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Background/Aims@#Previous studies have shown that diet and physical activity can influence constipation. However, the combined effect of diet and physical activity on constipation remains unclear. @*Methods@#Constipation was defined based on stool consistency and frequency, while overall diet quality was assessed using Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 scores. Participants were categorized into low (metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/wk < 500) and high physical activitygroups (MET-min/wk ≥ 500). The association between diet and constipation across physical activity groups was analyzed using surveylogistic regression and restricted cubic splines. @*Results@#Higher HEI-2015 scores were associated with reduced constipation risk in the high physical activity group when constipation was defined by stool consistency (odds ratio [OR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-0.99). However, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not significantly affect constipation risk (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.97-1.05). Similar results were found when constipation was defined based on stool frequency. In the high physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores were significantly associated with a reduced constipation risk (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.98). Conversely, in the low physical activity group, increased HEI-2015 scores did not affect the risk of constipation (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.90-1.03). @*Conclusions@#Our findings suggest that a higher HEI-2015 score is negatively associated with constipation among individuals with high physical activity levels but not among those with low physical activity levels. This association was consistent when different definitions of constipation were used. These results highlight the importance of combining healthy diet with regular physical activity to alleviate constipation.
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Hyperlipidemia is a dyslipidemia caused by dyslipidemia of lipid metabolism， which can be divided into primary and secondary types. The current clinical diagnostic criteria are mainly changes in lipid levels， which are the inducers of high-risk cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis， pancreatitis and coronary heart disease. As a key target in lipid metabolism， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα） is involved in a variety of metabolic activities， including fatty acid degradation， synthesis， transport， storage， lipoprotein metabolism， etc. Activation of PPARα can maintain the balance of lipid metabolism through a variety of ways， which is an important way to treat hyperlipidemia. At present， chemical drugs such as statins and bettes are mainly used in the clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia. Although they can slow down the disease to a certain extent， there are many adverse reactions and drug resistance. By reviewing the literature in recent years， the author found that the activation of PPARα pathway by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hyperlipidemia has significant effect and small adverse reactions. The lipid-lowering active ingredients include flavonoids， alkaloids， phenols， terpenoids and other compounds. These active components mainly affect the expression of downstream effectors through the activation of PPARα pathway， thereby inhibiting the synthesis of total cholesterol and promoting fatty acid oxidation， and play a role in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. In this paper， we systematically reviewed the structure types and mechanism of active components of traditional Chinese medicine that activate PPARα pathway， so as to provide guidance for the rational development and clinical application of lipid-lowering traditional Chinese medicine new drugs.
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Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for patients with severe obesity, which can significantly improve the metabolic disorders, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bariatric and metabolic surgery is the latest and fastest-growing branch of surgery, with the types of procedure and other novel treatment modalities are still evolving and in progress. The authors summarize the recent advancement related to novel bariatric and metabolic surgery in the treat-ment of morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in recent years through literature search, which can be divided into the following three parts: (1) novel surgical procedures and new guideline of indication. Sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are the most performed bariatric surgery. Duodenal switch or the variant of one anastomosis duodenal ileostomy are also accredited procedures but been less performed. One anastomosis gastric bypass is the most recently accredited bariatric surgical procedures with better safety profile and weight loss efficacy than most of the procedures. For other novel procedures, bipartition procedure may be the next accredited proce-dure. A new worldwide guideline is recently launched and the indication for bariatric surgery is lowered BMI 27.5 kg/m 2 for Asian. (2) The effect and mechanism of bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery can significantly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality in obese patients. The main beneficiary group is patients with diabetes mellitus. Along with the recent basic research and the success of new gut hormone related drugs, the mechanism of bariatric surgery can be mostly attributed to gut hormonal effect, however, gastric volume still play an important role. (3) Novel obesity treatment modalities. Endoscopic obesity treatment has a major progress in the success of endoscopic gastroplasty by endoscopic suturing designs. More noteworthy is the development of new intestinal hormone drug therapy, which can achieve a weight loss of 14% in one year by injec-ting once a week glucagon-like peptide-1 preparation, and then combining two or three intestinal hormone drugs can achieve a weight loss of 24% in one year, which is close to the effectiveness of bariatric surgery. Pharmacologic treatment of obesity is very promising and expected. With the increasing severity of obesity and diabetes mellitus in the world, in addition to the explosive develo-pment of bariatric and metabolic surgery in recent years, many new surgical methods and new treatments, especially new and effective intestinal hormone related therapeutic drugs, have been developed. The success of bariatric and metabolic surgery depends on a multidisciplinary team with rich clinical experience: precise preoperative planning and comprehensive postoperative manage-ment, as well as patient understanding and cooperation, in order to achieve the best results.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of five Huoxue Huayu prescriptions on blood lipid metabolism， liver tissue and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 （ABCA1） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ（PPARγ） expression in New Zealand rabbits with blood stasis syndrome， and to compare their differences in order to provide laboratory evidence for clinical selection of prescriptions and drugs. MethodSeventy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into normal group （n=10） and model group （n=60）. The blood stasis syndrome was modeled by the method of starvation+high-fat feed+adrenaline. After the models were successfully established， they were randomly divided into Xuefu Zhuyutang（3.55 g·kg-1·d-1） group， Danshenyin（1.962 g·kg-1·d-1） group， Shixiaosan（0.56 g·kg-1·d-1） group， Huoluo Xiaolingdan（2.80 g·kg-1·d-1） group， and Taohong Siwutang（2.66 g·kg-1·d-1） group， and were given corresponding compound prescriptions by gavage. The normal group and model group were given the same dose of distilled water. After the treatment of 30 consecutive days， blood was taken from the abdominal aorta to detect the content of total cholesterol （TC）， triglycerides （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（LDL-C） and apolipoprotein A1 （ApoA1）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the changes in liver tissue. Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of ABCA1 and PPARγ in liver tissue， respectively. ResultCompared with the conditions in the normal group， increased mRNA and protein levels of HDL-C， LDL-C， TG， TC， and PPARγ （P<0.01）， decreased ApoA1 level （P<0.05） and decreased mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 （P<0.01） were found in the model group. Compared with the conditions in the model group， the HDL-C level in the five Huoxue Huayu prescriptions was lowered （P<0.05）， and lowered TG level in Xuefu Zhuyutang group and Shixiaosan group （P<0.05）， decreased LDL-C and TC levels in Shixiaosan group （P<0.05）， and increased ApoA1 level in the Huoluo Xiaolingdan group （P<0.01） and Taohong Siwutang group （P<0.05） were observed. Furthermore， the mRNA and protein levels of ABCA1 in Xuefu Zhuyutang group， Shixiaosan group， Huoluo Xiaolingdan group and Taohong Siwutang group were elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the elevated levels were higher than that of Danshenyin group （P<0.05）. The mRNA level of PPARγ in the five Huoxue Huayu prescriptions was reduced （P<0.01）， and its protein level was also decreased in Xuefu Zhuyutang group， Shixiaosan group， Huoluo Xiaolingdan group and Taohong Siwutang group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe five Huoxue Huayu prescriptions had a certain therapeutic effect on dyslipidemia，which might be achieved by up-regulating the expression of ApoA1 and ABCA1 to promote the production of HDL-C and strengthen the excretion of dysfunctional HDL-C. And Xuefu Zhuyutang had the optimal effect in lowering lipid.
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Alzheimer's disease（AD） is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with clinical manifestations such as memory impairment， aphasia， impaired visuospatial skills， executive function impairment， and personality changes. AD has brought a heavy burden to the family and society due to its unrevealed pathogenesis and the lack of therapeutic approaches. Saponins， a group of oligoglycosides whose aglycones are triterpenes or spirosteroids， are divided into triterpene saponins and steroidal saponins， which have a variety of biological activities. At present， there is no systematic review on the anti-AD effect of saponins. According to the literature published in recent years， the authors summarized the studies of saponins in improving AD based on animal experiments. The results indicated that saponins enhanced learning ability and improved cognitive impairment by inhibiting amyloid β-protein （Aβ） cascade activity， suppressing microtubule-associated protein （tau） hyperphosphorylation， inhibiting neuronal oxidative stress， inhibiting inflammatory factors， regulating apoptosis， inhibiting cholinergic neuronal degeneration， promoting mitochondrial autophagy， regulating intestinal flora， and enhancing energy metabolism， which in turn improved the pathological state of AD animal models. The therapeutic effects of different saponins on AD are different. The present study discussed the effect of different aglycones and sugar chains on the anti-AD activity based on saponins and anti-AD effect to provide new ideas and a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of saponins.
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Pigs are considered as ideal donors for xenotransplantation because they have many physiological and anatomical characteristics similar to human beings. However, antibody-mediated immunity, which includes both natural and induced antibody responses, is a major challenge for the success of pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Various genetic modification methods help to tailor pigs to be appropriate donors for xenotransplantation. In this study, we applied transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) to knock out the porcine α-1, 3-galactosyltransferase gene GGTA1, which encodes Gal epitopes that induce hyperacute immune rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Meanwhile, human leukocyte antigen-G5 gene HLA-G5, which acts as an immunosuppressive factor, was co-transfected with TALEN into porcine fetal fibroblasts. The cell colonies of GGTA1 biallelic knockout with positive transgene for HLA-G5 were chosen as nuclear donors to generate genetic modified piglets through a single round of somatic cell nuclear transfer. As a result, we successfully obtained 20 modified piglets that were positive for GGTA1 knockout (GTKO) and half of them expressed the HLA-G5 protein. Gal epitopes on the cell membrane of GTKO/HLA-G5 piglets were completely absent. Western blotting and immunofluorescence showed that HLA-G5 was expressed in the modified piglets. Functionally, the fibroblasts from the GTKO/HLA-G5 piglets showed enhanced resistance to complement-mediated lysis ability compared with those from GTKO-only or wild-type pigs. These results indicate that the GTKO/HLA-G5 pigs could be a valuable donor model to facilitate laboratory studies and clinics for xenotransplantation.
Sujet(s)
Animaux , Humains , Animal génétiquement modifié , Techniques de knock-out de gènes , Antigènes HLA , Techniques de transfert nucléaire , Suidae , Transplantation hétérologueRÉSUMÉ
Bariatric surgery is effective on obesity, which can significantly improve the metabolic diseases of obesity patients, especially the type 2 diabetes. However, the surgical proce-dures of bariatric and metabolic surgery are still evolving and in progress. One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is the latest bariatric surgery recognized by the international bariatric and metabolic surgery community. The authors review the relevant literatures at home and abroad, and introduce the development history, surgical skills, clinical efficacy, status quo and adaptability of OAGB.
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The function of drugs is based on the interaction between drug molecules and their targets.Qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of drug-target interactions run through the whole process from drug discovery to clinical practice.After decades of development, the study methods on the interaction between drug molecules and target proteins have been transformed from traditional biochemical experiments to a diversity of efficient and accurate technology systems supported by advanced molecular biology and biophysics theory.In this review, representative methods and techniques were introduced from aspects of target discovery and validation, affinity determination, interaction sites and structural analysis, which might provide some references for drug discovery and mechanism exploration.
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Objective To evaluate smooth muscle protein of 22 kDa (SM22) in the diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia.Methods 96 healthy adult SD rats were evenly divided into experimental group and control group,with each group subdivided into 6 subgroups,subject respectively to superior mesenteric artery ligation or sham operation.The venous blood samples were extracted from each group rats' right heart atO.5,1,2,4,8,12 h after the operation,for SM22 testing and small intestines tissues for direct immunofluorescence staining of SM22.Results The serum SM22 concentration reached a peak at 4 h (265 ± 15) mg/L,then gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).The I-FABP was mainly expressed in the epithelium of intestinal mucosa.During the 4 hours of intestinal ischemia,The number of SM22 positive particles did not change.After 4 hours,the number of SM22 positive granules had gradually decreased compared with the control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion SM22 mainly exists in the smooth muscle of intestinal,during the ischemic necrosis of the intestinal muscle layer SM22 leaks into blood stream,resulting in high serum levels of SM22 facilitating early diagnosis of acute intestinal ischemia.
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Objective To compare the advantage and disadvantage of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM)and pneumatic dilation(PD)for the treatment of achalasia of cardia(AC). Methods Patients with confirmed AC undergoing endoscopic therapy in Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University between January 2011 and September 2014 were divided into POEM treatment group(n=56)and PD treatment group(n = 30), according to the decision of the patients and their families. Postoperative improvement of clinical symptoms, changes in the maximum esophageal diameter, complications, hospital stay,and inpatient expenses were compared between the two groups. Results No significant differences were observed in general preoperative data between the two groups,including gender,age,body mass index (BMI),maximum esophageal diameter, Eckardt score and disease duration(all P>0.05). The Eckardt score showed a significant decrease in 1, 6, and 12 months after operation compared to the pre?operation score in both groups(P<0.05). No matter 1 month or 6 months after operation, the Eckardt score had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). Six months after operation, the response rate between the two groups was no significantly different[93%(52/56)VS 80%(24/30), χ2=0.115, P=0.076],but the maximum esophageal diameter of the POEM group was smaller than that of the PD group (25.39±7.12 mm VS 32.12±9.99 mm,t=3.612,P=0.001). Twelve months after operation,the Eckardt score of the POEM group was lower than that of the PD group(0.44±0.85 score VS 1.26±1.74 score,t=2.940,P= 0.004), and the response rate was higher in the POEM group[93%(52/56)VS 80%(24/30),χ2=0.115, P=0.076]. The incidence of pneumatic complications was 32%(18/56)in the POEM group,but none occurred in the PD group(χ2=12.195,P=0.000). The hospital stay of the POEM group and the PD group was 12.33±4.13 days and 6.50±2.28 days, respectively(W=616, P=0.000). The inpatient expense of the POEM group and the PD group was 8 013.283± 4 322.695 yuan, and 1 571.018±1 590.193 yuan,respectively(W=505,P=0.000).Conclusion Both POEM and PD showed good short?term efficacy for AC.POEM is more effective,and its treatment outcome lasts longer,whereas PD has more widely indications because it is easier to operate with less complications,shorter hospital stay,and lower costs.Trail registration Chinese clinical trial registry,ChiCTR?OOC?15005889.
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Objective To explore the medication closed-loop management of huangshi central hospital based on electronic medical records.Methods Diversified pharmaceutical information platform was constructed.The full coverage of all aspects of medication information,such as ordering/prescribing,transcribing,distributing,preparing,dispensing,administering,documenting,and monitoring was realized.Results The medication management and use had no information gap,and bias could be controlled to form a closed-loop management.Conclusion Application of the new information technology in the field of pharmaceutical care can improve work efficiency,reduce medication errors,broaden the vision of clinical pharmacists and scope of work,and improve the overall level of pharmaceutical care.
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Objective To study effects ofDanlong Xingnao Formula (DLXNF) on proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) and the expressions of Hes1 and Hes5 in sub ventricular zone (SVZ) in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats; To explore the mechanism of promoting the proliferation of NSCsMethods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, edaravone group andDLXNF group. The focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models were prepared by suture method, and 7 d after reperfusion, the SVZ brain tissue of ischemia side was taken. The proliferation of cells was detected by Brdu labeling fluorescence immunocytochemistry; Hes1, Hes5 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by fluorescence real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot method in each group.Results Compared with the sham-operation group, Brdu positive cell rate in other groups increased more obviously, and the expressions of Hes1, Hes5 mRNA and protein also increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, Brdu positive cell rate increased significantly in edaravone group and DLXNF group, and the expressions of Hes1, Hes5 mRNA and protein increased significantly (P<0.01). The expression of Hes1 mRNA in DLXNF group was superior to that in edaravone group (P<0.01), and other indexes had no significant difference.Conclusion DLXNF can promote the proliferation of NSCs in SVZ in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model rats, and up-regulate the expressions of Hes1 and Hes5, whose mechanism may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of 5-aza-2′deoxycytidine(5-aza-dC),a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)inhibitor, on the methylation status of the RECK gene and the invasion of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell lines.Methods:Methylation-specific PCR,Western blot analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were used to investigate the methylation status of RECK gene and the expression of RECK mRNA and protein in SACC cell lines.The invasive ability of SACC cells was examined by transwell assay. Results:Promoter methylation was only found in ACC-Mcell line and not in ACC-2 cell line.Treatment of ACC-Mcells with 5-aza-dC partially reversed the hypermethylation status of the RECK gene and significantly enhanced the expression level of mRNA and pro-tein of RECK,suppressed ACC-Mcell invasive ability.Conclusion:5-aza-dC can inhibit ACC-Mcell invasion by reversal of hyperm-ethylation status of RECK gene.
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Objective To study the relationship of proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in SVZ and the expressions of c-jun and c-myc in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) injury model administrated byDanlong XingnaoFormula.Methods The focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury models were prepared by longa method. Totally 150 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, cerebral model group,Danlong XingnaoFormula low-, medium-, and high-dose groups. The treatment groups were given corresponding dose ofDanlong XingnaoFormula, while the sham-operation group and model group were given the same amount of distilled water 24 h after modeling by gavage, once a day, 7 days in a row. 1 d, 3 d and 7 d after reperfusion, modified Neurological Severity Scores (m-NSS) was used to grade neurologic impairment. 7 d after reperfusion taken to the SVZ brain tissue of ischemia side, Brdu immunohistochemical method was used to record the BrdU positive cells number. The hippocampal c-jun, c-myc mRNA and protein expressions were determined respectively by RT-qPCR method and Western blot method.Results Grades of neurologic impairment in others groups were improved obviously than sham-operation group (P<0.01); 3 d, and 7 d after reperfusion, grades of neurologic impairment inDanlong XingnaoFormula groups were obviously lower compared with model group (P<0.05,P<0.01). Brdu positive cell rates in others groups increased obviously compared with sham-operation group; Compared with model group, Brdu positive cell rates inDanlong XingnaoFormula groups increased obviously (P<0.01). The expressions of c-jun and c-myc protein and mRNA inDanlong XingnaoFormula groups improved obviously than sham-operation group and model group (P<0.01).ConclusionDanlong Xingnao Formula can improve the neural function after cerebral ischemia and stimulate the proliferation of NSCs, and the mechanism may be related to activating the expression of c-jun and c-myc and extending the duration.
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Objective To study experienced doctors’ treatment of senile dementia based on association rule. Methods Databases, such as CNKI, CSCD, CBMdisc, CPD, and Wanfang Data were searched for articles about senile dementia. SPSS17.0 and Clementine12.0 software were used for frequency and correlation analysis of prescription. Results In total of 67 articles about TCM therapy for senile dementia were included, containing 112 prescriptions, 178 Chinese herbal medicines, 1589 frequency, and 14.2 entries for each prescription. The first three frequently used herbal medicines were Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Polygala Radix, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. Accoring to association rule, the first three medicine pairs were Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium→Pinelliae Rhizoma, Dioscoreae Rhizoma→Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Codonopsis Radix→Citrus Reticulatae Pericarpium. The first three thriple herbal medicines were Dioscoreae Rhizoma+Lycii Fructus→Corni Fructus, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma+Corni Fructus→Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and Carthami Flos + Hirudo→Bupleuri Radix. Conclusion The results based on association rule effectively summarized all the doctors’ treatment experience in senile dementia, and provided the beneficial reference for the clinical treatment of senile dementia.
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Objective To compare the clinical outcomes between proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) combined with risedronate sodium and isolated PFNA for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of 62 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture from January 2011 to April 2013 were prospectively studied.Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups:risedronate sodium group (the combined PFNA and risedronate) and control group (isolated PFNA).According to AO classification,32 patients in risedronate sodium group (15 males and 17 females,with an average age of 78 years) were divided into type A1 (n=10),type A2 (n=18) and type A3 (n=4).30 patients in control group (13 males and 17 females,with an average age of 77.5 years) were divided into type A1 (n=9),type A2 (n=16) and type A3 (n=5).Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 1 year after operation.The hip joint function was assessed by Harris hip score.Complications and subsequent fragility fractures were evaluated postoperatively.Results 60 patients (30 patients in risedronate sodium group and 30 patients in control group) were followed up for at least one year.All fractures were healed at 6 months after surgery.No significant difference was found between the two groups in BMD in contra-lateral hip before treatment [(-2.58±0.41)kg/m2 vs.(-2.56±0.36)kg/m2,P＞0.05].BMD in contra-lateral hip had significant difference between the risedronate sodium and control groups one year after surgery [(-0.66±0.37)kg/m2 vs.(-1.13 ±0.28)kg/m2,P=0.000].There was no significant difference between the two groups in Harris hip score (P=0.238).During the follow-up,no patient in risedronate group suffered from subsequent fragility fracture after surgery,while lumbar compression fracture occurred in 1 case,distal radius fracture occurred in 1 case,the contralateral hip fractures occurred in 2 cases,postoperatively.Conclusions PFNA treatment combined with risedronate sodium can effectively improve BMD and reduce the risk for refracture,and has a good effect on intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.
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Objective To investigate the expression of adaptin-2(AP-2) in different stages of mouse coch‐lea and its probable role in the auditory generation and formation .Methods Mice were divided into 4 experimental groups by age (7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old) ,which respectively represented the newborn mice ,developmental mice ,mature mice and old mice .Auditory brainstem response (ABR) ,laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) ,immune-fluroscence histochemistry and qRT - PCR were used in this study .Results For the 15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,ABR average threshold was 18 .67 ± 1 .21 dB nHL ,13 .83 ± 1 .47 dB nHL ,37 .83 ± 7 .68 dB nHL ,respectively ,for the 7 days old groups no responses were observed .The AP-2 im‐munoreactivity was found in all the stages of mice cochlea inner hair cell (IHC) cytoplasm ,especially in IHC basal part ,nearby the ribbon synapse .For the 7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,immune-flu‐roscence histochemistry IMV(intensity mean value)were 190 .91 ± 17 .27 ,494 .06 ± 27 .63 ,838 .41 ± 38 .23 ,682 .65 ± 72 .22 ,respectively .For the 7 days old ,15 days old ,35 days old ,16 months old groups ,mRNA RQ(relative quantity)were 0 .53 ± 0 .09 ,1 .03 ± 0 .02 ,1 .00 ± 0 .09 ,1 .03 ± 0 .06 ,respectively .Developmental mice expressed significantly higher than those of the newborn in the AP -2 protein expression level which was measured by immuno -fluores‐cence histochemistry and qRT PCR(P 0 .05) ,but mature mice had significant advantages by immuno-fluorescence histochemistry .Conclusion AP-2 protein expression level may closely related to the au‐ditory formation and maintenance because its expression gradually increases with age in mice .
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Objective To assess the effect of miR-141 on proliferation of human oral squamous cell carcinoma and target relationship between miR-141 and EphA2 .Methods pcDNATM6.2-GW-pre-miR-141 was constructed and identified by qRT-PCR.EphA2-WT and EphA2-MT sequences were respectively cloned into pmirGLO plasmid . The potential proliferation function of miR-141 on CAL27 cells was analyzed by MTT .The target relationship be-tween miR-141 and EphA2 was identified by Dual-Luciferase Assay System , qRT-PCR and Western blot .Results We constructed successfully the recombinant plasmids , including pcDNATM6.2-GW-pre-miR-141, pmirGLO-E-phA2-WT and pmirGLO-EphA2-MT, and the transfection efficiency of pre-miR-141 was increased in CAL27 cells compared to control group(P<0.001).miR-141 could suppress the proliferation of CAL27 cells(P<0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction of luciferase activities of CAL27 cells co-transfected with pre-miR-141 and EphA2-WT(P<0.001).The mRNA(P<0.001) and protein expression levels of EphA2 were decreased in CAL27 cells transfected with pre-miR-141 .Conclusions Overexpression of miR-141 may suppress cell prolifera-tion by targeting at EphA2 in CAL27 cells.
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OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the improvement of speech perception in Chinese-native cochlear implant (CI) children using frequency modulated system (FM system).@*METHOD@#The mandarin speech perception (MSP) system was used to evaluate 11 cases with severe and profound hearing loss who were fitted cochlear implants. Listeners were asked to repeat MSP words presented in quiet and several different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions and percent correct word repetition was determined. Performance was evaluated under FM system and without FM (CI only). In addition, the listeners' subjective performance changes in the experiment were also observed.@*RESULT@#(1) There was significant main effect of the device condition (with FM and no-FM) (F = 72.938, P < 0.01), a significant main effect of signal level (F = 230.715, P < 0.01), a significant interaction effect between the signal level and the device condition (F = 40.893, P < 0.01). (2) Listeners answered the question in a louder voice, showed more confidence, when using with FM system.@*CONCLUSION@#FM system could improve the speech reception in a complex environment for Chinese-native CI children.