Protective effect of infliximab on neurological function and its related mechanism in mice after traumatic brain injury / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of infliximab (IFX) on neurological function in mice after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/inducible nitric oxide lyase (iNOS) signaling in it.Methods:Seventy-two healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, TBI group, and TBI+IFX group ( n=24). The mouse TBI models were established by controlled cortical impact method. IFX (dissolved in normal saline at a concentration of 2.5 mg/mL and a dose of 10 μg/g) was administered intraperitoneally into the mice of TBI+IFX group 30 min after modeling once daily for 3 d; mice in the sham-operated group and TBI group were given the same amount of saline intraperitoneally at the same time points for 3 d. Neurological deficits (Garcia scores) were assessed one, 3 and 7 d after modeling; blood-brain barrier permeability was detected by Evans blue staining, and brain tissue water content was measured by dry and wet weight method; Nissl staining was used to detect the percentage of injured neurons in brain tissues; the percentage of apoptotic neurons was detected by Tunel staining; immunofluorescent double-labeling was used to detect the expressions of caspase-3 and neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN) in neurons; immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the microglia marker ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1 (IBa-1) expression; ELISA was used to detect the expressions of inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, interferon [IFN]-γ) and free radicals (oxygen free radicals [ROS], nitrogen free radicals [RNS]) in the brain tissues; and immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting were used to detect the expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB/inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Results:(1) One, 3 and 7 d after modeling, the Garcia scores showed significant differences among the three groups ( P<0.05); as compared with the TBI group, the TBI+IFX group had significantly increased Garcia scores 3 and 7 d after modeling ( P<0.05). (2) Three d after modeling, as compared with those in the TBI group, Evans blue leakage ([18.45±1.32] μg/g vs. [16.38±1.25] μg/g), brain water content ([81.56±0.96]% vs. [79.97±0.79]%), percentage of injured neurons ([79.50±5.85]% vs. [68.81±7.47]%), and percentage of apoptotic neurons ([41.93±7.49]% vs. [30.59±8.60]%) in mice of the TBI+IFX group were significantly deceased ( P<0.05). Three d after modeling, immunofluorescent double labeling showed that the relative caspase-3 expression in the TBI+IFX group (0.76±0.16) was significantly decreased as compared with the TBI group (1.11±0.23, P<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining and ELISA results showed that as compared with those in the TBI group, the Iba-1 staining scores, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL6 and IFN-γ levels, and ROS and RNS contents in TBI+IFX group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting showed that as compared with the TBI group, the TBI+IFX group had significantly decreased expressions of NF-κB p65, iNOS and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB inhibitor-α, and statistically inhibited nuclear translocation of NF-κB ( P<0.05). Conclusion:IFX can reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, and play a neuroprotective role, which is related to its inhibition of downstream NF-κB/iNOS pathway activation.

Clinical value of ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring in gradient decompression for patients with traumatic cerebral hernia / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring (V-ICPM) in gradient decompression for patients with traumatic cerebral hernia.Methods:The clinical data of 103 patients with traumatic cerebral hernia admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into observation group ( n=49) and control group ( n=54) according to whether V-ICPM was applied. Patients in the observation group accepted V-ICPM before gradient decompression, and patients in the control group accepted gradient decompression directly. Incidence of malignant encephalocele, clinical short-term and long-term efficacies, and complications were compared between the two groups. According to intracranial pressure (ICP), the patients were divided into normal or slightly increased ICP (≤22 mmHg), moderate increased ICP (23-40 mmHg) and severe increased ICP (>40 mmHg); the relationship between ICP and prognoses was analyzed in the observation group. Results:(1) The incidences of intraoperative malignant encephalocele in the observation group (16.33%) were slightly lower than that in the control group (29.63%), without significant difference ( P>0.05). Twenty four h after gradient decompression, pupils recovered in 35 patients (71.43%) from the observation group and 28 patients (51.85%) from the control group, significant difference in the pupils recovery rate was noted between the two groups ( χ2=4.145, P=0.042); the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores between the observation group (8.43±2.56) and control group (7.39±2.47) showed statistical differences ( t=-2.095, P=0.039). Three months after gradient decompression, there were 7 patients with Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores of 5, 18 patients with scores of 4, 10 patients with scores of 3, 8 patients with scores of 2, and 6 patients with score of 1 in the observation group; there were 12 patients with GOS scores of 5, 17 patients with scores of 4, 12 patients with scores of 3, 7 patients with scores of 2, and 6 patients with score of 1 in the control group; the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=-0.681, P=0.496). (2) The higher the ICP in the observation group (initially and when the dura mater is cut), the worse the prognosis. Conclusion:The application of V-ICPM before gradient decompression cannot further improve the long-term prognosis of the patients, but it can provide intraoperative reference and prognosis prediction for the operators.

Identifications and characteristics of organic ultraviolet filters in indoor air / 环境与职业医学

Background Organic ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in personal care products. So far, relevant studies on organic UV filters in indoor dust have been reported. Objective This study aims to establish a thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GCMS) method to identify organic UV filters in indoor air collected from different indoor environments, so as to reveal the pollution levels and characteristics of organic UV filters in indoor environment. Methods Based on the standard indoor air sampling protocol, a total of 60 samples were collected from eight different kinds of indoor environments (male and female dormitory rooms, offices, labs, barber shops, printing shops, hotels, and private cars) on and nearby Minhang Campus of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from August to November, 2020. The concentrations of six common organic UV filters, including homosalate (HMS), 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), 3-(4-methylbenzylidene)-camphor (4-MBC), isoamyl 4-methoxycinnamate (IMC), octocrylene (OC), and octyl 4-methoxycinnamate (EHMC), in the air of different indoor environments were detected by TD-GCMS. Furthermore, the correlations of individual organic UV filters in different indoor environments were analysed. Results Under optimized detection conditions, the correlation coefficients of the quantitative standard curves of selected six organic UV filters were all at or above 0.997. The relative standard deviations of 1 mg·L−3 samples ranged from 1.74% to 7.11%, and the recoveries ranged from 67.17% to 106.5%. The relative standard deviations of 10 mg·L−3 samples ranged from 3.59% to 8.76%, and the recoveries ranged from 78.80% to 126.60%. The detection rates of the other five organic UV filters except IMC were all at or more than 92% in eight different kinds of indoor air. The median concentration of total organic UV filters was 75.17 ng·m−3, and EHS presented the highest median concentration of 28.55 ng·m−3. Regarding different indoor environments, the highest concentration of total organic UV filters was found in the female dormitory samples, 154.98 ng·m−3. The respective pair-analysis among HMS, EHMC, OC, and EHS of all indoor air samples reached a significant level of correlation (r=0.40-0.61, P<0.01). Conclusion The TD-GCMS method is satisfactory for the determination of organic UV filters in indoor air. EHS, EHMC, HMS, OC, and 4-MBC are identified in selected eight indoor environments, and they may have similar sources of pollution.

The application value of 3.0T MR DTI technique in 3D reconstruction of the knee peripheral nerve / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the application value of 3.0T MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)in 3D reconstruction of the knee peripheral nerve.Methods DTI with 25 motion probing gradients (MPGs)was performed on the left knee in 22 healthy young volunteers;By choosing the original images scaned in the vertical direction,three post-processing methods including maximum intensity proj ection (MIP),volume rendering (VR)and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)were used.Two radiologists evaluated these images visually.For the same nerve,MIP,VR and DTT were compared using Friedman test.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC )analysis was used to compare the correlation among the three imaging methods.Score consistency between two observers was calculated by using the Kappa statistic.Results For the same nerve,there was no significant statistical difference for the MIP,VR and DTT imaging quality scores(P>0.05).The I CC value and the k value were 0.718-0.856,0.668-0.705,respectively.Conclusion Stereoscopic and clear displaying the tibial nerve/the common peroneal nerve in the knee can be achieved by using MIP,VR and DTT post-processing methods based on DTI original images.The reconstruction of MIP,VR is simple and efficient,in which the objectivity is better than DTT.The reconstruction of MIP,VR can be used as effective preview methods before the DTT reconstruction with complexity and strong subjective dependence.

The application value of 3.0T 3D MR technique in displaying the knee peripheral nerve / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To study the morphology and characteristics of the popliteal tibial nerve and measure relevant structural parameters of the peroneal nerve passing round the fibular head and neck by 3D(three-dimensional)MR advantage sequences,and provide valuable image information for basic research and clinical work.Methods Thirty-six left knee joints of healthy volunteers were scanned using 3D MR sequences,including 3D-FS-CUBE,3D-FS-SPGR.The anatomical features in MR imaging were observed by two doctors.The different level axis section areas of the popliteal tibial nerve were measured by reconstructed 3D MR advantage sequences.The coronal/sagittal diameters and the angle of the fibular head and neck(peroneal tunnel)were also measured and compared.SPSS 19.0 software was used for further statistical analysis.Results Optimum visual rates of the knee nerve of 3D-FS-CUBE,3D-FS-SPGR sequences were 25%,89%(P<0.01).Axial section of the tibial nerve of the popliteal space was as following:top level(Tn1,tibial nerve)(19.3 ± 1.02)mm2,midpoint level(Tn2)(23.6 ± 2.24)mm2,supracondylar level(Tn3)(29.1 ± 3.39)mm2.Coronal and sagittal diameters of the fibular head were(19.8 ± 2.95)mm,(19.7 ± 4.2)mm,and coronal and sagittal diameters of the fibular neck were(12.7 ± 3.1)mm, (13.6 ± 2.5)mm,respectively.The angle between the head and neck was 164°± 6.5°.Conclusion 3D-FS-SPGR sequence is the advantage sequence for displaying the knee nerves.The diameters of the popliteal tibial nerves gradually thicken from Tn 1 to Tn3.The structural measurements of the fibula head and neck have certain significance for fundamental research or prevention and treatment of common peroneal nerve entrapment.

Research progress of xerostomia assessment tools / 中华口腔医学杂志

Xerostomia is an important problem affecting oral health and quality of life, and effective assessment is the basis of management of xerostomia. This review summarizes the subjective and objective assessment tools for xerostomia, so as to provide references for the evaluation and management of xerostomia.

Therapeutic effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide on aged patients with acute decompensated heart failure / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective: To explore therapeutic effect of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) in aged patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF).Methods: A total of 98 aged ADHF patients treated in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into routine treatment group (n=50) and rhBNP group (n=48, received intravenous injection of rhBNP based on routine treatment group).After 72h treatment, cardiac function indexes, total effective rate and incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADR) were measured and compared between two groups.Results: Compared with before treatment, after 72h treatment, there were significant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and 24h urine volume in both groups(P=0.001 all);compared with routine treatment group after treatment, there were significant rise in LVEF [(45.9±7.8)% vs.(57.4±7.9)%] and 24h urine volume [(1637.5±103.2)ml vs.(1836.4±118.4)ml], P=0.001 all.On 7d after treatment, total effective rate of rhBNP group was significantly higher than that of routine treatment group (93.75% vs.82.00%, P=0.033).There was no significant difference in incidence rate of ADR between two groups, P=0.898.Conclusion: Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide can significantly improve heart function, and the therapeutic effect is significant in aged patients with acute decompensated heart failure.

Protective effect of ligustrazine on lipopolysaccharide induced vascular hyperpermeability / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate whether ligustrazine can reduce endotoxemia and inhibit the increase of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular permeability by suppressing Rho/ROCK signaling pathway in guinea pigs. Methods Eighteen of white male healthy guinea pigs were divided into three groups randomly and pretreated with intravenous injection of ligustrazine(3 or 6 mg/kg) or saline. 30 min later, LPS (100, 300, 1 000 μg/0.1 mL/site) and saline (0.1 mL/site) were administered intracutaneously at the dorsum of guinea pigs. Vascular permeability was determined by leakage area and absorbance of 610 nm (OD610) of Evans Blue dye after intracutaneous injection of LPS (100-1 000 μg/site). Results Dye leakage in the skin began to increase at 5 min, and revealed significant increase 2 h after LPS injection. Significant differences in the dye leakage area(F = 5.77, P < 0.05) and the OD610 (F = 7.736, P < 0.05) induced by 100, 300 and 1,000 ug/site of LPS administration were demonstrated between the control and ligustrazine groups (3 or 6 mg/kg). Conclusion Ligustrazine has protective effect on the hypermeability of endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide, and inhibition of Rho/ROCK signaling pathway is a possible mechanism.

Evaluation of Several Inflammatory Markers to Infectious and Gouty Arthritis / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate which inflammatory markers allow an accurate differentiation of septic and gouty arthritis.Methods In 2013 January to 2014 January 33 patients with septic arthritis and 29 patients with gouty arthritis.Detected white blood cells,C-reactive protein and uric acid of inflammatory markers in plasma and tested lac-tate,glucose,uric acid,lactate dehydrogenase and white blood cell count inflammatory markers in the synovial fluid.MedCalc 13.0 software were used for statistical analysis.Results There were no significantly different between serum C-reaction protein and WBC counts with two groups.Synovial lactate showed the greatest diagnostic potential (AUC=0.898,sensitivi-ty=96.9%,specificity=72.4%)followed by serum uric acid (AUC=0.818)and synovial uric acid (AUC=0.808).Con-clusion Lactate in the synovial fluid has excellent diagnostic potential to differ septic arthritis from gouty arthritis.Synovial lactate levers above 1.7 mmol/L almost proofed septic arthritis.

Calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside stimulates osteoblast differentiation through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways

The isoflavone calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (CG) is a principal constituent of Astragalus membranaceus (AR) and has been reported to inhibit osteoclast development in vitro and bone loss in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic effects of CG and its underlying mechanism in ST2 cells. The results show that exposure of cells to CG in osteogenic differentiation medium increases ALP activity, osteocalcin (Ocal) mRNA expression and the osteoblastic mineralization process. Mechanistically, CG treatment increased the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), p-Smad 1/5/8, β-catenin and Runx2, all of which are regulators of the BMP- or wingless-type MMTV integration site family (WNT)/β-catenin-signaling pathways. Moreover, the osteogenic effects of CG were inhibited by Noggin and DKK-1 which are classical inhibitors of the BMP and WNT/β-catenin-signaling pathways, respectively. Taken together, the results indicate that CG promotes the osteoblastic differentiation of ST2 cells through regulating the BMP/WNT signaling pathways. On this basis, CG may be a useful lead compound for improving the treatment of bone-decreasing diseases and enhancing bone regeneration.

Cultured cardiomyocytes identificaiton and different methods of extractingβ3-AR membrane protein comparison / 天津医药

Objective To optimize primary cultures techniques of isolating neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and to com?pare three different methods of extractingβ3-adrenergic receptor(β3-AR)membrane protein from cultured neonatal rat car?diomyocytes. Methods TypeⅡcollagen and differential velocity adhesion were used to collect primary cardiomyocytes. To?tal protein method, ultracentrifugation method, extract kit method were used to isolate cardiomyocytesβ3-AR membrane pro?teins. The BCA method was applied for protein quantification. Relative content ofβ3-AR membrane protein and GADPH in the sample were examined by western blot. Results Optimizing culture and isolation skills can produce a great quantity of cardiomyocytes in high concentration.The kit method acquired a higher level of protein concentration(8.26±0.29)g/L than to?tal protein method(5.12±0.47)g/L does than ultracentrifugation method(3.20±0.37)g/L does all of which were with signifi?cant difference(P < 0.05). The concentration of β3-AR membrane protein was higher if obtained by kit method(0.22 ± 0.05)than ultracentrifugation method(0.09 ± 0.03)than total protein method (0.01 ± 0.01) with significant difference(P <0.05). Conclusion optimizing methodology can obtain abundant myocardial cells in high concentraion. The kit method of isolating primary culturedβ3-AR membrane proteins result in improved concentration and specificity of membrane protein.

Clinical Significance of Plasma D-dimer in Systemic Sclerosis / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To study correlation between systemic sclerosis(SSc)and plasma D-dimer and to reveal the probably rules of the fibrinolytic systems in SSc.Methods In 2013 January to 2014 January,cellected 32 patients with SSc and 35 with healthy controls to detected level of plasma D-dimer.Logistic and t student test were used for statistical analysis for correlation between SSc and pulmonary artery hypertension.Results When compared to healthy controls (0.28±0.04μg/ml),the level of plasma D-dimer were significantly increased in SSc patient (0.31±0.05μg/ml,t=1.997,P=0.008).After stratifying SSc patients according to disease subset,whereas patients with diffuse subset displayed substantially increased values (0.41±0.06μg/ml,t=2.051,P<0.001).The level of plasma D-dimer was associated with pulmonary artery hyper-tension (OR=4.38,95%CI=2.59~8.91,P=0.008).Conclusion Demonstrated that SSc patients with diffuse subset are characterized by increased plasma D-dimer values,reflecting a potential activation of fibrinolytic cascaded,which might finally predispose these patients to thrombotic complications and pulmonary artery hypertension.

The association between anemia and inflammatory in patients with heart failure / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To research the relationship between anaemia and inflammatory in patients with heart failure .Methods 284 cases of patients with heart failure were enrolled and divided into 2 groups (anaemia group and non‐anaemia group) .The serum levels of of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ,high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) ,blood urine nitrogen (BUN) and creati‐nine (Crea) were measured ,and the results were analyzed .Results The levels of BNP ,hs‐CRP and Crea of anaemia group were sig‐nificantly higher than those of non‐anaemic group (P<0 .01) .The results of logistic regression demonstrated that hs‐CRP was in‐dependently associated with anaemia (P=0 .021) .Conclusion The occurrence and development of inflammation are independently associated with anaemia in the patients with heart failure .

Evaluation of Plasma miR-3 2 4-5 p for Early Diagnosis in Patients with Simple Congenital Heart Disease / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze expression of miR-324-5p in plasma of CHD patients by real-time PCR and identification of early diagnosis,for CHD.Methods In 2012 June to 2013 February 76 patients and 13 normal controls who were included in the study had measurement of plasma expression levels of miR-324-5p by real-time PCR.MedCalc 13.0 software were used for statistical analysis and comprehensive evaluation of miR-324-5p in CHD disease for diagnosis.Results Analysis of re-ceiver operating curve (ROC)showed that area under the curve (AUC)was 0.731 and best diagnostic threshold was 0.116 1.The sensitivity was 64.5% and specificity of 84.6%.Conclusion Circulating miR-324-5p as a biomarker for early diagno-sis of CHD has some-extent clinical value,but needs combined with other medical indicators.

The mechanism of miR-181c induced neuroprotection by hypoxia preconditioning in rats / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of miR-181c on hypoxia-preconditioned ischemia in rats and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups of control group,sham-operated group,middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)group,hypoxia-preconditioned group,hypoxia-preconditioned and MCAO group.Infarct volume and behavioral deficits were quantified.Real-time PCR was applied to detect the expression levels of miR-181c and Western blotting was used to verify the target protein of mt-cox1.Results Under the treatment of hypoxia-preconditioned,the neurological impairment was alleviated and the infarct volume was reduced significantly from 22.50％ ±2.96％ to 16.40％ ±3.13 ％ (t =5.26,P ＜0.01).The expression of miR-181c was decreased significantly in hypoxia-preconditioned and MCAO group than that in MCAO group (1.89 ± 0.14 vs 3.05 ± 0.26,t =6.10,P ＜ 0.01),and the expression of mt-cox1 protein was also significantly decreased (0.54 ± 0.07 vs 0.93 ± 0.04,t =8.01,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Hypoxia-preconditioned may attenuate the ischemic injury in SD rats,which may be related to the down-regulation of the expression of miR-181c,therefore increasing the expression of its targeted protein mt-cox1.

Effects of AKT phosphorylation in lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of breast cancer / 肿瘤研究与临床

Lymphatic metastasis in breast cancer is the most frequent route of metastasis,which is one of most pirotal factors generated comparatively earlier in determining breast cancer staging and electing therapeutic regimen.Lymphangiogenesis is the foundation of lymphatic metastasis.The PI3K/AKT/VEGF-C signal transduction pathway may exist in breast cancer lymphangiogenesis,in which AKT phosphorylation promotes breast cancer lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis.This article mainly reviews the adjusted effects of AKT phosphorylation in breast cancer lymphatic metastasis.

Comparison of improvement effect of nursing satisfaction degree by tubeless versus standard percutaneous nephrostolithotomy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To analyze the nursing interventions of two kinds of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL),so that we can provide personalized service for patients with PCNL and improved quality of nursing. Methods 140 cases of patients undergoing PCNL were chosen from January 2010 to January 2012.70 of them received standard PCNL,another 70 cases were given tubeless PCNL.The same nursing method was given before the operation,and personalized nursing was given according to difference in operation method.A self-designed questionnaire was conducted for satisfaction degree with nursing service of all patients on discharge. Results Satisfaction degree with psychological care,catheter nursing and complication nursing of tubeless PCNL was higher than standard PCNL. Conclusions Two methods of PCNL have become conventional therapy for upper urinary calculus,and careful nursing is very important,especially for tubeless PCNL.

Changes of gene expression profile in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts induced by PGE2 / 中华创伤杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism of prostaglandins E2 ( PGE2 ) in promoting bone formation by detecting the changes of gene expression profiles of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with PGE2. MethodsThe genes with differential expression in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/L PGE2 for 30 minutes were performed by gene chip technology. Several major genes during bone regeneration were selected for Western blot analysis. ResultsAfter co-culture of MC3T3-E1 cells with PGE2 at concentration of 10 μmol/L for 30 min, 276 genes were up-regulated, including bone regeneration related MMD (monocyte to macrophage differentiation associated), NR4A2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 2), BMP-7 ( bone morphogenetic protein-7), POSTN ( periostin, osteoblast specific factor) and catenin (cadherin-associated protein) genes; and 168 genes were down-regulated,including bone regeneration related Idl ,2,3 ( inhibitor of DNA binding 1,2,3 ) genes. Western blot analysis indicated that the expressions of nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and BMP-7 protein in the osteoblasts treated with 10 μmol/l PGE2 were apparently higher ( P ＜ 0. Ol ) than that of the controls, whereas the ld2 expression decreased (P ＜0. O1 ) under the same conditions, which was almost the same as the results of gene chip technology. ConclusionsWith the results of gene chip and Western blot, it can be speculated that the PGE 2 firstly activates the nuclear receptor NR4A2 and then the nuclear transcription factor NF-κB, induces the changes of the downstream gene BMP-7 and Id2 expression and finally results in the differentiation of the osteoblasts and promote the bone regeneration.

Study on Protective Immunity against Infection of Plasmodium yoelii 17XL in DBA/2 Mice / 中国寄生虫学与寄生虫病杂志

Objective To investigate the development and dynamic changes of host immune response in DBA/2 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii 17XL. Methods Female DBA/2 mice were infected by intraperitoneal ( i. p. ) injection of 106 P. yoelii 17XL parasitized erythrocytes ( PRBC). Levels of IL-12, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and P. yoelii 17XL-specific antibody in sera were measured by ELISA. Concentrations of NO in cell supernatants were measured by the Griess reaction. Parasitemia,percentage of mononuclear-macrophages of individual mice were monitored daily, and phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages was also observed. Results Primary parasitemia in vein blood was developed on day 3 postinfection, which peaked with a level of 46. 9% on day 9. Most mice cleared the infection and survived by day 20 postinfection. From day 6 to day 16, the phagocytosis of PRBC by rodent macrophages was observed on the blood smear. Infected mice had a continuously increased level of IL-12 in serum from day 1 postinfection. Accordingly, high level of IFN-γ was also detected in sera from day 1 postinfection,which peaked on day 6. Infected mice produced higher level of IL-4 and IL-10 in serum on day 6 postinfection, which peaked on day 9 and day 15 postinfection respectively. In addition, splenocytes from infected mice produced significantly higher level of NO on day 6 and 20 postinfection. Level of P. yoelii 17XL-specific IgG was determined in the sera of infected mice with a steadily increased trend after infection, which peaked on day 70 postinfection. Conclusions Effective polarizing of Thl cells is significant in inhibition of parasitemia and eventual clearance of the Plasmodium parasites. Activated mononuclear-macrophages play a key role in inhibiting parasitemia in the early phase of infection with P. yoelii 17XL.

Association analysis between TBX1 gene and human conotruncal defects / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective Two single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)in TBX1 gene,G2857C(rs737868)and G2963A(rs28649236),were chosen to investigate their distribution in contruncal defects(CTD)patients and normal controls in order to determine the relationship between TBX1 gene and CTD.Methods By PCR-RFLP,genotypes of these two SNPs were analyzed in 100 patients with CTD and 100 normal controls during Mar.2004 to May.2006. 2 test was applied to analyze the genotype frequency and allele frequency between CTD groups and control groups.Results Remarkable significance were observed at G2963A between CTD groups and normal controls,the G allele frequency in CTD groups were much higher than that in normal controls(?2=5.30,P