Research progress on effect of unfolded protein response in heat stroke / 解放军医学杂志

Heat stroke(HS)is a serious life-threatening disease caused by heat injury and characterized by a core body temperature>40℃with central nervous system dysfunction and multi-organ failure.The main pathophysiological manifestations of HS are the thermal acute phase response and thermoregulatory imbalance.Proteins are particularly sensitive to heat,and the thermal environment can cause massive protein denaturation,resulting in the deposition of unfolded and misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm,causing cellular dysfunction and even death.The unfolded protein response(UPR),mainly divided into the endoplasmic reticulum UPR and the mitochondrial UPR,is an important physiological process that helps proteins to fold correctly or degrade irretrievably denatured proteins.This paper summarizes the regulatory mechanisms of UPR,the relationship between UPR and severe diseases,as well as the relationship between HS and UPR to provide new ideas for the treatment of HS.

Hunyuan moxibustion for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome of spleen and kidney yang deficiency: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the therapeutic effect between Hunyuan moxibustion and oral western medication on diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome（IBS-D）of spleen and kidney yang deficiency.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with IBS-D of spleen and kidney yang deficiency were randomly divided into a Hunyuan moxibustion group and a western medication group, 30 cases each group. The Hunyuan moxibustion group was treated with Hunyuan moxibustion at Guanyuan（CV 4），40 min each time, once a day; in the western medication group，loperamide hydrochloride capsules (2 mg each time, 3 times a day) and bacillus licheniformis live capsules (0.5 g each time, 3 times a day) were given orally.Both groups were treated for 20 days. The scores of irritable bowel syndrome（IBS）symptom severity scale（IBS-SSS）, IBS quality of life scale (IBS-QOL) and TCM symptom grading quantitative were observed before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy and safety were evaluated in the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment，each item scores and total scores of IBS-SSS in the two groups were lower than those before treatment（P<0.05）, and the total scores of IBS-QOL were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05)；each item score and total score of IBS-SSS in the Hunyuan moxibustion group were lower than those in the western medication group (P<0.05), and the total score of IBS-QOL in the Hunyuan moxibustion group was higher than that in the western medication group (P<0.05).After treatment, each item score and total score of TCM symptom grading quantitative in the Hunyuan moxibustion group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), the abdominal pain, diarrhea, lack of appetite scores and total score in the western medication group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.05)；and the abdominal pain, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, fear to cold and cold limbs scores and total score in the Hunyuan moxibustion group were lower than those in the western medication group (P<0.05).The total effective rate was 90.0%（27/30）in the Hunyuan moxibustion group, which was higher than 73.3%（22/30）in the western medication group (P<0.05). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups during treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Hunyuan moxibustion can effectively improve the symptom severity and quality of life in patients with IBS-D of spleen and kidney yang deficiency, especially in improving the symptoms of abdominal pain, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, fear to cold and cold limbs.Its therapeutic effect is superior to western medication.

Analysis of genetic carrier of neonatal deafness in Hainan / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To explore the carrying status of four common deafness genes and mutations on 10 loci in newborns in Hainan, and to analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of deafness genes and their loci, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating neonatal deafness gene screening strategy and promoting children's hearing health in Hainan. Methods　Newborns born in Hainan from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the research objects. The demographic characteristics of the research objects were collected. At the same time, the plantar blood of newborns was collected, and multiplex PCR amplification and directed hybridization combined with high-throughput sequencing technology were applied to detect 10 mutation loci on 4 common deafness genes. T-test or chi square test was used to process the data. Results　A total of 7 124 newborns were included in the study through informed consent, 219 cases of deafness gene mutation were detected with the detection rate of deafness gene of 3.07%. The detection rates of GJB2, SLC26A4, MT-RNR1 and GJB3 were 1.56% (111/7 124), 1.18% (84/7 124), 0.21% (15/7 124) and 0.11% (8/7 124) respectively. Among the 10 loci of the four genes, the positive detection rate of c.235delC locus of GJB2 was the highest, which was 1.38% (98/7 124), followed by c.919-2A>G of SLC26A4 (0.87%, 62/7 124); 2.63% (113/4 289) of the newborns who passed the preliminary hearing screening still carried the deafness gene; in terms of gene type, the detection rate of GJB2 gene in newborns who failed the hearing screening was higher than that in newborns who passed the hearing screening [2.23% (63/7 124) vs 1.12% (48/7 124)，P<0.01]; in terms of gene loci, the detection rate of c.235delC locus in newborns who failed hearing screening was higher than that in newborns who passed hearing screening [2.09% (59/7 124) vs 0.91% (39/7 124)，P<0.01]. Conclusion　The most common deafness genes types in Hainan were GJB2 and SLC26A4; The most common gene mutation sites were c.235delC and c.919-2A>G; 2.63% of the newborns who passed the preliminary hearing screening still carried the deafness gene, among which the high-risk newborns with MT-RNR1 and GJB3 genes were found. Therefore, hearing screening should be combined with deafness gene screening to improve the detection rate of children at high risk of hearing loss.

Research progress of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system disease, which will cause a series of complex pathophysiological changes and activate a variety of signaling pathways including Notch signaling. Studies have evidenced that activation of the Notch signaling pathway is not conducive to nerve repair and symptom improvement after spinal cord injury. Its mechanisms include inhibiting neuronal differentiation and axon regeneration, promoting reactive astrocyte proliferation, promoting M1 macrophage polarization and the release of proinflammatory factors, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Therefore, it has become a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit Notch signal as a target in the treatment of spinal cord injury. In recent years, some researchers have used drugs, cell transplantation or genetic modification to regulate Notch signaling, which can promote the recovery of nerve function after spinal cord injury, thereby providing new treatment strategies for the treatment of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of Notch signaling pathway in spinal cord injury, and at the same time review the research progress in the treatment of spinal cord injury by modulating Notch signaling pathway in recent years, so as to provide new research ideas for further exploring new strategies for spinal cord injury.

Expression of Semaphorin 3A after spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate expression of Semaphorin 3A in rats after spinal cord injury and explore possible mechanism of inhibiting of axonal regeneration after SCI.@*METHODS@#Forty healthy female SD rats, 8 weeks old, weighing (210.00±9.88) g, were randomly divided into control group(20 rats in group A) and model group(20 rats in group B). In control group, removal of T@*RESULTS@#After a simple spinal cord transection injury, hemorrhagic necrosis, localized edema, neurodegeneration, necrosis, and cyst formation occurred in the injured area, and glial scar formation occurred in glial cells. Semaphorin 3A expression levels in control group was low in the gray matter area. There was no expression of Semaphorin 3A in the injured area of spinal cord injury in model group 3 days after operation. On the 14th day, the expression of Semaphorin 3A in the injured area of spinal cord injury increased significantly and was at a high level. On the 28th day, the expression of Semaphorin 3A was moderate. On the 42th day, the positive expression of Semaphorin 3A returned to normal level.@*CONCLUSION@#The increased expression of Semaphorin 3A after spinal cord injury may be one of the mechanisms that inhibit axonal regeneration.

Advances in olfactory ensheathing cells for the treatment of spinal cord injury / 中国骨伤

Spinal cord injury is a highly disabled neurological disease, and there is still a lack of effective treatments. Studies have proved that olfactory ensheathing cells are one of the ideal seed cells for promoting nerve regeneration after spinal cord injury. Olfactory ensheathing cells can promote axonal germination and elongation through secretion, interaction with astrocytes, regulation of inflammatory reaction, migration characteristics, myelination, anti-oxidation, lipid regulation and other channels. Thus olfactory ensheathing cells play the role of neuroprotection and nerve repair. In recent years, some studies have used bioengineering, tissue engineering, reprogramming and other technologies to enhance the efficacy of olfactoryensheathing cells from different aspects, thereby providing new therapeutic strategies for optimizing the cell therapy of spinal cord injury. This article will summarize the mechanism of olfactory ensheathing cells in repairing spinal cord injury, and review the progress of optimizing strategy of olfactory ensheathing cells in treating spinal cord injury recently, so as to provide new research ideas for the further developing the repair potential of olfactory ensheathing cells and optimize the cell therapy effect of spinal cord injury.

A case-control study of cervical spine Key-hole technique and anterior cervical Zero-P system in the treatment of cervical spondylotic radiculopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the short-term clinical efficacy of single-stage cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR) between the minimally invasive Key-hole technique and anterior cervical Zero profile intervertebral fusion system (Zero-P).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 45 patients who underwent surgical treatment for CSR from January 2017 to January 2020, including 21 in Key hole group (12 males and 9 females), followed up for 10-22(13.2±2.3) months;24 cases in Zero-P group (14 males and 10 females), and the follow up period was 10 to 23(12.7±1.9) months. Perioperative conditions (incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, length of hospital stay, and complications) were compared between two groups, and X-rays of cervical spine before and after surgery and at the final follow-up were taken to analyzed curvature of the cervical spine, visual analogue scale(VAS) of pain before and after surgery, Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score of cervical spine were recorded to evaluate clinical efficacy.@*RESULTS@#In Key-hole group and Zero-P group, the surgical incision length, intraoperative blood loss, operation time, final follow-up Cobb angle and immediate postoperative VAS score respectively were (1.2±0.2) cm, (5.3±0.3) cm;(35.3±9.7) ml, (120.2±13.5) ml;(56.4±11.3) min, (90.6±12.6) min;(3.2±3.9)°, (7.3±3.8)°;(2.8±1.2)points, (3.8±1.1) points;the Zero-P group was larger than the Key hole group, with statistical significance(@*CONCLUSION@#The cervical spine Key-hole technology is similar to the anterior cervical Zero-P system in the treatment of CSR. The Key-hole technique has certain advantages in incision length, intraoperative blood loss, and operation time. It is a safe, effective and can be widely used cervical spine surgery method.

Proventive and Therapentic Effects of Endothelial Progenitor Cells on Monocrotaline-Induced Hepatic Vein Occlusion Disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of endothelial progenitor cells on monocrotaline-induced hepatic vein occlusion disease in mice.@*METHODS@#C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: saline group (n=15), monocrotaline group (n=15), and endothelial progenitor cell infusion group (n=15). Liver function (TBIL, ALT, AST), liver index, and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were measured on the 8 day after intragastric administration. Hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic central venous endothelial cells and hepatocytes were observed by both HE and immunohistochemical staining. Hepatic fibrosis was observed by Masson's trichrome staining.@*RESULTS@#By the light microscopy, the liver of the monocrotaline group showed moderate to the severe injuries of hepatic sinusoidal and central venous endothelial cells, and hepatic venous congestion. Masson staining showed moderate to severe hepatic fibrosis of central vein and hepatic sinus. In the endothelial progenitor cell group, hepatic sinusoidal and central venous endothelial cell injuries, and the fibrosis of central hepatic vein and hepatic sinus were mild to moderate. Hepatic venous congestion was reduced in comparison with that in the mice of the monocrotaline group. Compared with the endothelial progenitor cell group, the liver index was higher, the liver function was more abnormal, and the serum expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were higher in the monocrotaline group.@*CONCLUSION@#The monocrotaline-induced damage of hepatic sinusoidal and central venous endothelial cells is an linitiating factor for hepatic vein occlusive disease. Infusion of endothelial progenitor cells can play a role in preventing and treating hepatic vein occlusion.

Cultivation, screening, identification and transplantation of Muse cell from human umbilical cord-derived for spinal cord injury in rats / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) by immunomagnetic bead screening from Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells(WJ-MSCs), and explore transplantation of Muse cell for safety and effectivensess of sub acute cord injury in rats.@*METHODS@#Donated Wharton's Jelly-mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) were successfully derived from a human umbilical cord by a series of procedures namely physical isolation of Wharton's Jelly from cord membrane, collagenase and trypsin treatment and density gradient centrifugation. Magnetic activated cell sorting was performed to specifically select SSEA3+ Muse cells, and flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were used to identify further. In vivo, spinal cord contusion injury model in rats was induced by NYU-III impactor, and were randomly divided and equally into four groups, namely group A (sham), group B (control), group C (Non-Muse cells transplantation) and group D (Muse cells transplantation). Laminectomy was conducted in group A but no spinal cord contusion injury. Laminectomy and cord injury were performed in group B, C and D, 10 g trip rod was freely falling down from 12.5 mm. Two weeks later, group B, C and D were received PBS injection, Non-Muse cells transplantation and Muse cells transplantation respectively, four-point injection were performed in each cord with totally 4×10⁵ cells. BBB scores were evaluated on 1 day, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 week after injury. Four weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were sacrificed, and immunohistochemistry were carried out to observe survival, migration and differentiation of the injected cells.@*RESULTS@#The expression of CD105, CD90 and CD73 were over 99.5% in the derived WJ-MSCs population, but CD45 and CD14 were lower than 0.5%, positive rate of SSEA3+ was 1.46% under flow cytometer, However, after MACS sorting, the percentage of 92.0% Muse cells expressed SSEA3 and CD105, and immunohistochemistry results of SSEA3 showed typically membrane morphology with special processes. In vivo, BBB scores was 21 in group A at different time points. One-way ANOVA and LSD analysis showed that BBB scores in group C and D were significantly higher than that in group B (=0.004, 0.002), but there was no significantly difference between group C and D. Further intra-group paired t test showed that BBB score was significantly higher at 4 weeks than that 3 weeks in group C (=0.005). However, in group D, BBB scores were significantly higher at 4 and 6 week than those at 3 and 5 weeks, values were 0.005 and 0.016 respectively. Immunohistochemistry results showed that both Muse cells and Non-Muse cells could survive for 4 weeks in rats and they migrated from the four-point injection to injury site. But there showed more Muse cells survival than Non-Muse cells in the cord.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Immunomagnetic bead screening is efficient to select large number of purified SSEA3+ Muse cells. Muse cells could survive and target-migrate in injured cord to improve BBB scores continuously. Muse cells are a novel kind of seed cells in the spinal cord injury treatment.

Advances on the study of movable artificial vertebral body / 中国骨伤

At present, artificial vertebral implants have proven to be effective in the treatment of spinal tumors, infections, fractures and other diseases. However, the fusion artificial vertebral body can cause adjacent intervertebral joint degeneration and loss of original physiological curvature and activity. The movable artificial vertebral body can, to some extent, restore the normal physiological movement and reduce biomechanical changes of the spine, reducing the occurrence of complication. The design of movable artificial vertebral body is to equip movable device when the basis of reliable stability is obtained. According to its principle it can be divided into ball socket joint or elastic deformation. However the overall design of movable artificial vertebral body needs further improvement. Traditional mechanical processing methods are difficult to process complex prostheses and the agreement rate between traditional produced prostheses and lesions was low. While the emerging 3D printing technology can achieve individualized improvement of prosthesis, its slow rate and high cost need to be improved. The materials of movable artificial vertebral body includes metal, ceramics, biomaterials, high polymer materials and so on. Titanium alloy is the main material in metal materials, which is widely used, but its modulus of elasticity is still far from that of human bone and it lacks ideal bone fusion. Ceramic materials are rich in variety but fragile and poor in wear resistance. Biomaterials include autogenous bone, allogeneic bone, etc., with limited source and complicated operation. There are many kinds of polymer and biodegradable materials which obtain excellent and ideal properties. But their properties and applications need to be further studied. The movable artificial vertebral body still needs to be promoted and developed. The clinical experimental data is still insufficient, and long-term curative effect needs to be further observed and studied. This paper reviews the development, advantages, design, processing and materials of movable artificial vertebral bodies and provides useful reference for optimization design, processing and clinical application of movable artificial vertebral bodies.

In vivo measurement of three-dimensional motion of the upper cervical spine using CT three-dimensional reconstruction / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#Using the CT three-dimensional reconstruction to measure the activity degree of atlanto-occipital joint and the atlantoaxial joint in different directions and its coupling movement in healthy volunteers, and three dimensional motion range of the maximum rotation position of the upper cervical spine of cervical spondylosis patients, and to analyze the differences, verifing the reliability of the method at the meantime.@*METHODS@#From January 2014 to June 2015, 20 healthy adult subjects(healthy adult group), and 26 patients with cervieal spondylosis(cervical spondylosis group) were selected. In healthy adult group, there were 11 males and 9 females, aged from 22 to 26 years old with an average of (24.0±1.2) years, and in cervical spondylosis group, there were 24 males and 2 females, aged from 36 to 72 years old with an average of (52.8±8.6) years. Healthy adults underwent CT examination in neutral position, maximum right rotation, maximum right lateral bending, maximum flexion and extention, and cervical spondylosis patients underwent CT examination in neutral position, maximum right rotation. Then the software Mimics was used to reconstruct occiput (Oc), atlas(C1) and axial(C2) vertebral three-dimensional image. Three virtual non-collinear markers were positioned on prominent structures of foramen magnum, C1 and C2. The 3D spatial coordinates of these virtual anatomical markers entail the definition of an anatomical local coordinate system which represent the position and orientation of the bones. Segmental motions were calculated using Eulerian angle in three major planes, and the difference between cervical spondylosis group and healthy adult group were compared. Due to the inaccuracy in anatomical landmark idenrification, two groups were measured 3 times, and the reliability of the experimental metnod was verified by the intra-group correlation (intra-group ICC) and the inter-group correlation coefficient(inter-group ICC).@*RESULTS@#Reliability verification results:the intra-group ICC and inter-group ICC results were all above 0.90, and the measurement method had high reliability. Three-dimensional activity of the upper cervical spine in healthy adults:the atlanto-occipital joint had(-6.8±1.5)° coupled left lateral bending and (8.9±2.0)° coupled extension in the maximum right rotation position, and the motion of atlanto-occipital joint had low activity[maximum was(5.3±2.6)°] in the remaining 3 positions; the rotation of atlanto-axial joint was(37.9±5.1)°, accounting for 52.34% of the total cervical spine activity[(72.4±5.0)°] in the maximum right rotation position, and rotational motion was still prominent in the remaining three positions. The relative translations of the upper cervical spine in all direction were small. The average axial rotation angle [(62.0±3.4)] ° of the total cervical spine in cervical spondylosis group was significantly lower than that in the healthy adult group, but the mean axial rotation angles of the atlanto-occipital and the atlantoaxial joint were not significantly different from those of the healthy adults(>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The three-dimensional CT reconstruction method has high reliability, which can be applied to measure the movement of spine. The upper cervical spine contributed the most to the direction of rotation, and the movement in all directions are accompanied by coupled motion in the other direction. There was no significant difference in the rotation of the upper cervical spine between cervical spondylosis patients and normal subjects.

An in vitro study on interaction of anisodine and monocrotaline with organic cation transporters of the SLC22 and SLC47 families / 中国天然药物

Current study systematically investigated the interaction of two alkaloids, anisodine and monocrotaline, with organic cation transporter OCT1, 2, 3, MATE1 and MATE2-K by using in vitro stably transfected HEK293 cells. Both anisodine and monocrotaline inhibited the OCTs and MATE transporters. The lowest IC was 12.9 µmol·L of anisodine on OCT1 and the highest was 1.8 mmol·L of monocrotaline on OCT2. Anisodine was a substrate of OCT2 (K = 13.3 ± 2.6 µmol·L and V = 286.8 ± 53.6 pmol/mg protein/min). Monocrotaline was determined to be a substrate of both OCT1 (K = 109.1 ± 17.8 µmol·L, V = 576.5 ± 87.5 pmol/mg protein/min) and OCT2 (K = 64.7 ± 14.8 µmol·L, V = 180.7 ± 22.0 pmol/mg protein/min), other than OCT3 and MATE transporters. The results indicated that OCT2 may be important for renal elimination of anisodine and OCT1 was responsible for monocrotaline uptake into liver. However neither MATE1 nor MATE2-K could facilitate transcellular transport of anisodine and monocrotaline. Accumulation of these drugs in the organs with high OCT1 expression (liver) and OCT2 expression (kidney) may be expected.

CT assisted goat lumbar vertebrae anatomical measurement and comparison with human lumbar vertebrae / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anatomical measurement of goat lumbar vertebrae and to compare with human lumbar vertebrae, so as to build the foundation for establishing animal models of lumbar prosthesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The anatomical parameters of the vertebral body, pedicle and intervertebral disc in the fresh lumbar vertebrae of Boer goat and the lumbar vertebrae of healthy adults were collected by computer aided software Mimics16.0, and the anatomical characteristics of the two lumbar vertebrae were compared with the statistical software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The anterior vertebral body height(VBHa) of goat lumbar was less than the middle vertebral body height(VBHm), which was less than the posterior vertebral body height(VBHp), and the maximum values were (38.7±2.9), (40.1±2.6) and (40.7±2.7) mm respectively. Its endplate width was greater than its depth, with the whole shaped like a heart or a kidney. The cranial endplate of goats was convex while the caudal endplate was depressed and the depression was small, with a maximum value of (1.6±0.6) mm. The pedicle height of goats increased from L₁1 to L̀ with the maximum of (30.5±1.9) mm; its pedicle width and angle increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of vertebra level and the minimum values were (6.7±0.4) mm and(45.9±2.6)° respectively. The anterior intervertebral disc height was larger than the middle which was larger than the posterior and all varied slightly with the changes of intervertebral spaces; the height and width of intervertebral foramen separately waved at (12.9±0.3) to (14.3±1.0) mm and (5.7±1.0) to (6.7±0.9) mm. The comparative results showed that the vertebral body height, pedicle height and angle of goats were greater than those of humans (<0.05) while the width and depth of the endplate, the intervertebral disc height, and etc. were significantly smaller than those of humans (<0.05). In addition, some structures, such as the height of pedicle and intervertebral disc, also showed different changing laws with the increase of vertebra level.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Although there are similarities in goat lumbar spine in some aspects, such as endplate and foramen foramen, there are still many differences in many aspects. Understanding the anatomical characteristics of goat lumbar vertebrae and the difference between goat and human is of great guiding significance for the research of goat prosthesis and related technology.</p>

CT assisted morphological study of lumbar endplate / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To study and measure the anatomic structure of lumbar vertebral endplate structure in healthy adults by computed tomography(CT) technique in order to provide a useful guidance for the optimal design and clinical application of lumbar prostheses.@*METHODS@#Sixty healthy adults (male and female equals) were recruited for full-waist CT scan after signing the informed consent form in the imaging department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University. The scanning data was imported into the computer aided software Mimics 16.0 for 3D reconstruction and measurement. The acquisition indexes included median sagittal diameter, maximum coronal diameter, concavity depth, median sagittal depression angle, coronal depression angle and so on. Finally, the collected data were statistically analyzed by the statistical software.@*RESULTS@#The median sagittal diameter and the maximum coronal diameter of the upper and lower endplates were not only different between the different sexes(0.05), but had a little change from L₁ to L₅, fluctuating from 1.5 to 2.0 mm and from 2.2 to 3.9 mm, respectively. In the same sequence, the concavity depth of lower endplate in males was greater than that of upper endplate, and the difference was statistically significant(0.05). Sagittal concavity angle and coronal concavity angle of upper and lower endplates changed slightly with the increase of vertebral order, and there was no gender difference in sagittal and coronal concavity angle of most vertebral sequences (>0.05). Statistics showed that the largest concavity near the caudal lumbar endplate was located on the dorsal side of the endplate plane.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The anatomical structure of the lumbar endplate is very complicated. It is important to master the anatomical parameters of the endplate and make full use of CT before operation for the development and clinical application of the lumbar prosthesis.

Comparison of the effect of navigation template assisted spinal pedicle fixation and traditional pedicle screw fixation:a Meta-analysis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To systematically evaluate the efficacy of rapid prototyping drill navigation template-assisted pedicle screw fixation and traditional anatomic landmark-based fixation in the treatment of spinal disease by accessing and searching some relevant literatures home and abroad.@*METHODS@#Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and prospective case-control studies or retrospective case-control studies about rapid prototyping drill templates-assisted pedicle screw fixation and traditional anatomic landmark-based fixation for the treatment of spinal disease were searched electronically in PubMed, The Cochrane Library(Issue 5, 2017), Clinical Trial, Google Scholar, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database before June 2017. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two researchers independently screened the literatures, and extracted the data. The methodological quality of randomized controlled trials were evaluated by the Cochrane Handbook, and prospective case-control studies and retrospective case-control studies were evaluated by the NOS scale. The outcomes were analyzed using RevMan 5.3 software provided by the Cochrane information management system.@*RESULTS@#A total of 7 articles were included, including 2 RCTs, 1 prospective case-control study and 4 retrospective case-control studies. A total of 237 patients were implanted with 1 688 pedicle screws, including 898 screws in the navigation template group, 790 screws in the conventional method group. Meta-analysis results showed that there was significant difference in the excellent rate of screw implantation between navigation template group and conventional method group [OR=5.05, 95% CI(3.13, 8.16), <0.000 01], there was significant difference in operative time, intraoperative blood loss for thoracolumbar surgery [WMD=-27.19, 95% CI(-38.21, -16.17), <0.000 01; WMD=-100.82, 95% CI(-182.26, -19.37), =0.02].@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with traditional pedicle screw fixation, navigation template spine pedicle screw fixation has better clinical effect, which can improve the excellent rate of screw placement, reduce the operation time and intraoperative bleeding.

Validity study of Coda Motion Analysis System for measuring cervical lateral flexion in normal adults / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the validity of Coda Motion Analysis System for measuring cervical lateral flexion in normal adults in order to explore a new measuring tool for clinical and research practice.@*METHODS@#A total of 43 participants were involved in the study. Cervical range of lateral flexion were measured with Coda Motion Analysis System and "gold standard" X-ray simultaneously. The validity and agreement were assessed using the scatter diagram, the Pearson correlation coefficient and limits of agreement.@*RESULTS@#Cervical range of lateral flexion measured by Coda Motion Analysis System had no statistical differences with those measured by X-ray(>0.05). The Coda Motion Analysis System demonstrated a very good linear relation with the X-ray measurements in cervical range of right lateral flexion, left flexion and total lateral flexion, and the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.72, 0.85 and 0.90 respectively.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Coda Motion Analysis System showed good validity for measuring cervical lateral flexion in normal adults. Because the reliability of Coda Motion Analysis System was established previously, the results of this study suggest that the system has the potential to be used to measure cervical lateral flexion in clinical and research practice.

Replication and Pathology of Duck Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 in Chukar / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

To investigate the susceptibility of Chukars to duck avian influenza virus H9N2 and explore their role in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses. Chukars were inoculated with duck avian influenza viruses H9N2. The present study demonstrated that inflammatory lesions and virus antigen were present in the trachea, bronchus, and parabronchus, and the viruses could be isolated from throat swabs and lung tissue homogenate supernatants. At 14 d post virus inoculation, anti-H9 influenza virus antibody in the serum was detected. The results indicated that Chukars are susceptible to duck avian influenza virus and serve as an intermediate host, thereby facilitating viral gene evolution and supporting the need for continued surveillance of epidemiology and evolution of the influenza virus in Chukars.

Rapid prototyping navigation template assisted cervical screw implantation:a review / 中国骨伤

The cervical screw fixation has been used widely in the clinic setting due to the high fusion rate, immediate fixation of the surgical segment and good correction of the deformity. However, owing to the variation of anatomical structures and the narrow pedicle screws, it's rather difficult to implant the screws through traditional methods. The perforation rate of the screw is high, which can cause serious complications such as neurovascular injury. In recent years, rapid prototyping navigation templates have been reported in the appilication to assist cervical screw placement for improving the accuracy of screw placement. In this paper, we reviewed and summarized published literatures about navigation template assisted cervical screw implantation in the past 20 years, systematically introduced the methods of producing and using of navigation templates, the development of design concept and the status of application in cervical spine surgery. To date, relevant clinical and cadaveric studies confirm that the use of rapid prototyping navigation template assisted cervical screw placement in cervical surgery can reduce screw perforation rate, intraoperative ionizing radiation injury and operation time, which is worth applying in the clinical practice. However, specific clinical effects of different design types of navigation templates are not well summarized. As a result, more clinical and cadaveric studies comparing the accuracy and safety of navigation templates of different design types are needed to help clinicians select the appropriate navigation template for surgery.

Evaluation of renal function in congenital spinal deformities patients with urinary malformations / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To evaluate renal function in congenital spinal deformities patients with urinary malformations.Methods We prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with congenital spinal deformities combined with urinary malformation as well as age- and weight-matched healthy individuals and divided them into three groups:renal malformations group,urinary tract malformations group,and healthy control group.Serum creatinine,blood urea,blood uric acid,serum cystatin C,and estimate glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)level were used to evaluate general renal function.Urinary microalbumin(mALB),urinary alpha-1-microglobulin(α1-MG), beta-2-microglobulin(β2-MG),and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase(NAG)level were determined to evaluate early renal function.Results We enrolled totally 16 patients with renal malformations,14 patients with urinary tract malformations group,and 20 healthy individuals as controls.The concentration of serum creatinine,blood urea, blood uric acid,serum cystatin C,and the value of eGFR in the three groups were within normal reference values, with no significant difference(P＞0.05).There were significant differences in the urinary levels of mALB,α1-MG and NAG in the three groups(P＜0.05),but not for the concentration of β2-MG(P＞0.05).Urinary levels of mALB and NAG were significantly higher in renal malformations group than in urinary tract malformations group (P＜0.05),but not for the concentration of α1-MG(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Early renal function impairment occurs in congenital spinal deformities children with urinary malformation.Moreover,it appears more severe in patients with renal malformations than in those with urinary tract malformations.

Clinical effect of platelet-rich plasma combined with bone graft on bone defect in humeral condylar / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma(PRP) combined with bone graft in the treatment of humeral condylar bone defect.Methods A total of 135 patients with humeral condylar bone defect in Ankang central hospital from January 2012 to December 2015 were divided into the PRP combined group(n =69) and the conventional group(n =66) according to the order of admission time.The patients of PRP combined group were treated with platelet-rich plasma combined with autologous bone graft,and patients of conventional group received autologous bone graft,respectively.The surgery time,hospitalization time,wound healing,fracture union and the motion of elbow joint at postoperative 1 year between two groups were compared.The Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to reflect the bone healing in both groups,and the log-rank test was used to compare the result.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the surgery time,hospitalization time,wound healing and motion of elbow joint at postoperative 1 year between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).But the average time of wound healing (3.8 ± 0.72) weeks and the time of bone union (18.8 ± 3.50) weeks in PRP combined group were significantly shorter than (6.4 ±0.58) weeks and (22.7 ± 1.55) weeks in the conventional group(P =0.000),the differences were significant.The KaplanMeier survival curve of the bone union in the PRP combined group was also significantly better than that in the conventional group.Conclusion PRP can promote the healing of fracture in patients with humeral condylar bone defect after autologous bone graft,which contributes to the recovery of elbow function.