RÉSUMÉ
Objective:To extract essential oil of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium， to prepare Zanthoxyli Pericarpium essential oil solid preparation and investigate its anti-fungal effect， in order to provide safe， green and efficient fungicide for the storage of Chinese herbal medicine and food. Method:The essential oil of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium was extracted by steam distillation method， gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） was adopted to analyze the chemical compositions and their relative contents in essential oil of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium from different producing areas， Agilent HP-5 capillary column was used for separation at programmed temperature （the initial temperature was 60 ℃， kept for 2 min， then increased to 280 ℃ by 10 ℃·min<sup>-1</sup>， kept for 5 min）， the scanning range was <italic>m</italic>/<italic>z</italic> 35-590. Zanthoxyli Pericarpium essential oil solid preparation was prepared by nanomolecular sieve adsorption method， and its inhibitory effect on <italic>Aspergillus flavus</italic> and its conidia was investigated. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector （UPLC-FLD） was used to analyze the inhibitory effect of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium essential oil solid preparation on aflatoxin under the conditions of excitation wavelength of 360 nm and emission wavelength of 440 nm. Result:The average extraction rate of essential oil in Zanthoxyli Pericarpium from four producing areas was 5.2%. （+）-Limonene， linalool and linalyl acetate were the main components of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium<italic> </italic>essential oil<italic> </italic>from different producing areas. When the volume fraction of essential oil in the solid preparation was 0.1%， the inhibition rate of the solid preparation on the conidia of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>flavus</italic> was （16.41±8.89）%. When the volume fraction of essential oil in the solid preparation was 0.2%， the inhibition rate for the growth of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>flavus</italic> was （8.11±2.70）%. When the volume fraction of essential oil in the solid preparation was 0.5%， the inhibition rate for the growth of <italic>A</italic>. <italic>flavus </italic>was （21.62±5.41）%， the inhibition rate for <italic>A</italic>. <italic>flavus</italic> conidia was （45.43±5.67）%， and the inhibition effect for the aflatoxin could reach （90.47±12.77）%. Conclusion:There are some differences in the chemical composition of essential oil of Zanthoxyli Pericarpium from different producing areas. Zanthoxyli Pericarpium<italic> </italic>essential oil has a certain inhibitory effect on the formation of <italic>A. flavus</italic> conidia and the production of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>. It shows that Zanthoxyli Pericarpium essential oil can be developed into bacteriostatic preparation and used in the storage of Chinese medicinal materials and food.