Interaction Between Bruceoside B and Intestinal Flora and Its Inhibitory Effect on Human Lung Cancer A549 Cells / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the interaction between bruceoside B and gut microbiota and the inhibitory activity of its metabolites on human lung cancer A549 cells， and to explore the value of bruceoside B in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）. MethodBruceoside B was co-incubated with the human gut microbiota under anoxic conditions in vitro， and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS） was used to analyze the metabolic transformation products. Cell counting kit-8（CCK-8） assay was performed to determine the effects of bruceoside B and its metabolites on the proliferation of human lung cancer A549 cells and the half inhibitory concentration（IC50） was calculated. Five healthy male rats were gavaged with bruceoside B（2 mg·kg-1） for 7 days after adaptive feeding. The feces of rats were collected before and after administration. 16S rRNA sequencing was used to assess gut microbiota. ResultBruceoside B was mainly metabolized to brusatol by human gut microbiota， the IC50 of bruceoside B and the conversion product to A549 cells were 1 755.50， 19.57 μmol·L-1， respectively， and the conversion product had a better activity at inhibiting A549 cells proliferation than bruceoside B. Additionally， The results of intestinal flora analysis showed no significant differences in α diversity and β diversity of gut microbiota after administration. In terms of species abundance， at the phylum level， bruceoside B decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria， increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes， Patescibacteria and Cyanobacteria. At the genus level， bruceoside B decreased the relative abundance of Staphylococcus， Aerococcus and Psychrobacter， increased the relative abundance of Romboutsia， Lactobacillus， Clostridium sensu stricto 1， Norank-f-norank-o-Clostridia-UCG-014， Turicibacter， Allobaculum and Candidatus Saccharimonas. The results of functional prediction showed that the gut microbiota functional compositions were relatively stable. ConclusionBruceoside B can be deglycosylated by intestinal flora and converted into brusatol， with a significant increase in antitumor activity. The administration of bruceoside B will not cause significant changes in the structure and function of the intestinal flora， resulting in intestinal microecological balance disorders， and the administration appears to be beneficial to the intestinal flora of NSCLC patients.

Clinical characteristics and prognosis of cerebral infarction with metabolic syndrome / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and prognosis of cerebral infarction combined with metabolic syndrome.Methods From July 1,2015 to March 31,2017,250 patients with cerebral infarction combined with metabolic syndrome in four comprehensive hospital in Zhongshan city were studied.The blood pressure,blood lipid,blood sugar,waist circumference,neurological deficit and disability were analyzed before and after treatment. Meanwhile,the neurological function and disability degree of blood pressure,blood lipid,blood sugar,waist circumfer-ence and non qualified patients were compared.Results After treatment for two weeks,three months and six months, the systolic blood pressure [(132.21±11.25)mmHg,(126.37 ±10.26)mmHg,(122.29 ±11.12)mmHg], diastolic blood pressure [(90.12 ±5.21)mmHg,(84.16 ±4.11)mmHg,(82.23 ±3.10)mmHg],triglycerides [(1.81±0.24)mmol/L,(1.64 ±0.35)mmol/L,(1.51±0.25)mmol/L],high －density lipoprotein cholesterol [(1.01±0.31)mmol/L,(1.08 ±0.36 )mmol/L,(1.19 ±0.34 )mmol/L],fasting plasma glucose [(6.26 ± 0.56)mmol/L,(6.10 ±0.34)mmol/L,(5.59 ±0.34)mmol/L],two－hour postprandial blood glucose [(8.36 ± 1.12)mmol/L,(7.34 ±1.10)mmol/L,(7.05 ±0.26)mmol/L],neurological deficit scores [(31.26 ±1.16)points, (26.58 ±1.05)points,(21.10 ±0.34)points],disability scores [(3.26 ±0.34)points,(2.10 ±0.25)points, (0.59 ±0.20)points]were better than those before treatment (F＝5.10,5.23,5.45,4.89,4.21,4.20,4.26,4.58, P＝0.02,0.04,0.02,0.03,0.01,0.02,0.02,0.03).After treatment for three months and six months,the waist circ-umference [(82.21±5.10)cm,(81.23 ±4.16)cm]were less than before treatment (F＝5.26,P＝0.03).After treatment,the compliance rate of blood pressure,blood lipids,blood glucose,waist circumference was 79.20%,and the not met rate was 20.80%.The neurological deficit score [(17.25 ±1.26)points]and disability score[(0.34 ± 0.12)points]were lower than those who did not meet standard(t＝29.64,17.44,P＝0.01,0.01).Conclusion High blood pressure,high blood lipid and high blood sugar are the main clinical characteristics of patients with cerebral infarction combined with metabolic syndrome,and relieving the symptoms of＂three high＂can improve the prognosis.

Clinical neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging features in patients with cerebellar infarction / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the neuropsychological and functional neuroimaging features in patients with cerebellar infarction (CI).Methods We analyzed 59 CI patients (27 left CI,32 right CI) and 26 healthy control subjects who received standard and experimental cognitive testing and neuroimaging study.We compared the cognitive manifestations between the groups with Student' s t test.Results Patients with CI(left/right) achieved significantly lower scores in auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) of memory test (12.27 ± 1.37 vs 9.33 ± 1.90/10.25 ±2.20,t =6.46,4.26,P ＜0.05),Associative Learning of Clinical Memory Scale (22.77 ± 3.07 vs 18.67 ± 1.98/16.84 ± 3.55,t =5.74,6.69,P ＜ 0.05),symbol digit modalities test (SDMT) of visuospatial test(42.54 ±6.32 vs 20.85 ±9.57/34.84 ± 16.10,t =9.68,2.47,P ＜ 0.05),and errors responses (RE) of Wisconsin card sorting test for executive function (16.77 ± 2.64vs 52.22 ± 16.29/54.47 ± 16.27,t =11.15,12.89,P ＜ 0.05).Patients with left CI had significantly lower scores in correct responses percentage (RCP; 58.71 ± 10.93 vs 78.43 ± 5.26,t =-8.41,P ＜ 0.05)and significantly higher scores in the trials to compete first category (RF; 23.59 ± 9.79 vs 14.12 ± 3.75,t =4.68,P ＜ 0.05).Those finding suggests left CI would cause impairment on abstract conceptualization and concept formation; The patients with right CI had significantly lower scores in total memory quotient (86.69 ± 7.56 vs 112.02 ± 9.70,t =-11.17,P ＜ 0.05),higher scores in perseverative responses (RP ;44.59 ± 17.50 vs 8.23 ± 3.46,t =11.47,P ＜ 0.05) and nonperseverative responses errors percentage (nRPE; 44.00 ±20.67 vs 10.58 ± 2.35,t =9.07,P ＜ 0.05).It means right CI would cause serious deficits on memory,cognitive shift and attention.The fibers between cerebellum and frontal,parietal lobe were reduced in CI patients,compared with healthy control.Conclusions These results suggest that cerebellum participated in the formation of part of cognitive function by connection with cerebrum.After CI,that the fibers contacted with the prefrontal and parietal reduced is the possible mechanisms for cognitive impairment.

Retinal vasculopathy and cerebrovascular diseases / 国际脑血管病杂志

The relationship between retinal vasculopathy and cerebrovascular disease is receiving increasing attention.Most studies have shown that retinal vasculopathy may reflect cerebrovascular disease,and thus help us to understand cerebrovascular disease more directly.Retinal vasculopathy is closely associated with the onset risk of cerebrovascular disease,outcome and cognitive impairment.

The value of the N terminal b-type natriuretic peptide original test for assessing double lower limbs swelling in the diagnosis of chronic heart failure in the elderly hypertension / 中国基层医药

Objective Discuss elderly hypertension of chronic heart failure among the edema of lower limbs and the N end of b-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP) formerly relationship and its value in differential diagnosis.Methods Hospitalized for high blood pressure and breathing difficulties in 301 cases of elderly patients,with 220ng/L for the NT-proBNP exception standard defines value,and comparing the edema of lower limbs and the NT-proBNP levels and heart failure.Results In the elderly hypertension of chronic heart failure population of double lower limbs swelling predict heart failure with NT-proBNP similar value.Conclusion Elevated levels of double lower limbs swelling in the NT-proBNP positive predictive value was 90.3％,negative predictive value was 42.1％,sensitivity 74.4％,specificity 80.0％ ;On heart failure of sensitivity 86.4％,specificity 78％.The edema of lower limbs were significantly associated with NT-proBNP and heart failure.

Relationship between cognitive performance and location and number of infarcts / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the impairment cognitive function and the location and number of infarcts.MethodsThe composites the scores for memory,processing speed and executive function were detected using the neuropsychological measuring scales and determined the cortical,subcortical and cerebral infarcts by magnetic resonance imaging( MRI),then analyzed the relationship between the impairment cognitive function and the location and number of infarcts.ResultsCompared to the control group,the patients with infarcts in multiple locations had poorer memory(the score of AVLT-5 was 6.14 ± 1.89 and 7.26 ± 1.82,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared to the patients without infarcts,a combination of cortical and subcortical infarcts was associated with slow processing speed.The patients with multiple infarcts in multiple locations had significantly lower composites scores for memory(the score of LMT-delay was 10.86 ± 3.48 and 12.69 ± 2.60,respectively,P＜ 0.01 ),processing speed ( the score of SDMT was 27.08 ± 11.13 and 34.23 ± 7.44,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ) and executive function( the score of TMT-B was 1.34 ± 0.65 and 0.40 ± 0.35,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ) compared to control group.ConclusionThe multiple infarcts in multiple locations is associated with the impairment cognitive function in patients with cerebral infarcts.Suggesting that both the location and the number of infarcts jointly contribute to cognition impairment.

Notogisenoside Rg1 upregulates the thiol antioxidants and resists aging in rats / 解剖学报

ObjectiveIn order to investigate anti-ageing mechanisms of the notoginsenoside Rg1,we used Aβ_(1-42) and D-galactose to establish aging rat model. Methods Ninety rats were divided into three groups at random: sham group, model group, treatment group. Aging rat models were established by injecting peritoneally D-galactose (100 mg/kg) to the rats for 56 days and after 35 days aggregated Aβ_(1-42)(μg) was injected to the right lateral ventricle of rats. Meantime, rats were treated by intragastric administration the notoginsenoside Rg1. Then spatial memory of experimental rats was examined with the Morris water maze(MWM). The thiol antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were examined by colorimetric method. The concentration of the pro-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were examined by the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results In aging model rats escape latercies were significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while decreases were seen in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3 as compared with the sham group(P<0.05). After treatment of the notoginsenoside Rg1, the aging model rats exhibited significant increases in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3(P<0.05), while a decrease was observed in escape latercies as compared to control group(P<0.05). Moreover there was no significant difference in the expression of the Bcl-2(P>0.05). Conclusion The results from our study indicate that the notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve the oriented learning and memory capacity and prevent the neurodegeneration of central nervous systems in aging model rats by up-regulating the expression of the thiol antioxidants(including GR and GSH-Px) and resisting the cleavage of the pro-caspase-3.

Cognitive function and emotional disorder in patients with essential tremor / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the cognitive function and emotional disorder and their interrelationships in patients with essential tremor(ET).Methods The cognitive function was evaluated by using scales such as mini-mental state examination (MMSE), aphasia buttery of Chinese for oral-test and read-test, Rey-Osterreith complex figure (ROF), digit span (DS), similarties tests, symbols-digital test, Wisconsin card sorting test, trail making test A, verbal fluency test and clock drawing test in fourty cases and fourty healthy controls matched on age, education level and handedness.The Hamilton depression scale was applied to assess the emotional state of the patients with ET.Results Compared with healthy controls, patients had significantly lower scores in Rey-Osterreith complex figure (t=6.66,P<0.001),digit span (positive)(t=3.32,P<0.001),symbols-digital test (t=4.18,P<0.001),Wisconsin card sorting test (P<0.05),trail making test A (t=3.59,P<0.001),verbal fluency test (t=-3.98,P<0.001) and clock drawing test (t=-4.18,P<0.001), but similar scores in aphasia buttery of Chinese for oral-test and read-test and similarties tests(P>0.05).The cognitive function scores were not significantly associated with the intensity and duration of tremor in patients with ET(P>0.05).Depression, mostly mild depression, was observed in 52.5 percent of patients with ET.Depression was significantly associated with the age (X~2=27.03, P<0.001) and was observed more frequently in the patients under the age of 50.There was no significant association between the cognitive impairment and depression in patients with ET (P>0.05).Conclusions The patients with ET have a multiple-domain cognitive deficit, in which executive function, attention and memory are impaired more severely.The patients with ET have a high incidence of depressive symptoms.

White Matter Dementia / 中国临床心理学杂志

The concept of white matter dementia was first introduced by Filley in 1988.It was found following behavioral neurologica researches that patients with this type of dementia manifested the dysfunctions of sustained attention,memory retrievial,frontal lobe and visualspatial function.They also had psychiatric manifestations but language and extrapyramidal function remained normal.10 diseases of white matter disorders are listed for understanding the clinical characteristics of this type of dementia.