Coagulase negative Staphylococci as causative agents of urinary tract infections-prevalence and resistance status in IGIMS, Patna.

Previously considered solely as the laboratory contaminants and normal flora of skin in man, coagulase negative Staphylococci are now a major cause of nosocomial and opportunistic infections. This study was conducted at IGIMS, Patna to find out the coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates from urine and their antimicrobial resistance. In a period of ten months, the relative frequency of main coagulase negative Staphylococci were as follows--Staphylococcus epidermidis-45.90%, Staphylococcus saprophyticus 34% and Staphylococcus haemolyticus-8.50%. others were 11.60%. most of the Staphylococcus saprophyticus was isolated from young female patients suffering from uncomplicated acute cystitis and Staphylococcus epidermidis was mainly from patients with indwelling catheters and complicated cases. Staphylococcus saprophyticus showed the highest sensitivities to all the antimicrobials whereas Staphylococcus haemolyticus had the highest resistance rates. 66.6% of staphylococcus epidermidis and 60% of staphylococcus haemolyticus were resistant to oxacillin, whereas only 10% of staphylococcus saprophyticus resistant and 90% were sensitive to it. As is in the emerging state, vancomycin resistance was very less but in future it may cause a major problem to treat these cases. So this area needs further exploration.

Prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus coinfection in chronic liver disease.

Coinfection with HBV and HCV may lead to serious consequences. The present study was done to find out the prevalence of coinfection in patients with chronic liver disease. From patients with hepatitis and chronic liver disease 1673 samples were received and analysed for HBsAg by ELISA. 1342 samples were analysed for anti HCV by third generation ELISA. 493 samples positive for HBsAg were also analysed for Anti HCV to see the prevalence of coinfection. 15(3.0%) were found positive for both HBsAg and anti HCV. Out of 15 patients with coinfection 4 (26.6%) had HCC. Prevalence of HCC in patients with coinfection was higher than either infection alone i.e. HBV-9.1% and HCV-16.5%.

Prostate specific antigen as tumor marker: relationship with histologic grading.

PSA is emerging as the best marker in oncology and had a profound impact on all aspects of prostate cancer care. From clinically suspected prostate tumor, 395 serum samples were taken out and estimated for serum PSA. Among elevated serum PSA, 98 were correlated with histologic findings. 42(42.8%) cases were BHP among 98 cases and 78.7% had serum PSA level within 10 ng/ml. 5 patients (5.1%) had PIN histologically, 3(60%) of which had PSA level upto 10 ng/ml and 2(40%) had serum PSA upto 20 ng/ml. 51(52%) were adenocarcinoma prostate of different grades and PSA level varies from less than 10 ng/ml to more than 50 ng/ml which almost correlates with the tumor grades.

Role of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of suspected cases of genito urinary tuberculosis.

The aim of study was evaluation of the utility of ELISA test using A60 Antigen for rapid diagnosis of Genitourinary Tuberculosis in various age groups. ELISA test based on mycobacterial antigen A60 (Anda biological, France) was used to estimate specific IgG antibodies in the sera of fifty four suspected cases of Genito urinary tuberculosis. (GUT)Sera of 30 montoux negative healthy adults (age/sex matched) were taken as control by detecting IgG anti bodies to A60 antigen. It was concluded from this study that IgM was positive in 87.0% of cases.

Fasciolopsis buski (giant intestinal fluke)--a case report.

A girl, aged 20 years presented with diarrhoea, vomiting, pain abdomen and loss of weight, the routine Stool examination revealed Fasciolopsis buski (giant intestinal fluke) in large numbers. Despite treatment with Praziquantel, she died after three days.

Evaluation of thyroid hormones in chronic renal failure.

When chronic renal failure becomes advanced, the serum levels of most hormones are altered because of several interplaying mechanisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the level of total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (TSH) in 96 clinically euthyriod patient with chronic renal failure and 25 healthy individual as control. The patients were grouped into two groups, 62 patient on conservative management and 34 patients on chronic haemodialysis. The patient of both groups showed significant decrease in total T3 and T4 level as compared to normal control. Serum TSH level were similar in both groups as well as in control and were with in normal limit except 3 patients on conservative management which showed TSH level above normal chronic haemodialysis did not have positive effect in alteration of serum T3, T4 and TSH level.