Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90 thousand patients and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. In addition to the standard precautions, some special precautions that should be implemented during an outbreak have been raised in this review.

Effect of breastfeeding on the development of infection-related diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in 25 hospitals in Beijing, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the incidence rate of infectious diseases during hospitalization in late preterm infants in Beijing, China, as well as the risk factors for infectious diseases and the effect of breastfeeding on the development of infectious diseases.@*METHODS@#Related data were collected from the late preterm infants who were hospitalized in the neonatal wards of 25 hospitals in Beijing, China, from October 23, 2015 to October 30, 2017. According to the feeding pattern, they were divided into a breastfeeding group and a formula feeding group. The two groups were compared in terms of general status and incidence rate of infectious diseases. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the risk factors for infectious diseases.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1 576 late preterm infants were enrolled, with 153 infants in the breastfeeding group and 1 423 in the formula feeding group. Of all infants, 484 (30.71%) experienced infectious diseases. The breastfeeding group had a significantly lower incidence rate of infectious diseases than the formula feeding group (22.88% vs 31.55%, @*CONCLUSIONS@#Breastfeeding can significantly reduce the incidence of infectious diseases and is a protective factor against infectious diseases in late preterm infants. Breastfeeding should therefore be actively promoted for late preterm infants during hospitalization.

Correlation between the survival rate of the patients with synchronous hepatic metastases from gastric carcinoma after surgical resection and patient's index / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Many studies have reported the benefit of hepatic resection for solitary and metachronous metastases from gastric cancer. However, indications and surgical results for synchronous hepatic metastases from gastric carcinoma have not been clearly defined. This study was performed to assess the benefits and limits of simultaneous combined resection of both primary gastric cancer and synchronous hepatic metastases, as well as to identify prognostic factors affecting the survival.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Between January 2005 and June 2008, 13 patients with synchronous hepatic metastases underwent simultaneous combined resection. The clinicopathologic features and the surgical results of the 13 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patient, tumor (primary and metastatic carcinoma), and operative parameters were analyzed for their influence on survival.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No patient died and two patients (15.4%) developed complications during peri-operative course. The actuarial 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year survival rates after hepatic resection were 76.9%, 38.5%, and 30.8%, respectively, and two patients survived for more than 2 years after surgery without any signs of recurrences until latest follow-up. In univariate analysis, hepatic tumor distribution (P=0.01) and number of hepatic metastases (P=0.003) were significant prognostic factors that influenced survival. Factors associated with the primary lesion were not significant prognostic factors.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Satisfactory survival may be achieved by simultaneous combined resection of both primary gastric cancer and synchronous hepatic metastases in strictly selected patients. The number of hepatic metastases and hepatic tumor distribution are significant prognostic determinants of survival.</p>

Application of distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of severe mandibular micrognathia with severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of distraction osteogenesis (DO) in the treatment of severe mandibular micrognathia with severe obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>19 cases of severe mandibular micrognathia with OSAHS were treated by DO. All the patients received PSG and MSCT examination before and after DO to evaluate the therapeutic effect and changes in the upper airway.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>According to the evaluation standard, 17 cases were cured and 2 cases improved markedly. The sagittal distance and area, transverse distance and area of the upper airway increased markedly after DO. The volume of upper airway increased from (15 572.03 +/- 3 370.11) mm3 to (21 182.69 +/- 4 533.15) mm3.The airway change happened mainly in velopharyngeal region and the lingopharyngeal region, but not in the laryngopharyngeal region.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DO can treat severe mandibular micrognathia patients with OSAHS effectively by enlarging the volume of upper airway,especially in the velopharynx and glossopharyngeum region. The MSCT plays an effective and important role.</p>

Computer-aided design in double-step distraction osteogenesis of unilateral mandibular segmental defects reconstruction / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of using computer-aided design (CAD) in double-step distraction osteogenesis in the reconstruction of mandibular segmental defects after tumor resection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eight cases of unilateral mandibular segmental defects were reconstructed using distraction osteogenesis secondary to oncologic surgery, with the help of CT and CAD system. The mandibular body was lengthened first, and then the residual defect of mandibular ramus was restored using a distraction device.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No incidence of infection or other complications were observed. The maximal amount of the lengthening reached 55 mm in the mandibular body, and 45 mm in the mandibular ramus. The average amount of the lengthening reached 49 mm in the mandibular body, and 36 mm in the mandibular ramus. The aesthetic and functional results of bone lengthening were excellent in all cases. The retractor was removed eight months postoperatively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Using CAD in double-step distraction osteogenesis in the reconstruction of unilateral mandibular segmental defects has the advantages of precise diagnosis, operation planning and assuring success of operation. It has the disadvantage of a long period for the overall treatment time.</p>

Soft tissue profile changes in micrognathia after distraction osteogenesis / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of distraction osteogenesis for severe micrognathia by comparing the pre- and post-operative profile and mentolabial relationship.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>16 cases underwent temporal-mandibular joint plasty and temporal fasciomuscular flap transfer. The mandibular distraction began at the 5th postoperative day at a rate of 0.8 mm a day, two times a day. Bony and soft tissue cephalometry were performed before and after operation. T-test was used to study the change after distraction osteogenesis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in facial convexity, lower facial height, lower lip length, inter-labial distance, the ratio of lip to mental, the distance from lip to esthetic plane, the depth of mentolabial crease and the thickness of mental soft tissue.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Mandibular distraction osteogenesis can markedly improve the soft tissue profile of the middle and lower face for severe micrognathia.</p>

Serum resistin concentration and insulin resistance in obese children / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Obesity is an important risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte is a cell that can actively secrete a series of factors to regulate the pathway responsible for energy balance. Resistin is one of these factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate possible correlation between resistin and certain parameters, including body parameters and other parameters of glucose metabolism and roles of resistin in hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in obese children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum resistin concentration was measured in 34 obese children (18 boys, 16 girls; age 8.9-15.9 years) and 31 normal subjects (16 boys, 15 girls; age 7.8-14.5 years) by using ELISA. Anthropometric parameters, fasting glucose and insulin were measured in all subjects. Insulin resistance was assayed by homeostasis model assessment ratio (HOMA-R). Beta cell function was determined by using homeostasis model assessment beta cell (HOMA-beta). Correlation analysis was performed between resistin and other parameters.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The serum resistin concentration (common logarithmic transformation) was 3.1 +/- 0.5 in obese subjects and 2.7 +/- 0.8 in normal subjects. (P < 0.05). (2) The serum resistin concentration was not significantly correlated with sex, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, but was positively correlated with BMI, percent body fat (BF%), waist-hip ratio (WHR) (r = 0.299, r = 0.304, r = 0.322, P < 0.01); and positively correlated with fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-R (r = 0.299, r = 0.303, r = 0.324, P < 0.05), but not significantly correlated with HOMA-beta. (3) Multiple linear regression analysis showed that only HOMA-R was the factor that significantly influenced resistin, R(2) = 0.105, the standard partial coefficient was 0.279 (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The serum resistin concentration in obese children were higher than that in normal children. The serum resistin concentration significantly correlated with the degree of obesity and the distribution of fat. Resistin is probably related to occurrence of hyperinsulinemia and/or insulin resistance in obese children.</p>