Visible light emitted quantum dots targeting EGFR in triple-negative breast cancer / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective:To explore the feasibility and conditions of in vitro and in vivo imaging of triple-negative breast cancer using visible light emitted quantum dots(QDs) as the carrier to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Methods:The water-soluble QDs reacted with Cetuximab to synthesize the probe QD-Cetuximab. The morphology, particle size, stability and luminescence properties of the probe were examined. Human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-468 (EGFR+ ) and MDA-MB-453 (EGFR-) were cultured. Cytotoxicity assays, in vitro imaging and fluorescence intensity quantification were performed after cells incubation with QD-Cetuximab and QDs. Eight MDA-MB-468 tumor-bearing mice models were constructed, 100 μl QD-Cetuximab and QDs were injected through the tail vein. In vivo imaging and probe distribution were obtained at different time points. Independent-sample t test was used to analyze the data. Results:QD-Cetuximab had a particle size of (40.34±2.44) nm detected by transmission electron microscope (TEM), a hydrated particle size of (57.85±4.69) nm detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS), and a stable structure. When the concentration of QD-Cetuximab was ≤50 nmol/L, the relative survival rate of cells was more than 90%, and when the concentration exceeded 100 nmol/L, the relative survival rate of cells was reduced to (72.52±4.91)% ( P<0.05). The red fluorescence of MDA-MB-468 incubated with QD-Cetuximab was stronger than that of MDA-MB-468 incubated with QDs and MDA-MB-453 incubated with QD-Cetuximab or QDs. The confocal fluorescent intensity quantitative determination showed that the ratio of QD-Cetuximab group/QDs group was 5.1 (863.36/169.97). Flow cytometry showed that the uptake of QD-Cetuximab and QDs by MDA-MB-468 increased with incremental incubating concentration, and the former was more significantly( t values: 12.25-38.11, all P<0.05). When the incubating concentration was 25, 50, 100, and 200 nmol/L, the quantitative average fluorescent intensity ratio of QD-Cetuximab group/QDs group was 5.4, 6.9, 7.4 and 6.2, respectively. The QD-Cetuximab and QDs probes mainly accumulated in the liver in vivo. The fluorescence emitted by tumor was not obvious under the high fluorescence of liver as a background. However, the fluorescence was visible in the isolated tumor tissue, and the quantitative fluorescence intensity of experimental group and control group were (2.46±0.60)×10 4 and (1.29±0.05)×10 4, respectively ( t=3.392, P=0.015). Conclusions:Cetuximab can increase the targeting ability of QDs and promote cell uptake. Although the isolated tumor imaging results are acceptable, further modification of QDs should be considered to reduce the liver uptake and improving in vivo fluorescence imaging efficiency.

Efficacy of improved skin expanding method on patients with arm infusion port / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of improved skin expanding method on patients with arm infusion port.Methods:Clinical data of 100 patients with gynecological malignant tumor receiving adjuvant chemotherapy was retrospectively analyzed, including 50 patients treated by traditional way of expanding skin(transverse and micro intubation sheath inserted into blood vessels) and 50 patients treated by modified skin expanding method, namely making an incision with both depth and length of 0.5 cm which tilting 45° from the thread toward the port. The indexes as planting time, smooth operation, incidence of secondary enlargement, patient satisfaction, port moving time and incidence of postoperative complications were compared and analyzed between the two groups.Result:Modified skin expanding method was superior to traditional skin expanding way in planting time, smooth operation, incidence of secondary enlargement, patient satisfaction, port moving time and incidence of postoperative complications.Conclusions:Compared with the traditional way of expanding skin, modified skin expanding method can adjust catheter malposition caused by connecting with the port and send the catheter back into blood vessel at the incision maintaining the smooth of the catheter. Can make the operation well going increasing the efficiency of implantation of the upper arm infusion port. Can avoid the adverse consequences from the straddle of blood vessel by catheter and port in the tunnel after the catheter indwelling, which greatly enhances the safety of patients during infusion port application period.

Application of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block combined with sacral plexus block in elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty via posterolateral approach / 临床麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block combined with sacral plexus block in elderly patients undergoing posterolateral approach total hip arthroplasty (THA).Methods Sixty patients,24 males and 36 females,aged 65-90 years,ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ,undergoing THA via posterolateral approach were randomized into two groups with 30 cases in each group.Group SA received unilateral hypobaric spinal anesthesia with 2.0-2.5 ml local anesthetics (2 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine mixed 1 ml of sterile water for injection).Group NB received ultrasound-guided fas-cia iliaca compartment block (50 ml of 0.4% ropivacaine)combined with sacral plexus block (20 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine).The onset time and success time of sensory and motor block were evaluated.The visual analogue scale (VAS)at entring into the operating room (T0 ),1 min before positioning change (T1 ),posi-tioning change (T2 ),skin incision (T3 ),30 min after skin incision (T4 ),end of surgery (T5 ),24 h post-operatively (T6 ).The use of dopamine and atropine and incidence of complications were recorded. Results Compared with group SA,the onset time and success time of sensory and motor nerve block of group NB were longer (P <0.05).The VAS decreased at T1 ,T2 ,T6 and increased at T3 ,T5 in group NB (P <0.05).The use of dopamine in group NB (6.7%)was less than that in group SA (26.7%).Head-ache,nausea, vomiting, urinary retention were significantly decreased in group NB (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided fascia iliaca compartment block combined with sacral plexus block re-lieves the pain caused by positioning changes.This technique may be used in elderly patients undergo-ing THA via posterolateral approach with less use of vasoactive drugs,better postoperative analgesic effects,fewer complications and higher degree of patient satisfaction.

The effects of treadmill training combined with music therapy on gait freezing in Parkinson′s disease / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effects of treadmill training and music therapy on freezing of gait among patients with Parkinson′s disease. Methods Fifty-six Parkinson′s disease patients with freezing of gait were randomly divided into a control group, a treadmill training group, a music group and a united group, each of fourteen. All groups received standard medication. The treadmill training group and the music group were also given treadmill training and music therapy respectively. The united group received both treadmill training and music therapy. All of the patients were assessed in terms of freezing score, time to start a first step, incidence of falls, UPDRS-Ⅲ scores and MBI scores before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results There were no sig-nificant differences among the 4 groups before the training. Significant differences were observed in all of the measurements between the treadmill training and united groups after the treatment. In the music group, only the average UPDRS-Ⅲ and MBI results were significantly improved after the treatment. Compared with the treadmill training and music groups, the united group showed significant differences in all of the measurements. Conclu-sion Treadmill training combined with music therapy is more effective than either alone in relieving gait freezing among those with Parkinson′s disease. It decreases falling and improves their capacity in the activities of daily living life, thus their quality of life.

Nerve growth factor injections administered intranasally combined with exercise can improve learning and memory / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF) combined with exercise train-ing on nerve protection, learning and memory. Methods Twenty-four six-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a control group, an NGF group, an exercise group and an NGF combined with exercise training group ( the combined group) , each of 6. The control group mice were given 50 μL of saline intra-nasally every day, while the NGF group were given 50 μL of NGF solution (0.1 mg/ml) intranasally. The exercise group was given 50μL of saline intra-nasally plus 30 minutes of treadmill exercise daily, while the combined group was given 50μL of the NGF solution and 30 minutes of exercise. The intervention lasted 21 days. Then Morris water maze test was conducted to e-valuate the memory of all groups, and all of the mice were sacrificed and immunohistochemical staining was used to check the levels of APP, Ki-67 expression in cortex and NeuN expression in hippocampus. Results In the place navigation test, significant differences in escape latency were observed among the 4 groups, with the NGF, exercise and combined groups showing average latencies significantly shorter than that of the control group The average latency of the combined group was also significantly shorter than that of the NGF and exercise groups. In the spatial probe, there were significant differences among the 4 groups in the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. The com-bined group′s average was significantly larger than those of the NGF and exercises groups. The immunochemistry showed that the combined group had better-arranged neurons and more cells compared with the 3 other groups. The average APP protein expression of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the other groups, but their Ki-67-positive and NeuN-positive cells were found to be significantly more numerous. Conclusion NGF combined with exercise can improve learning and memory, at least in APP/ PS1 mice. This might be associated with its reduc-ing the expression of APP and promoting the expression of Ki-67 and NeuN.

Characteristics of non-motor symptoms in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease at early stage / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To assess the characteristics and influencing factors of non-motor symptoms (non-motor symptoms) in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at early stage.Methods A total of 106 untreated patients with PD at early stage and 108 healthy controls (HC) matched for age,gender,education status and occupation were investigated by non-motor symptoms questionnaire.And both of them were divided into two groups:aged group (≥60 years old) and nonaged group (＜60 years old).76 cases with an average of (66.8±6.6) years old were selected in the aged group,and 30 cases with an average of (57.3± 5.2) years old were selected in the non-aged group.The distribution of non-motor symptoms items was analyzed between two groups.The clinical characteristics of PD patients were also collected to assess the dominant influencing factors for the prevalence of non-motor symptoms.Results The total number of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients and non aged PD patients than in age-matched control groups [(13±7) vs.(4±2),t=10.843; (11±4) vs.(2±1),t=12.145,both P＜0.001].The incidence of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients (20 items) and non-aged PD patients (9 items) than in age-matched control groups (both P＜0.05).The constipation in aged PD patients and the olfactory disturbance in non-aged PD patients were the most frequent ones.The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with course of disease(r=0.413),age(r=0.385) and Hoehn-Yahr stage (r =0.318) in aged PD patients (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage in non-aged PD patients (r=0.306,P＜0.05).Conclusions non-motor symptoms are more frequently seen in aged and non-aged PD patients than in age-matched controls.non-motor symptoms are more common in PD patients at earl stage and the number of non-motor symptoms increases with the degree of disease severity and age.More attention should be paid to the diagnosis and rational treatment of the non-motor symptoms so as to increase treatment effectiveness.

Activation of Macrophages by Exopolysaccharide Produced by MK1 Bacterial Strain Isolated from Neungee Mushroom, Sarcodon aspratus

BACKGROUND: The MK1 strain, a novel bacterial isolate from soft-rotten tissue of the Neungee mushroom, produces copious amounts of exopolysaccharide (EPS) in a dextrose minimal medium. This study examined the molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity of MK1 EPS. METHODS: The EPS in the culture supernatant was purified by cold ethanol precipitation, and characterized by SDS-PAGE/silver staining and Bio-HPLC. The immunomodulatory activities of the EPS were examined using the mouse monocytic cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS: The molecular weights of the purified EPS were rather heterogeneous, ranging from 10.6 to 55 kDa. The EPS was composed of glucose, rhamnose, mannose, galactose, and glucosamine at an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:0.8:0.71:0.29:0.21. EPS activated the RAW cells to produce cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and nitric oxide (NO). EPS also induced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, such as B7-1, B7-2 and ICAM-1, and increased the phagocytic activity. The macrophage-activating activity of EPS was not due to endotoxin contamination because the treatment of EPS with polymyin B did not reduce the macrophage-activating activity. CONCLUSION: The EPS produced from the MK1 strain exerts macrophage-activating activity.

The research about Candida albicans biofilms eliminated by miconazole combined with drug efflux pump inhibitors / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of killing the biofilm persisters by miconazole combined with two compound which can inhibit the drug efflux of C. albicans. Methods Lab reference strains of C. albicans YEM30(CAF2-1) formed the mature biofilm in the 96 well plates, and then treated with miconazole combined with Enniatin B (CDR1 inhibitor) and Milbemycins ot25 (CDRI/CDR2 inhibitor) respectively. After incubated for 48 hours by CFU counting on the YPD plates, the analysis of persisters with SAS8.0 software package for q test. Results Miconazole combined with drug efflux inhibitor can kill more persisters than miconazole alone(P <0.001), and combining with Enniatin B have a better results in eliminating the biofilm persisters than with Milbemycins α25. Conclusion Antifungal drugs combined with drug efflux pump inhibitors can kill more strains which can tolerate very high concentration of antifungal drugs. And searching the potential drug efflux pump inhibitors may be a new way for eliminating the persisters in biofilm, and consequently controlling the chronic recurrent fungal infectious diseases.

Effect of hypoxia on adhesion and invasion of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line Tca8113 / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the effect of synthesized small interfering RNA targeting to HIF-lα on the adhesion and invasion of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line (Tca8113). Methods; A double strand small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting HIF-1α (siRNAH1Fla) was transfected into cultured Tca8113 cells by lipofectamine2000. The expression of HIF-1α was investigated on mRNA level by real time-PCR and protein level by Western blot. The adhesion and invasion of Tca8113 cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) was also analyzed. Results: Exposure to hypoxia induced a prolonged elevation of HIF-lα protein and siRNAHIF.la reduced HIF-la synthesis as measured on mRNA level and protein level compared with the controls. No matter under normoxic or hy-poxic conditions, the adhesion potency of siRNAHIF-1α treated Tca8113 cells was markedly inhibited compared with controls(P<0.05 or P <0.01). So did the invasion potency (P<0.01). The adhesion and invasion potency of siRNAHIF.,a treated Tca8113 cells were inhibited more greatly under hypoxic condition than under normoxic condition ((36.4±2.7)% vs(26±2.35);(44.2±2.2)% vs (35±1.75), P<0.01)). Conclusion; siRNAH1F.lo can knockdown the expression of HIF-la and inhibit the cell adhesion and invasion to ECM in Tca8113 cells. HIF-la may play an established role in the regulation of Tca8113 cells invasion and metastasis. Interfering with HIF-1α pathways by siRNA strategy may provide a therapeutic target for human tongue squamous cell carcinomas.

Effect of extracelinlar signal regulated kinase signal pathway on apoptosis induced by MG262 in ovarian cancer cells / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate whether the proteasomes inhibitor MG262 exerts its anticancer function by inducing apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cells,and whether the extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of apoptosis induction.Method Human ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 was incubated with different concentrations of MG262 for 24 and 48 hours.Cell viability was evaluated with 3-(4,5-dimethyhhiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at different time points of culturing.Flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate.The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was evaluated with western blot and enzyme-linked immtmosorbent assay (ELISA).Western blot was used to detect the expression of phosphorylated ERK(pERK) .Results The viability of SKOV3 cells was decreased by MG262 in a concentration-dependent fashion(P＜0.05).After 24 h incubation with MG262 at 1,10,20,40,60 and 80 nmol/L,the viability rates of SKOV3 were (94.6±3.1)%,(92.7±3.7)%,(89.5±7.7)%,(84.2±5.1)%,(82.0±7.4)%and(76.8±11.0) % respectively,and after 48 h incubation,those figures were further decreased to (91.3±10.1)%,(86.8±4.5)%,(74.6±4.2)%,(56.8±2.1)%,(49.3±4.5)% and (37.4±5.4) %,respectively(P＜0.05).Apoptosis rate of SKOV3 cells induced by MG262,PD98059 or their combination was (30.7±4.3)%,(26.8±8.6)% and (50.3±10.6)%,respectively,which were significantly different compared with controls (P＜0.05).In contrast to SKOV3 cells,apoptosis rate of 293T ceils induced by MG262,PD98059 or their combination was (14.5±5.3) %,(16.2±7.5) % and (10.8±7.3)%,respectively,which were not significantly different compared with controls (P＞0.05).pERK expression decreased gradually in a time-dependent manner. And wild-type p53 expression was not significantly different.There was no significant difference between experimental and control 293T cells(P＜0.05).In addition,MG262 down-regulated VEGF secretion and expression in SKOV3 ceils (P＜0.05).Conclusions Proteasome inhibitors can induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation and angiogenesis through ERK signal pathway in SKOV3 cells.

Relations Between Autonomy and Social Adjustment of College Students / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective:The research investigated the characters of college students' autonomy and its relation to social adjustment.Methods:650 college students from Xi'an completed The Self-Regulatory Questionnaire and The Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS).Results:① Boys' autonomy level was higher than girls';There were no significant differences of autonomy level in the first three years of college,but the senior year appeared a slight reduction.②There were significant correlations between autonomy and social adjustment.③Students with higher autonomy had significant better social adjustment than lower autonomy students.④ Autonomy had direct effect on social adjustment.Conclusion:There are significant correlations between autonomy and social adjustment.

Nitrasotion of Astemizole Followed by Its Determination Using Single-sweep Oscillopolarography / 分析化学

Astemizole is nitrasoted with sodium nitrite in 0.12 mo l/L HAc solution at boiling bath for 25 min. The nitrosation product of astemizo le shows a reduction peak by single-sweep oscillopolarography. The peak potenti al is -0.72V (vs.Ag/AgCl). The first-order derivative peak current is propo rtional to the concentration of astemizole in the range of 4.0×10-7～1.6 ×10-5 mol/L (r=0.9997), with detection limit of 2.0×10-7 mol/L . The proposed method has been applied to the determination of astemizole in pha rmaceutical tablets.

Ceftibuten vs ofloxacin in treating urinary tract infection / 中国新药与临床杂志

AIM: To compare the effects of ceftibuten and ofloxacin in treating urinary tract infections (UTI).　METHODS: The 102 UTI patients (M 45, F 57; age 49 a±　s 13 a) were divided randomly into two groups (each group including 51 patients). The ceftibuten group (31 secondry UTI patients and 20 primary UTI patients) were given ceftibuten 400 mg, po, qd for 10.4 d±2.7 d. The ofloxacin group (30 secondary UTI patients and 21 primary UTI patients) were given ofloxacin 100 mg, po, tid for 10 d±3 d.　RESULTS: The total effect rate of two groups was 92 % and 76 %(P<0.05) respectively. The total bacterial clearance rate of two group was 92 % and 78 % (P>0.05) respectively. 　CONCLUSION: Ceftibuten is more effective than ofloxacin in treating UTI patients.

VP22 Enhanced Intercellular Trafficking of HSV Thymidine Kinase Promoted an Effective Cell Killing Effect at Lower Concentration of Ganciclovir / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective: To explore the enhanced cell killing effect of HSV tk using VP22 intercellular traffciking. Methods: The chimeric genes were constructed by fusing a marker gene for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or a prodrug enzyme gene for the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV tk) with that of VP22. After being sequenced, the fusion genes were transferred into 293T or COS7 cells. The transfection efficiency and intercellular trafficking were certified using Western blot and immunofluorescence.The cell proliferation was detected through MTT method in the different concentration of GCV and under indicated between transfected cells and untransfected cells. The supernatant of transfected cells was used to culture the untransfected cells to test whether the bystander effect could transferred by media. Results: The gene insertion was proved correct using PCR and DNA sequencing. When the fusion genes were transferred into 293T or COS7 cells at transfection efficiency of 25%～30%, fusion proteins were expressed and efficient intercellular trafficking was demonstrated.The VP22 HSV tk, as a prodrug enzyme fused with VP22, showed an amplified cell killing effect in the presence of GCV as low as 0.1 ?g/ml. Further quantification of the bystander effect showed that cell killing increased with higher proportion of VP22 HSV tk expressing cells. The bystander effect could not be transferred through media. Conclusion: These results clearly indicate that VP22 enhanced intercellular trafficking promotes tumor cell killing effect of HSV tk/GCV.