether ALI occurred or not at 1 week after surgery. The factors of which P values were less than 0.05 between groups would enter the multivariate logistic regression analysis to stratify the risk factors for ALI after pediatric LDLT, and the value of the risk factors in predicting intraoperative ALI was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results:A total of 140 pediatric patients were enrolled in the analysis, and the incidence of ALI was 30.7%. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that preoperative pediatric end-stage liver disease score, preoperative serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations, intraoperative volume of fluid transfused, and duration of postreperfusion syndrome were independent risk factors for ALI after LDLT in pediatric patients ( P<0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the preoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide(NT-pro-BNP) concentration in predicting postoperative ALI was 0.737 ( P<0.001), with a cutoff value of 222.1 ng/L, sensitivity of 0.628, and specificity of 0.732. Conclusions:Preoperative pediatric end-stage liver disease score, serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations, intraoperative volume of fluid transfused, and duration of postreperfusion syndrome are independent risk factors for ALI after LDLT in pediatric patients; preoperative serum NT-pro-BNP concentrations can effectively predict the development of ALI after pediatric LDLT surgery.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) in the pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation.Methods:Sixty pediatric patients of either sex, aged 4-24 months, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class Ⅰ or Ⅱ, with Child-Pugh B or C, scheduled to undergo elective left external lobe piggyback living-related liver transplantation, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a computer-generated table of random numbers: control group (group C) and TEAS group (group T). In group T, bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Neiguan (PC6), and Feishu (BL13) acupoints were stimulated with disperse-dense waves at the initial intensity of 0.5 mA and frequency of 2/15 Hz, the current intensity was gradually increased until local slight muscle shaking appeared, and continuous stimulation lasted for 30 min at a 30-min interval (a cycle) until the end of operation. TEAS was performed for 30 min at the same time every day up to 1 week after surgery. Stimulus locations in group C were selected at 0.5 cm lateral to the acupoints, and the electrodes with inert medium were attached to the location, with no effective current output from acupuncture treatment instrument. The peak inspiratory pressure, plateau pressure, and pulmonary compliance were recorded before skin incision (T 0), at 30 min after portal vein occlusion (T 1), at 1 h after portal vein opening (T 2), at the end of operation (T 3), and the difference between peak inspiratory pressure and plateau pressure was calculated. Blood samples from the jugular vein were collected at T 0-3 to determine the levels of plasma club cell protein 16 (CC16), surfactant protein D (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Blood samples from the radial artery were collected at T 0-3 for blood gas analysis, PaO 2 and A-aDO 2 were recorded, and oxygenation index (OI) and respiratory index (RI) were calculated. The indwelling time of postoperative tracheal tube and length of ICU stay were also recorded. The lung injury was assessed and scored using ultrasound at 48 h after surgery. The occurrence of ALI within 1 week after operation was also recorded. Results:Compared with baseline at T 0, OI was significantly decreased, RI was increased, and plasma IL-10 concentrations were increased at T 2, 3, and the plasma concentrations of TNF-α, CC16, sRAGE and SP-D were increased at T 1-3 in both groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group C, OI was significantly increased, RI was decreased, the plasma concentrations of sRAGE were decreased, and the plasma concentrations of IL-10 were increased at T 2, 3, and the concentrations of plasma TNF-α, CC16 and SP-D were decreased at T 1-3, the indwelling time of postoperative tracheal tube and length of ICU stay were shortened, the ultrasound score of lung injury was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of ALI in group T ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TEAS can alleviate ALI in the pediatric patients after living-related liver transplantation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of inhaling high concentration hydrogen on myocardial injury and mitochondrial biogenesis in septic mice.Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight clean-grade healthy male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), sham operation + hydrogen group (group Sham+ H), sepsis group (group Sep), and sepsis+ hydrogen group (group Sep+ H). The sepsis model was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals. In Sham+ H and Sep+ H groups, 67% H 2 was inhaled for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after operation, respectively. Twenty mice in each group were randomly selected to observe the survival conditions at 7 days after operation. Blood samples were taken from the remaining mice at 24 h after operation for determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), for examination of the pathological changes of myocardial tissues (by HE staining), and for determination of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (by fluorescence spectrophotometry), ATP content (by luciferase assay), and expression of myocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the survival rate was significantly decreased, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, cTnI and CK-MB and pathological score were increased, the MMP and content of ATP in myocardial mitochondria were decreased, and the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and TFAM in myocardial tissues was down-regulated in Sep group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sham+ H group ( P>0.05). Compared with group Sep, the survival rate was significantly increased, the serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, cTnI and CK-MB and pathological score were decreased, the MMP and content of ATP in myocardial mitochondria were increased, and the expression of PGC-1α, NRF2 and TFAM in myocardial tissues was up-regulated in group Sep+ H ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhaling high concentration hydrogen can attenuate sepsis-induced myocardial injury in mice, and the mechanism may be related to promotion of mitochondrial biosynthesis and improvement in mitochondrial function.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen on acute kidney injury (AKI) and mitochondrial dynamics in septic mice.Methods:One hundred and twenty-eight male C57BL/6J mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-25 g, were divided into 4 groups ( n=32 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (group Sham), sham operation + hydrogen group (group Sham+ H), sepsis AKI group, and sepsis AKI+ hydrogen group (group S-AKI+ H). A mouse model of sepsis-induced AKI was developed by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized animals. In Sham+ H and S-AKI+ H groups, 67% H 2+ 33% O 2 was inhaled for 1 h starting from 1 and 6 h after sham operation or developing the model, respectively. Twenty mice were selected to observe the survival at 7 days after developing the model. At 24 h after developing the model, blood samples were collected for determination of serum BUN and Cr concentrations (by colorimetric analysis), and renal tissues were obtained for determination of the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (by spectrophotometry) and expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) (by Western blot). The damage to the renal tubules was scored after HE staining. Results:Compared with Sham group, the survival rate was significantly decreased, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations, renal tubular damage score and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 were increased, the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased, the expression of Drp1 was up-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was down-regulated in S-AKI group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sham+ H group ( P>0.05). Compared with S-AKI group, the survival rate was significantly increased, the serum BUN and Cr concentrations, renal tubular injury score and contents of TNF-α, IL-1β and HMGB1 were decreased, the activities of SOD and CAT were increased, the expression of Drp1 was down-regulated, and the expression of Mfn2 was up-regulated in S-AKI+ H group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Inhalation of high-concentration hydrogen can alleviate AKI in septic mice, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of renal mitochondrial fission and promotion of mitochondrial fusion.
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Objective:To compare the myocardial protection in pediatric patients undergoing living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) performed under propofol- versus desflurane-based anesthesia. Methods:Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅲ or Ⅳ pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 5-24 months, weighing 5-15 kg, scheduled for elective LDLT under general anesthesia, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: propofol group (group P) and desflurane anesthesia group (group D). During anesthesia maintenance, propofol 5-10 mg·kg -1·min -1 was intravenously infused in group P, desflurane 0.65 MAC-1.30 MAC was inhaled in group D. At 5 min after induction of anesthesia, at 1 h of reperfusion, at the end of surgery, at 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14 days after surgery, and on the day of discharge, the concentrations of serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, creatine kinase isoenzyme, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the occurrence of nausea and vomiting, agitation, and shivering, postoperative tracheal extubation time, intensive care unit stay time, and postoperative length of hospital stay were recorded within 24 h after surgery. Results:Compared with group P, the concentrations of serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and creatine kinase isoenzyme were significantly decreased after surgery, the extubation time and intensive care unit stay time were shortened ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations, postoperative length of hospital stay and incidence of postoperative adverse effects at each time point in group D ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Desflurane has better myocardial protection than propofol in pediatric patients undergoing LDLT, which is helpful for early prognosis.
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Objective:To identify the risk factors for early acute lung injury (ALI) after living-related liver transplantation in pediatric patients and evaluate the value of the risk factors in prediction of ALI.Methods:Perioperative data of patients were obtained through the electronic medical records system. Patients were divided into non-ALI group and ALI group according to whether ALI occurred within the first week after surgery. The risk factors of which P values were less than 0.05 would enter the multiple logistic regression analysis to stratify ALI-related risk factors. Area under the ROC curve was used to analyze the value of the risk factors in prediction of postoperative ALI. Results:A total of 67 patients were enrolled, including 45 cases in non-ALI group and 22 cases in ALI group. Increased intraoperative blood transfusion volume and up-regulated expression of miR-122 and miR-21 were independent risk factors for the occurrence of postoperative ALI ( P<0.05), and the area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) of serum miR-122 and miR-21 expression was 0.946 (0.875 to 1.00), with sensitivity and specificity of 95% and 90%, respectively. Conclusions:Increased intraoperative blood transfusion volume and up-regulated expression of serum miR-122 and miR-21 are independent risk factors for early postoperative ALI, and serum miR-122 and miR-21 levels have a high value in prediction of the development of postoperative ALI in pediatric patients undergoing living-related liver transplantation.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of stroke volume variation(SVV) goal-directed fluid therapy on postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs) after pediatric living donor liver transplantation.Methods:One hundred and twenty pediatric patients undergoing pediatric living-donor liver transplantation(all diagnosed with congenital biliary atresia) were divided into 2 groups( n=60 each) using the random number table method: control group and SVV group. Intraoperative fluid management was guided by central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure in control group, while by SVV combined with cardiac output in SVV group. Intraoperative circulation, fluid intake and usage of vasoactive drug were recorded. Central venous blood samples were collected to determine the concentrations of serum Clara cell 16 kDa protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha before anesthesia(T 0), at the end of anhepatic phase(T 1), at 3 h of neohepatic phase(T 2), at the end of surgery(T 3) and at 24 h after operation(T 4). Pulmonary ultrasonography was performed before surgery, at the end of surgery and at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery. The pediatric patients were followed up for 1 week after surgery to record the PPCs, including acute lung injury, pulmonary infection, pulmonary atelectasis, pleural effusion and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Results:Compared with control group, the incidence of PPCs, acute lung injury and pulmonary infection was significantly decreased, the pulmonary ultrasound score was decreased at the end of surgery and at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, the usage of intraoperative dobutamine was increased, the duration of postreperfusion syndrome was shortened, the fluid intake and epinephrine usage were reduced, and the serum Clara cell 16 kDa protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased at T 1-T 4 in SVV group( P<0.05). Conclusions:SVV goal-directed fluid management can reduce the development of PPCs in pediatric living donor liver transplantation.
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The report described one case of vascular paralysis syndrome during kidney transplantation to provide references for clinical practice.After intraoperative opening of kidney artery and vein, the recipient developed vascular paralysis syndrome.However, the efficacy is not obvious after dosing of norepinephrine.After an intravenous infusion of methylene blue, the recipient has a successful removal of tracheal intubation and recovered well.
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The review summarizes the risk factors, diagnostic criteria and perioperative control strategies of acute kidney injury in pediatric liver transplantation, aiming to provide rationales for proper managements.
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Objective:To evaluate the role of ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) in endogenous protective mechanism of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice and the relationship with transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β 1)/Smad3 signaling pathway. Methods:Twenty-four SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 20-23 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=8 each) by the random number table method: sham operation group (S group), hepatic I/R group (IR group) and hepatic I/R plus CD73 specific inhibitor group (APCP group). The hepatic hilum was only exposed but not occluded in group S. The hepatic portal was occluded for 30 min followed by reperfusion to develop the model of hepatic I/R in anesthetized animals in group IR.CD73-specific inhibitor APCP 40 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected, and 10 min later hepatic I/R was performed.Orbital venous blood samples were collected at 6 h of reperfusion for determination of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) concentrations.Then the mice were sacrificed, and liver tissues were obtained for determination of the expression of CD73, TGF-β 1 and phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3) (by Western blot), contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (with a visible spectrophotometer) and for microscopic examination of the pathological changes of liver tissues (with a light microscope). Results:Compared with group S, the concentrations of AST and ALT in serum and contents of IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA in liver tissues were significantly increased, the activity of SOD was decreased, and the expression of CD73, TGF-β 1 and p-Smad3 was up-regulated in IR and APCP groups ( P<0.05). Compared with group IR, the concentrations of AST and ALT in serum and contents of IL-1β, TNF-α and MDA in liver tissues were significantly increased, the activity of SOD was decreased, and the expression of CD73, TGF-β 1 and p-Smad3 in liver tissues was down-regulated in group APCP ( P<0.05). The pathological changes of liver tissues were accentuated in group APCP as compared with group IR. Conclusions:CD73 is involved in the process of endogenous protective mechanism of hepatic I/R injury in mice, which may be related to the regulation of TGF-β 1/Smad3 signaling pathway.