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ObjectiveTo analyze the quantity-quality transfer of standard decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting， and to provide reference for quality control and application development of the decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting. MethodTen batches of representative GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting and their standard decoctions were prepared by standard process， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of the standard decoction was established and performed on an Agilent EC-C18 column（4.6 mm×150 mm， 2.7 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-23 min， 18%-21%A； 23-35 min， 21%-28%A； 35-80 min， 28%-32%A）， and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Then similarity evaluation， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） of fingerprint of the standard decoction were performed to screen the differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the screened known differential components， and combined with the indicators of the dry extract rate and the transfer rate， to explore the differences in the quantity-quality transfer between the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting. ResultThe fingerprint similarity of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting was more than 0.950， and 18 common peaks were identified， including 9 identified common peaks. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were some differences in the contents of index components between the two standard decoctions. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re and Ro in GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1， Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were lower than those in traditional decoction pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re， Rb1 and Ro in the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were comparable between the two standard decoctions. Compared with the standard decoction of the traditional decoction pieces， the average transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1， Rb1， Rc， Rb2 and dry extract rate of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the average transfer rate of ginsenoside Re and Rd also increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe dry extract rate， content and transfer rate of index components of standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting are better than those of the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， which can provides data support for the subsequent clinical application of fresh cutting products.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the quantity-quality transfer of standard decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting， and to provide reference for quality control and application development of the decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting. MethodTen batches of representative GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting and their standard decoctions were prepared by standard process， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of the standard decoction was established and performed on an Agilent EC-C18 column（4.6 mm×150 mm， 2.7 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-23 min， 18%-21%A； 23-35 min， 21%-28%A； 35-80 min， 28%-32%A）， and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Then similarity evaluation， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） of fingerprint of the standard decoction were performed to screen the differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the screened known differential components， and combined with the indicators of the dry extract rate and the transfer rate， to explore the differences in the quantity-quality transfer between the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting. ResultThe fingerprint similarity of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting was more than 0.950， and 18 common peaks were identified， including 9 identified common peaks. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were some differences in the contents of index components between the two standard decoctions. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re and Ro in GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1， Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were lower than those in traditional decoction pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re， Rb1 and Ro in the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were comparable between the two standard decoctions. Compared with the standard decoction of the traditional decoction pieces， the average transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1， Rb1， Rc， Rb2 and dry extract rate of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the average transfer rate of ginsenoside Re and Rd also increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe dry extract rate， content and transfer rate of index components of standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting are better than those of the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， which can provides data support for the subsequent clinical application of fresh cutting products.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the grade s tandard for Panax quinquefoli um and to evaluate the quality of different grades of medicinal materials. METHODS Totally 24 batches of P. quinquefolium were used as test samples. Pearson correlation analysis method was used to analyze the correlation between qualitative analysis indicators （taproot length ，taproot diameter and weight of single root ）and internal component indicators （ethanol-soluble extract ，and the contents of ginsenoside Rg 1，ginsenoside Re ， ginsenoside Rb 1，ginsenoside Rc ，ginsenoside Rb 2，ginsenoside Rd ，pseudo-ginsenoside F 11）. Combined with chemometrics methods，the reference indexes for the classification of P. quinquefolium were selected ，and the classification standards were formulated. HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of 24 batches of P. quinquefolium were established and their similarity evaluation was also performed. The chromatographic peaks were identified by comparison with the reference substance ，and then the quality of different grades of P. quinquefolium was evaluated by cluster analysis. RESULTS After screening ，taproot diameter ，the weight of single root and the content of ginsenoside Rd were taken as the reference indexes for the classification of P. quinquefolium . According to above 3 indexes，P. quinquefolium were divided into 3 grades：special grade ，first grade and second grade. According to the center value of K-means clustering ，the total score of special-grade medicinal materials was more than 135.40，that of first-grade medicinal materials was 61.82-135.40，and that of second-grade medicinal materials was less than 61.82. In the HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of 24 batches of P. quinquefolium ，25 common peaks were confirmed ，and 7 characteristic peaks were identified. The similarity of the chromatograms of P. quinquefolium of special grade ，first grade and second grade with fingerprints ranged 0.980-0.989，0.962-0.968，0.940-0.949，respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that different grades of P. quinquefolium could be identified significantly. CONCLUSIONS The grade standard and HPLC-ELSD fingerprints of P. quinquefolium are established，which can be applied for exclusive identification of P. quinquefolium ，and provide reference for its quality control and grade classification.
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Objective To evaluate feasibility of totally laparoscopic surgical treatment of congenital choledochal cysts(CCC) in adult patients.Methods The clinical data of 36 adult CCC patients were analyzed retrospectively.In this study there were 31 type Ⅰ cases and 5 type Ⅳ cases,divided into laparoscopic operation group (n =18) and open operation group (n =18).Results There were no death cases in perioperative period and all patients were followed up.The total operative time of laparoscopy group compared with open group respectively was (212 ± 43) min and (135 ± 20) min (P ＜ 0.05),the volume of blood loss during operation was (75 ± 20) ml and (150 ± 49) ml,(respectively t =6.875,6.000,P ＜0.05).Postoperative recovery time of intestinal function was (65 ± 15) h vs (94 ± 12) h,celiac drainage tube indwelling time was (72 ± 20) h vs (89 ± 26) h,postoperative hospital stay was (5.8 ± 1.4) d vs (8.9 ± 0.9) d,(respectively t =6.444,2.199,7.908,P ＜ 0.05).One case suffered from reflux cholangitis in the laparoscopic group,1 case of choledochojejunostomy stricture and recurrence of intrahepatic calculi in the open group.Conclusion Laparoscopic cystectomy and cholangiojejunostomy for congenital choledochal cyst in adults is safe and feasible.
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BACKGROUND:Upright rat intervertebral disc degeneration model can prove that intervertebral fusion can aggravate the adjacent-segment intervertebral disc degeneration, but cannot affirm that spinal non-fusion technology has more advantages. OBJECTIVE:Base on the affirmed intervertebral disc degeneration models of Beagle dog, we performed intervertebral fusion to affirm whether or not the intervertebral fusion can aggravate the adjacent-segment intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS:Twelve Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups. The control group animals were stabbed percutaneous to injure L5/6 disc. The experimental group animals were stabbed percutaneous to injur L5/6 disc. One month later, we made L4/5 intervertebral fusion. At 3 and 6 months postoperatively, lumbar MRI was conducted. L5/6 discs were harvested and subjected to histological observation and PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) MRI:in the experimental group, 3 and 6 months after fusion, different degrees of intervertebral disk herniation appeared. In the control group, no obvious intervertebral disk herniation appeared. (2) Histological observation:6 months after fusion, in the experimental group, intervertebral disc annulus and nucleus pulposus were disordered;there was a gap in the fold, and the number of nucleus pulposus cel s decreased. In the control group, nucleus pulposus and anulus fibrosus boundary was clear;col agen was loose and arranged regularly. Cel number was more. Anulus fibrosus was close to normal. Col agen fibers were regular and dense. In the experimental group, 3 and 6 months after fusion, type II col agen-positive cel s were less than the control group (P<0.05). Moreover, type II col agen-positive cel s were less at 6 months than at 3 months in the experimental group (P<0.05). (3) PCR:Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metal oproteinase 1 gene expression was higher in the experimental group than in the control group at 3 and 6 months after fusion (P<0.05). Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metal oproteinase 1 gene expression was higher in the experimental group at 6 months than that at 3 months (P<0.05). (4) These results suggest that intervertebral fusion can aggravate the adjacent-segment intervertebral disc degeneration.
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Objective To investigate the congenital heart disease (CHD) prevalence of students in Liangshan prefecture in Sichuan province,and to explore the risk factors of CHD.Methods Stratified cluster sampling was conducted in collecting demographic data.Heart auscultation was used to screening the CHD,and colour Doppler flow imaging was used to diagnose the CHD.Results A total of 10 021 student were collected in this study.About 19.74％ of total cases had cardiac murmur.Sixty-eight students were diagnosed as CHD through colour Doppler flow imaging,accounting for 0.68％.In addition,the top three ranks of CHD were atrial septal defect,patent ductus arteriosus,interventricular septal defect.Our study also found that per capita income of CHD families was lower than non-CHD families,meanwhile,the CHD prevalence of Yi nationality was higher than other nationalities.There was no statistical significance in age,gender,height,weight,body mass index,head circumference,waist circumference between different types of CHD.Conclusions The CHD prevalence of students in Liangshan prefecture has been in a high level in China; therefore we need pay more attention on screening for the CHD.
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Objective To study the clinicopathologic characteristics and the prognostic factors of gastric stump cancer (GSC). Methods A total of forty-seven patients with GSC from Jan 2000 to Dec 2006 were enrolled in this study for retrospective analysis. Initial surgery was performed for gastric benign disease in 39 patients and for malignant disease in 8 patients, which were divided into 2 groups for analysis. The prognosis of all 47 patients were analyzed. Results The mean interval between previous gastrectomy and diagnosis of GSC was 24.4 years. Tumor developed mostly in the patients with Billroth- Ⅱ reconstruction, and male more than female. Tumor located at anastomotic site mostly, at stump stomach and cardia secondly. The mean interval for patients who had undergone their first gastrectomy for malignant disease was shorter than that with benign disease(P＜0.05). Histology, therapy and prognosis showed no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05). Disease TNM stage and total radical gastrectomy were shown to be significant predictor for the outcome of patients with GSC (P ＜0.01). Conclusion Now the GSC patients with initial surgery performed for malignant disease are increased, which are no siginificant different to patients with benign disease. Early diagnosis and an aggressive surgical approach are crucial to achieve better outcomes for patients with GSC.
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S OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of roxithromycin on cellular immune function and to study its anti-in-flammatory and immunoregulation effects beside its antibacterial effect.METHODS:The mice were randomized into negative control group,roxithromycin(high,medium,low dosage group)groups and dexamethasone group,the splenic lymphocyte conversion ratio of each group was determined by in vivo method and in vitro method respectively after14days of intragastric administration of drugs.RESULTS:Compared with the negative control group,roxithromycin(high,medium,low dosage)groups could significantly reduce splenic lymphocyte conversion ratio of mice(P