Résumé
Objective: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) related to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 11 children with MIS-C, who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Peking University First Hospital from December 2022 to January 2023. Clinical characteristics, treatment, and follow-up of MIS-C were summarized in this study. Results: The 11 cases contained 7 boys and 4 girls, with an age of 4.4 (2.0, 5.5) years on admission. All the patients had fever, with a duration of 7(5, 9) days. Other clinical manifestations included rash in 7 cases, conjunctival hyperemia in 5 cases, red lips and raspberry tongue in 3 cases, lymphadenopathy in 3 cases, and swollen fingers and toes in 2 cases. There were 8 cases of digestive symptoms, 8 cases of respiratory symptoms, and 3 cases of nervous system symptoms. Eight patients had multi-system injuries, and one of them had shock presentation. All 11 patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BF.7 variant. The laboratory examination results showed that all cases had elevated inflammatory indicators, abnormal coagulation function and myocardial damage. Six patients had elevated white blood cell counts, 5 cases had liver function abnormalities, 3 cases had kidney function abnormalities, and 8 cases had coronary artery involvement. All 11 patients received anti-infection treatment, of which 3 cases received only 2 g/kg intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), while the remaining 8 cases received a combination of IVIG and 2 mg/(kg·d) methylprednisolone. Among the 8 cases with coronary artery disease, 6 cases received low molecular weight heparin anticoagulation therapy. All patients were followed up in 2 weeks after being discharged, and their inflammatory markers had returned to normal by that time. The 8 cases with coronary artery disease and 3 cases with pneumonia showed significant improvement or back to normal at the 4-week follow-up. All patients had no new complications or comorbidities during follow-up of more than 3 months. Conclusions: MIS-C may present with Kawasaki disease-like symptoms, with or without gastrointestinal, neurological, or respiratory symptoms. Elevated inflammatory markers, abnormal coagulation function, and cardiac injury contribute to the diagnosis of MIS-C. IVIG and methylprednisolone were the primary treatments for MIS-C, and a favorable short-term prognosis was observed during a follow-up period of more than 3 months.
Sujets)
Mâle , Femelle , Humains , Enfant , SARS-CoV-2 , Maladie des artères coronaires , Immunoglobulines par voie veineuse/usage thérapeutique , Études rétrospectives , COVID-19/complications , Maladies du tissu conjonctif , Méthylprednisolone/usage thérapeutique , Syndrome de réponse inflammatoire généralisée/traitement médicamenteuxRésumé
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase(UGT) is a highly conserved protein in plants, which usually functions in secondary metabolic pathways. This study used the Hidden Markov Model(HMM) to screen out members of UGT gene family in the whole genome of Dendrobium officinale, and 44 UGT genes were identified. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the structure, phylogeny, and promoter region components of D. officinale genes. The results showed that UGT gene family could be divided into four subfamilies, and UGT gene structure was relatively conserved in each subfamily, with nine conserved domains. The upstream promoter region of UGT gene contained a variety of cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and environmental factors, indicating that UGT gene expression may be induced by plant hormones and external environmental factors. UGT gene expression in different tissues of D. officinale was compared, and UGT gene expression was found in all parts of D. officinale. It was speculated that UGT gene played an important role in many tissues of D. officinale. Through transcriptome analysis of D. officinale mycorrhizal symbiosis environment, low temperature stress, and phosphorus deficiency stress, this study found that only one gene was up-regulated in all three conditions. The results of this study can help understand the functions of UGT gene family in Orchidaceae plants and provide a basis for further study on the molecular regulation mechanism of polysaccharide metabolism pathway in D. officinale.
Sujets)
Dendrobium/génétique , Facteur de croissance végétal , Glycosyltransferase/métabolisme , Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes , Mycorhizes , Phylogenèse , Protéines végétales/métabolismeRésumé
In 2021, a total of 151 pregnant women were selected from the suburb of Shanghai. A questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data about maternal age, gestational week, total annual household income, education level and passive smoking among pregnant women and one spot urine was collected. The concentrations of eight neonicotinoid pesticides and four metabolites in urine were measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The differences in detection frequencies and concentrations of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites among pregnant women with different characteristics were compared, and the influencing factors of the detection of neonicotinoid pesticides in urine were analyzed. The results showed that at least one neonicotinoid pesticide was detected in 93.4% (141 samples) of urine samples. The detection frequencies of N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam, and N-desmethyl-clothianidin were high, about 78.1% (118 samples), 75.5% (114 samples), 68.9% (104 samples), and 44.4% (67 samples), respectively. The median concentration of the sum of all neonicotinoid pesticides was 2.66 μg/g. N-desmethyl-acetamiprid had the highest detection concentration with a median concentration of 1.04 μg/g. A lower urinary detection frequency of imidacloprid and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women aged 30-44 years [OR (95%CI): 0.23 (0.07-0.77)]. A higher detection frequency of clothianidin and its metabolites was seen in pregnant women with per capita annual household income≥100 000 yuan [OR (95%CI): 6.15 (1.56-24.28)]. There was widespread exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in pregnant women from the suburb of Shanghai, which might pose potential health risks to pregnant women, and maternal age and household income were potential influencing factors of the exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Pesticides/analyse , Femmes enceintes , Chine , Néonicotinoïdes/analyse , InsecticidesRésumé
Objective: To analyze the relationship between sedentary behavior and the force expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) reduction in middle-aged and elderly people in communities. Methods: The participants aged ≥40 years were randomly selected from a natural population cohort in Songjiang District, Shanghai, for pulmonary function tests and survey by using international physical activity questionnaire, a generalized additive model was used to analyze the association between sedentary behavior and FEV1 reduction in the study population and different sex-age subgroups. Results: A total of 3 121 study subjects aged ≥40 years were included. The prevalence of FEV1 reduction was 14.8%, which was higher in men than in women. There were 24.8% participants were completely sedentary. The prevalence of FEV1 reduction in women aged <60 years in complete sedentary group was 2.04 (95%CI: 1.11-3.72) times higher than that in non-complete sedentary group. In men aged <60 years, the prevalence of FEV1 reduction increased with daily sedentary time (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.04-1.29), and the prevalence of FEV1 reduction was also higher in those with sedentary time >5 hours/day than those with sedentary time ≤5 hours/day (OR=3.02, 95%CI: 1.28-7.16). The sensitivity analysis also found such associations. Conclusions: FEV1 reduction rate in age group <60 years was associated with sedentary behavior. Complete sedentary behavior or absence of moderate to vigorous physical activity played important roles in FEV1 reduction in women, while men were more likely to be affected by increased sedentary time, which had no association with physical activity. Reducing sedentary time to avoid complete sedentary behavior, along with increased physical activity, should be encouraged in middle-aged and elderly adults in communities to improve their pulmonary function.
Sujets)
Mâle , Sujet âgé , Adulte d'âge moyen , Humains , Adulte , Femelle , Nourrisson , Mode de vie sédentaire , Chine/épidémiologie , Exercice physique , Enquêtes et questionnaires , PrévalenceRésumé
SUMMARY: This study aimed to compare the clinical value of carotid ultrasound and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for carotid artery stenosis in patients with cerebral infarction. Sixty patients with cerebral infarction underwent carotid ultrasound and DSA. Carotid artery stenosis, degree of stenosis (mild, moderate, severe, and occlusion), and carotid artery plaques were recorded and compared. Carotid stenosis rate was 96.67 % (58/60) and 91.67 % (55/60) on DSA and carotid ultrasound, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant. Mild, moderate, and severe carotid artery stenosis and occlusion were diagnosed in 35, 28, 20, and 17 arteries, respectively, with DSA, and in 39, 25, 10, and 9 arteries, respectively, with carotid ultrasound. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of carotid stenosis between the two methods (p<0.05). The kappa value of carotid plaques detected by carotid ultrasound and DSA was 0.776, indicating good consistency. Both carotid ultrasound and DSA are effective for screening carotid artery stenosis and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. While carotid ultrasound is faster and more convenient, DSA can more accurately detect the degree of stenosis and presence of occlusion. Thus, our recommendation is a combination of carotid ultrasound and DSA in clinical settings to improve the convenience and accuracy of diagnosis.
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el valor clínico de la ecografía carotídea y la angiografía por sustracción digital (DSA) para la estenosis de la arteria carótida en pacientes con infarto cerebral. Sesenta pacientes con infarto cerebral fueron sometidos a ecografía carotídea y DSA. Se registraron y compararon la estenosis de la arteria carótida, el grado de estenosis (leve, moderada, grave y oclusión) y las placas de la arteria carótida. La tasa de estenosis carotídea fue del 96,67 % (58/60) y del 91,67 % (55/60) en DSA y ecografía carotídea, respectivamente, y la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Se diagnosticaron estenosis y oclusión de la arteria carótida leve, moderada y grave en 35, 28, 20 y 17 arterias, respectivamente, con DSA, y en 39, 25, 10 y 9 arterias, respectivamente, con ecografía carotídea. Hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en el grado de estenosis carotídea entre los dos métodos (p<0,05). El valor kappa de las placas carotídeas detectadas por ecografía carotídea y DSA fue de 0,776, lo que indica una buena consistencia. Tanto la ecografía carotídea como la DSA son eficaces para detectar la estenosis de la arteria carótida y las placas ateroscleróticas carotídeas. Si bien la ecografía carotídea es más rápida y conveniente, la DSA puede detectar con mayor precisión el grado de estenosis y la presencia de oclusión. Por lo tanto, nuestra recomendación es una combinación de ecografía carotídea y DSA en entornos clínicos para mejorar la conveniencia y precisión del diagnóstico.
Sujets)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Science des ultrasons , Angiographie de soustraction digitale , Infarctus cérébral/complications , Sténose carotidienne/imagerie diagnostique , Études rétrospectives , Sténose carotidienne/étiologieRésumé
Objective: To analyze the diversity differences of gut microbiota between school-aged obese children and normal-weight children and identify the characteristic flora in obese children to provide some evidence for the subsequent study of the following study-related mechanisms and the prevention and treatment of obesity in school-aged children. Methods: This study was based on a cohort established in a primary school in Jiading district, Shanghai, 2016. Sixty-three children, including 43 boys and 20 girls, who were obese during the three years from 2016 to 2018, were enrolled in the obesity group. Among children who were average weight for three years, a total of 63 were selected as the control group, with matching with the obese ones in a 1 to 1 way according to age, sex and class. The primary characteristics, diet status, breastfeeding, and other information of children were collected by questionnaire. Fecal samples of participants in both groups were collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing was performed. Operable taxon units clustering according to 97% similarity and species annotation were based on the quality-optimized sequences. The difference in the diversity and genius of gut microbiota among children in the obesity and control groups were analyzed. The α diversity indices, including Ace, Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson index, were calculated. The β diversity was presented based on unweighted Unifrac distance and weighted Unifrac space by principal coordinate analysis. The differences in β diversity between the two groups were compared by similarity analysis (ANOSIM).The differences in genus distribution between the two groups were selected by STAMP software. The association of obesity with the α diversity and genus with significant differences were analyzed by the generalized linear model (GLM). Results: The Ace and Chao1 index in the obesity group was significantly lower than those in the control group (The P values were 0.026 and 0.039, respectively). There was no significant difference in Shannon and Simpson index between the two groups (The P values were 0.879 and 0.922, respectively). The results of ANOSIM showed differences in gut microbiota between the two groups (R>0), but the group contribution was not significant (unweighted Unifrac distance: R=0.006, P=0.223; weighted Unifrac distance: R=0.010, P=0.134). Among the obese group, the relative abundance of Prevotella and Sarcina was highest in the endemic genus. The STAMP results showed that the relative lots of 15 genera were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05). The results of GLM showed that, compared with the control group, the obesity group had a lower level of the relative abundance in Akkermansia muciniphila, while a higher level in Coprococcus_3, Ruminococcus, Agathobacter and Collinsella. After stratification by sex, the Chao1 index was also lower in the obese boys than that in the normal-weight boys. However, the obese girls only had a higher level in Coprococcus_3 than the ordinary weight girls. Conclusions: Compared with children with average weight, obese children had lower α diversity of gut microbiota and lower relative abundance of dominant probiotics but had a higher relative lot of genus associated with metabolic disorders, inflammation promotion, and metabolism rate reduction.
Sujets)
Enfant , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Chine/épidémiologie , Études de cohortes , Fèces , Microbiome gastro-intestinal/génétique , Obésité pédiatrique/épidémiologieRésumé
Objective: To estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and explore possible risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults of rural communities in Yuhuan county, Zhejiang province, China. Methods: During June-December, 2018, a follow-up survey was conducted in participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline survey in 2012 to obtain the information collected in questionnaire survey, anthropometric data and laboratory data. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the participants was estimated, and Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95%CI. Results: Among 3 162 participants, 522 new metabolic syndrome cases were identified. The 6-year cumulative incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was 16.5%, and the cumulative incidence rate was higher in women (20.6%) than that in men (12.3%, P<0.001). Those incidence rates were higher in those in jobless, smoking or drinking groups. Being women (aRR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.50-2.58) and family history of hypertension (aRR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.63) were independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The follow up indicated that the incidence of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in rural adults on islands in Zhejiang, and women or those with family history of hypertension were more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
Sujets)
Adulte , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Incidence , Iles , Syndrome métabolique X/épidémiologie , Facteurs de risque , Population ruraleRésumé
On February 2022, WHO released the evidence-based guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in disease-endemic countries by 2030 and promote the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission across the world. Based on the One Health concept, six evidence-based recommendations were proposed in this guideline. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of key aspects of this guideline in Chinese national schistosomiasis control program and illustrate the significance to guide the future actions for Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Currently, the One Health concept has been embodied in the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Based on this new WHO guideline, the following recommendations are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China: (1) improving the systematic framework building, facilitating the agreement of the cross-sectoral consensus, and building a high-level leadership group; (2) optimizing the current human and livestock treatments in the national schistosomiasis control program of China; (3) developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostics and the framework for verifying elimination of schistosomiasis; (4) accelerating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases through integrating the national control programs for other parasitic diseases.
Sujets)
Humains , Chine/épidémiologie , Éradication de maladie , Santé publique , Schistosomiase/prévention et contrôle , Organisation mondiale de la santéRésumé
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.
Sujets)
Humains , Chine/épidémiologie , Éradication de maladie , Santé publique , Schistosomiase/prévention et contrôle , Organisation mondiale de la santéRésumé
@#Objective - - (BCL2L2)- ( ) To investigate the differential expression of the fusion gene BCL 2 like protein 2 poly A (PABPN1) ( ) binding protein nuclear 1 induced by sodium arsenite SA and its methylated metabolites in 16HBE cells and the Methods ) , related mechanism. i The 16HBE cells exposed to SA at concentrations of 1.5 3.0 and 4.5 µmol/L were set as -, - - low medium and high dose arsenic exposure groups. The 16HBE cells exposed to 4.5 µmol/L monomethylarsonic acid ( ), ( ) , MMA dimethylarsonic acid DMA and SA were set as MMA group DMA group and SA group. The 16HBE cells without , BCL2L2-PABPN1 toxic stimulation were set as control group. After the cells were cultured for 48 hours the expression of was - ( - ) ) ( ) detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction qRT PCR . ii Two small interfering RNA siRNA silencing 基金项目:国家自然科学基金( ); 年云南省科技厅昆明医科大学应用基础研究联合专项面上项目 82160607 2021 ( ) 202101AY070001-054 作者简介:施雅( —),女,在读大学本科生,主要从事劳动卫生与环境卫生学研究;尹锦瑶( —),女,在读劳动卫生与环境卫 2001 1995 生学硕士研究生,主要从事劳动卫生与环境卫生学研究;施雅和尹锦瑶为共同第一作者 通讯作者:何越峰教授,博士研究生导师,- : E mail heyuefeng@kmmu.edu.cn中国职业医学 年 月第 卷第 期 , , , · · 2022 10 49 5 Chin Occup Med October 2022 Vol.49 No.5 523 BCL2L2-PABPN1, - fragments were designed and transfected into 16HBE cells to knockdown which were set as siRNA 1 group - - BCL2L2-PABPN1 and siRNA 2 group. Non transfected control group without knockdown of transfection was set up. After , BCL2L2-PABPN1 - culturing for 48 hours the expression level of in the three groups of cells was detected by qRT PCR. The cell - survival rate and early apoptosis rate were detected by MTS method and JC 1 mitochondrial membrane potential detection , ( ) , method respectively. The apoptosis was detected by Hoechest33342/propidium iodide PI double staining and the expression - Results ) level of P53 signaling pathway related proteins was detected by Western blotting. i The relative expression of BCL2L2-PABPN1 (P ) BCL2L2- in 16HBE cells increased with the increasing SA doses <0.01 . The relative expression of PABPN1 - , - - in high dose arsenic exposure was higher than that in control group low dose and medium dose arsenic exposure ( P ) BCL2L2-PABPN1 , groups all <0.05 . The relative expression of in SA group was higher than those in control group MMA ( P ) BCL2L2-PABPN1 group and DMA group all <0.05 . The relative expression of showed no significant difference between , ( P ) ) BCL2L2-PABPN1 control group MMA group and DMA group all >0.05 . ii The relative expression levels of and cell - - - ( P ) survival rate in siRNA 1 group and siRNA 2 group were lower than those in non transfected control group all <0.05 . , (P ) However there was no significant difference in the early apoptosis rate among the three groups >0.05 . The results of - Hoechest33342/PI double staining showed that the number of nuclear shrinkage and early apoptotic cells in siRNA 1 group and - - , - siRNA 2 group was higher than that in non transfected control group. The relative protein expression levels of P53 phospho , - - , - - ( P ) p53 BCL 2 associated death promoter P21 and cytochrome C in siRNA 1 group and siRNA 2 group were higher all <0.05 , - - P and the relative protein expression levels of P53 up regulated modulator of apoptosis were lower (all <0.05), when compared - Conclusion with the non transfected control group. SA may block the apoptosis of 16HBE cells by inducing the expression of BCL2L2-PABPN1 fusion gene . The mechanism may be related to the activation of P53 signaling pathway. The SA methylated BCL2L2-PABPN1 BCL2L2-PABPN1 - metabolites MMD and DMA had no effect on the expression of . may affect anti apoptosis BCL2L2 PABPN1 through affecting the synergistic effect of and genes.
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SUMMARY: Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) was one of the main causes of ischemic stroke onset and recurrence. About 30 % of strokes were caused by intracranial artery stenosis. Intracranial artery stenosis had a high incidence in China and faced a high risk of recurrence for a long time. It affected patient safety and quality of life seriously. At the same time, it caused a heavy financial burden for the patient´s family. Therefore, early detection and accuracy of intracranial artery stenosis evaluation were extremely important. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) had been widely used in clinical examinations, making up for the shortcomings of traditional vascular imaging methods that could only show the degree of luminal stenosis, making it possible to perform lumens, tube wall and plaque features of atherosclerotic intracranial arteries at the same time. There were still some controversies about the credibility of this technique in assessing the intracranial artery lumen stenosis. This article reviewed the application efficacy of HR-MRI technology in evaluating the degree of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.
RESUMEN: La estenosis de arterias intracraneales (ICAS) es una de las principales causas del ictus isquémico, como así también de su recurrencia. Alrededor del 30 % de los ataques cerebrovasculares son causados por estenosis de la arteria intracraneal. La estenosis de arterias intracraneales tiene una alta incidencia en China y enfrenta un alto riesgo de recurrencia, afectando gravemente la seguridad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Al mismo tiempo, supone una importante carga financiera para la familia de los pacientes. Por lo tanto, la detección temprana y la precisión de la evaluación de la estenosis de arterias intracraneales es extremadamente importante. La resonancia magnética de alta resolución (HR-MRI, por sus siglas en inglés) es utilizada ampliamente en los exámenes clínicos, compensando las deficiencias de los métodos tradicionales de imágenes vasculares que solo pueden mostrar el grado de estenosis luminal, haciendo posible el estudio de las características del lumen, pared vascular y la placa ateroesclerótica, de las arterias intracraneales afectadas, al mismo tiempo. Aún existen algunas controversias sobre la credibilidad de esta técnica en la evaluación de la estenosis del lumen de arterias intracraneales. En este artículo se revisó la eficacia de la aplicación de la tecnología HR-MRI para evaluar el grado de estenosis aterosclerótica intracraneal.
Sujets)
Humains , Imagerie par résonance magnétique/méthodes , Artériosclérose intracrânienne/imagerie diagnostique , Imagerie tridimensionnelle/méthodes , Sténose pathologique/imagerie diagnostique , Accident vasculaire cérébral/prévention et contrôleRésumé
Since July 2020, nucleic acids of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 were frequently detected in cold chain food imported to China, making imported food being a potential risk to the COVID-19 outbreak. Based on the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, imported cold-chain food and their packaging may become the carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in long-distance cross-border transportation. In each aspect of stakeholders including governmental supervision, manufacturers and consumers, China should strengthen the risk management of imported cold-chain food to ensure the safety, especially pay attention to the health protection of industry workers in close contact with cold -chain food.
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The earthquake occurred in Japan on March 11, 2011 was accompanied by a tsunami, which also led to a leakage accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The disaster caused large-scale casualties and property damage. Soma City in Fukushima Prefecture established a disaster response headquarter and held its first meeting 9 minutes after the earthquake. Disaster response can be divided into three stages. In the first phase, life protection is the primary task. In the second phase, the primary tasks are health protection and basic life support. And in the third phase, life quality improvement is the primary task. This article reviewed the public health emergency response of local governments in Japan after the disaster in order to improve the response to public health emergencies in China.
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Neonicotinoid is a kind of neuroactive pesticide, and it has become the most widely used pesticide in the world. In recent years, neonicotinoid has been detected in the environment and food, suggesting that human can be exposed to this kind of pesticide through drinking water, ingestion and respiration, which poses potential health hazards to human. However, there is no comprehensive report on the pollution level of neonicotinoid pesticides in the environment and food and the impact on human health. In this paper, the pollution status, population exposure level and potential health risks of neonicotinoid pesticides in water, air and food were reviewed. We found that neonicotinoid residues are widespread in fruits and vegetables, of which imidacloprid has the highest detection rate. Except for a few samples with excessive neonicotinoid detection, the detection level in most samples did not exceed national food safety standards. A variety of neonicotinoid pesticides have been detected in the air, surface water, tap water and drinking water. External exposure studies in the population have shown that ingestion is the main route of exposure to neonicotinoid, and the external exposure level is much lower than its chronic reference dose. The internal exposure study mainly detected the concentration of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites in urine. A variety of neonicotinoid pesticides and their metabolites are detected in urine, and the concentration range is ng/ml level. Internal exposure studies found that the detection rate of thiamethoxam and dinotefuran in urine is higher, and the detection rate of neonicotinoid in Asian countries is higher than that in European and American countries. Occupational exposure studies found that neonicotinoid exposure levels increased after pesticide spraying, and the exposure levels in rural areas where pesticides were commonly used were higher than those in neighboring urban areas. Animal experiments have found that neonicotinoid pesticides have reproductive toxicity, genetic toxicity, neurotoxicity, immunotoxicity, liver toxicity and nephrotoxicity to non-target organisms. Cell experiments suggest that neonicotinoid is an endocrine disruptor. The symptoms of acute exposure in humans are related to the exposure dose, route and physical condition of the exposed person, which ranges from mild symptoms (nausea, vomiting, headache and diarrhea) to death. Population epidemiological studies have shown that chronic exposure to neonicotinoid pesticides is associated with adverse health effects in humans such as neonatal tetralogy of Fallot, anencephaly, and adverse mental symptoms.
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Objective:To investigate the association of alcohol drinking and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in men and to provide evidences for early prevention of diabetes. Methods:Rural adult males without diabetes in Deqing County, Zhejiang Province were enrolled. A dynamic prospective cohort study was conducted. Data were collected through questionnaires, physical examination, experimental measurements and a electronic follow-up database. Cox multivariate regression was performed to assess the association of alcohol drinking and the incident risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Results:During the follow-up period (7.15±2.90 years), 354 men developed diabetes, and the incidence rate was 4.15/1 000 person-years. After adjusting for confounding factors, the incident risk of type 2 diabetes among the men with high alcohol drinking frequency (≥7 times/week) and low single alcohol intake (0.1-19.9 g/occasion) was lower than that among non-alcohol drinkers, and the value of HR (95%CI) was 0.72 (0.56-0.94) and 0.54 (0.30-0.99), respectively. Consumption of ≥40.0 g alcohol per occasion 3-6 times a week increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes, and consumption of <40.0 g alcohol per occasion over 7 times a week decreased the incidence of type 2 diabetes, with the value of HR (95%CI) of 1.53 (1.02-2.30) and 0.52 (0.28-0.99) respectively. Conclusion:Different alcohol drinking patterns affect the incident risk of type 2 diabetes among rural adult males in Deqing County. Further study on alcohol drinking and diabetes may have ethical and practical significance for the prevention and control of diabetes in rural China.
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This study introduces the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the adjustment of response initiatives, and the global variation of novel coronaviruses and vaccination in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. It summarizes the achievements in prevention and control efforts in China during COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, it describes the key public health issues in Chinese response strategy that includes: promoting the establishment of a population immunization system; optimizing health certification by unifying health codes, trip codes, and vaccine passes as a triple-identification at the national level; retaining nucleic acid testing as a technical means of detecting the source of infection and epidemiological investigation of close contacts; adhering to the requirements of public places, public transportation and other measures such as wearing masks; strengthening the surveillance of COVID-19 and respiratory infectious diseases; normalizing the timing of implementation of prevention and control strategies.
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This study introduces the current status of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, the adjustment of response initiatives, and the global variation of novel coronaviruses and vaccination in Europe, the United States, Japan, and Singapore. It summarizes the achievements in prevention and control efforts in China during COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, it describes the key public health issues in Chinese response strategy that includes: promoting the establishment of a population immunization system; optimizing health certification by unifying health codes, trip codes, and vaccine passes as a triple-identification at the national level; retaining nucleic acid testing as a technical means of detecting the source of infection and epidemiological investigation of close contacts; adhering to the requirements of public places, public transportation and other measures such as wearing masks; strengthening the surveillance of COVID-19 and respiratory infectious diseases; normalizing the timing of implementation of prevention and control strategies.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect and precautions of setting up a genetic clinic for hereditary colorectal cancers.@*METHODS@#To collect the information of the patients who received genetic screening and genetic counseling at our hospital from January 2016 to June 2018, and analyze the role of family history collection and follow-up management.@*RESULTS@#The detection rate of family history of tumors has increased by 13.6%. Follow up management was carried out in 156 families with hereditary colorectal cancer confirmed by detection of germline mutations. Five cases of early colorectal cancers and 12 cases of adenomatous polyps were detected and treated.@*CONCLUSION@#To set up genetic clinic is helpful to standardize the management of high-risk population, and attention should be paid to the role of family history collection and follow-up management.
Sujets)
Humains , Tumeurs colorectales/chirurgie , Conseil génétique , Dépistage génétique/normes , Mutation germinale , Facteurs de risqueRésumé
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of polygonatum polysaccharide on zebrafish with Alzheimer disease. METHODS Zebrafish were trained in T maze for 7 d. The 40 zebrafish successfully trained were divided into 4 groups:blank group, model group, positive group and polygonatum polysaccharide group. Model group, positive group and polygonatum polysaccharide group were put in AlCl3100μg·L-1 for 6 d. The positive group was exposed to Huperzine A solution 4μg·L-1, and the polygonatum polysaccharide group was exposed to polygonatum polysaccharide solution 6 g·L-1 for 6 d. The model group was not treated, and the blank group was not treated. Each stage of zebrafish was recorded by video, and the time of each group in the EC region was analyzed. After administration, the brain tissue was taken out and the expression of N-cadherin, P38 and p-P38 protein factors was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS In behavior, the analysis of the time spent in the EC area, the blank group, the positive group and the polygonatum polysac?charide group were compared with the model group, respectively, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). At the protein level, compared with the model group, the P38 and p-P38 proteins in the positive group and the polygonatum polysaccharide group were down-regulated, while the N-cadherin protein was up-regulated, with statistical difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Polygonatum polysaccharide can improve the learning and memory ability of zebrafish with Alzheimer disease by up regulating the protein level of N-cadherin and hindering P38 phosphorylation.
Résumé
Objective To evaluate the impact of water pollutants, water levels and meteorological factors on the Oncomelania hupensis density in Eastern Dongting Lake regions, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis control. Methods O. hupensis snails were surveyed using a systematic sampling method in snail-infested marshlands in Eastern Dongting Lake regions from 2007 to 2014, and data pertaining to water pollutants, water levels and meteorological factors were collected. The duration of submergence and the date of the start of submergence were calculated. The snail density and its influencing factors were descriptively analyzed, and a linear mixed model was generated to examine the impacts of variables on the snail density. In addition, smooth curves were fitted to investigate the relationship between snail density and variables. Results The snail density appeared a fluctuation in Eastern Dongting Lake regions during the period from 2007 to 2014, with the highest density on October, 2010 (52.79 snails/0.1 m2) and the lowest density on January 2009 (2.15 snails/0.1 m2). Linear mixed-model analysis showed that permanganate index, total phosphorus and the date of the start of submergence affected the snail density (t = 6.386, −2.920 and −3.892, all P values < 0.01). Smooth curve analysis revealed that the associations of the snail density with the permanganate index and total phosphorus appeared an approximately quadratic curve. After the end of April, the earlier date of the start of submergence resulted in a higher snail density. Conclusion Permenganate index, total phosphorus and the date of the start of submergence affect the O. hupensis snail density in Eastern Dongting Lake regions.