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The “conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel sharing the same origin” theory refers to the concept that the conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel all originate from the same source within the uterus and emerge from the perineum. Based on the modern research of McNeal's prostate zonal anatomy theory， it is believed that the conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel have the closest relationship with the prostate in terms of their origin and running course. It is proposed that the essential meaning of the ‘conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel sharing the same origin’ theory in relation to the prostate is that the conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel respectively connect to the transition zone， peripheral zone， and central zone of the prostate. Moreover， the differences in the yin-yang attributes of the conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel exhibit distinct functional characteristics in different zones of the prostate， which serve as an important basis for the physiological and pathological differences in various prostate zones. Based on this premise， a prostate meridian， qi and blood syndrome differentiation method is further proposed， wherein the differences in the meridian characteristics of the conception vessel， governor vessel and thorough vessel determine the differences in the yin-yang aspects of qi and blood in different prostate zones. When clinical diagnosis is conducted， the inherent physiological differences of the different prostate zones should be fully taken into account， as well as the pathological characteristics of the disease， in order to guide the diagnosis and treatment of related clinical conditions.
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OBJECTIVE@#A rapid fixation device is developed to solve the problems of emergency fixation and transportation of patients with spinal injury.@*METHODS@#Through the analysis of the function,3D modeling design, finite element analysis and optimization design based on ANSYS Workbench, tensile strength verification experiment, we produced the prototype, and tested it, conducted a simulated rescue experiment.@*RESULTS@#The fixation device designed can meet the demand of spinal injury patients for safe rescue after accidents, and the quality of the rapid fixation device was lighten by about 30% without reducing the intensity.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The method based on optimal design can obviously improve the structure design, and has reference significance for other related rescue equipment design.
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Humains , Conception d'appareillage , Analyse des éléments finis , Résistance à la tractionRÉSUMÉ
Objective@#To analyze the clinical features of inpatients infected with influenza A virus, and then to provide evidence for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of influenza A in primary hospital.@*Methods@#The clinical data of inpatients with influenza A in one district hospital from Dec 2016 to Mar 2017 were collected to analyze retrospectively.@*Results@#A total of 21 665 patients were admitted to hospital from Dec 2016 to Mar 2017. Among them 647 flu-like cases accepted influenza A nucleic acid detection, and 203 cases were positive, the positive rate was 31.4%. The median age of influenza A positive patients was 64.25 years, and 20.2% were 0 to 4 years, 49.26% were 65 years of age or older. 58.13% patients had at least one underlying medical condition. Fever, Cough and Sputum were the most symptoms of patients infected with influenza A. Compared with the patients under 60 years old, non-fever symptoms were more common in those 60 years or older, the difference was statistically significant (χ2=15.43, P<0.001). Laboratory examination indicated that lymphocytopenia were detected in 54.27% of patients, and increased level of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (PCT) in 74.83% and 11.76% of patients respectively. Moreover, 75.58% of patients had high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), 8 patients (97.3%) had findings consistent with pneumonia. 78.33% of patients received anti-viral treatment with oseltamivir, the rate of antibiotic utilization was as high as 85.22%. The median of hospitalization expense of patients infected with influenza A was 4 280 (interquartile range 2 792-9 565) yuan, and the cost of inpatients who had combined underlying diseases were higher than that in inpatients who had no coexisting medical conditions, the difference was statistically significant (Z=7.106, P<0.01). No death occurred in this study.@*Conclusions@#Children and old people were at high risk for influenza A infection. Fever, cough and lymphocytopenia were the common clinical features of patients infected with influenza A. It is especially noteworthy for the patients who were 60 years of age or older with flu-like symptoms but without fever, or the patients who had one or more underlying medical conditions, and such patients should receive influenza virus nucleic acid tests as early as possible.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of ultrasound and MRI in fetal bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS). Methods The 7 pregnant women with suspected fetal BPS were examined with a 1.5 T MR unit within 24 h after prenatal ultrasound in Hubei Maternal and Children's Hospital during July 2013 to February 2015. The imaging protocol included half-fourier acquisition single shot turbo SE (HASTE), true fast imaging with steady state precession (True FISP) in axial, frontal and sagittal planes relative to the fetal thorax. Prenatal MRI findings have been compared with postnatal enhanced computed tomography or biopsy. Results The locations of BPS were in left side in 5 cases and in right side in 2 cases. One case was complicated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) of lung. Ultrasound showed the intrathoracic mass as a hyperechoic lesion and the feeding artery could be found by Doppler ultrasonography. T2WI could reveal not only the hyperintense lesions with clear boundary, but also the hypointense feeding artery originating from systemic circulation. Compared with pathological examination or enhanced CT, both of the ultrasound and the MRI could locate the lesions;however 2 feeding arteries were misjudged. Conclusions Prenatal ultrasound is the first-choice diagnostic modality for BPS. MRI can demonstrate the location, morphology and the feeding arteries of the fetal BPS, and also estimate the volume of normal lungs, which could be an important supplement to prenatal ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis and prognostic prediction of BPS.
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Objective To discuss the value of prenatal ultrasound and MRI in diagnosis of fetal agenesis of corpus callosum (ACC). Methods Sixty-seven fetuses from Hubei Maternal and Children's Hospital performed fetal MRI from July 2013 to December 2014 were included in this study. All fetuses (67 cases) with suspected ACC were studied with a 1.5T MR unit within 3 days after ultrasound examination. Prenatal ultrasound and MRI findings were studied. Results All the 67 ACCs previously suspected on ultrasound were confirmed by MRI. Among the 67 ACCs, 58 cases were complete ACC and 9 cases were partial ACC. Corpus callosum body and/or splenium absence was found in all 9 partial ACC cases. In all cases, on MRI, corpus callosum complete or partial absence was showed on the median sagittal images, and mild to moderate ventriculomegaly and abnormal morphology in lateral ventricle was shown on the axial or coronary images. Conclusions MRI has high value in diagnosis of ACC. When ACC is found or suspected by ultrasonophy, MRI examination is suggested to confirm the diagnosis.
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ObjectiveTo explore the imaging features of fetal tuberous sclerosis complex by ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsRetrospective analysis on the imaging characteristics of the 10 cases of fetuses confirmed as tuberous sclerosis complex who were examined in Hubei Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital in July 2013 to December 2014 by ultrasonography and MRI, which was compared with the pathological data of specimens and follow-up after birth.ResultsEighteen cases were diagnosed as fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma by ultrasonography among all of the 996 fetuses, in which lesions were located on the ventricular wall near septum or elsewhere in the heart cavity on ultrasonography. Fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma was characterized by circular, homogeneous high echo (singleton in 4 cases, multiple in 14 cases). Among them no subependymal nodule was found by ultrasonographic. Ten cases of subependymal nodule were found by magnetic resonance imaging, which were diagnosed as tuberous sclerosis complex with cardiac rhabdomyomas, including 3 cases of brain subcortical tubers. The subependymal nodules under the lateral ventricle wall showed characteristic low signal nodules on T2WI, protruding from the ependymal surface. Of 18 cases, only 4 cases of fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma were found by MRI. Nine cases of ifnally had termination of pregnancy. Two cases were conifrmed as cardiac rhabdomyoma with intracranial nodules after pathological examination, and 1 case was conifrmed as tuberous sclerosis complex after birth. ConclusionsPrenatal ultrasonography can diagnose fetal cardiac rhabdomyoma successfully, and MRI can diagnose the fetal brain nodules sensitively. Once ultrasonography finds cardiac rhabdomyoma, it may be promising to diagnose fetal tuberous sclerosis complex by ultrasonography combined with MRI.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical value of ultrasound and MRI in diagnosis of simple fetal indirect hernia.MethodsA total of 671 558 fetuses were examined in maternal and child healthcare hospital of Hubei from February 2003 to February 2015. Once inguinal hernia or testicular tumors was suspected, MRI examination was performed after prenatal ultrasound. Final diagnosis was confirmed by postnatal follow-up. The ultrasonographic characteristics of fetal indirect hernia were compared with prenatal MR image characteristics and postnatal follow-up results.ResultsThree cases were conifrmed after birth. The simple fetal indirect hernia was uncommon clinical entity which occurred during 3rd trimester. The ultrasonic characteristics in prenatal period were: (1) Right enlarged scrotum was iflled with heterogeneous lesion; intestinal peristalsis within the scrotum was found in real-time ultrasonography. (2) The contralateral testis in left scrotum and penis could be found. MRI could display the characteristicsof indirecthernia contents and its extension from abdominal cavity intoinguinalregion, which may help diagnose fetal simple indirect hernia. One case of fetal indirect hernia was misdiagnosed as testicular tumors, which was correctly diagnosed by MRI.ConclusionsThe simple fetal indirect hernia can be prenatally diagnosed by characteristic ultrasonic features, which can present with abnormal mass ininguinalregion. Prenatal ultrasound is the primary screening method of fetal indirect hernia. MRI can serve as a supplement approach. The combination of US and MRI can further improve the diagnostic accuracy of fetal indirect hernia.
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Objective To investigate the visual impairment and its rehabilitation after stroke.Methods After diagnosis of stroke by the neurologists, the patients received examinations of ocular pathology and visual function, especially in vision correction and rehabilitation. Results Five hundred and forty-seven stroke patients were recruited. 47.0% of the patients had eye alignment/movement impairment, 34.0% had visual field impairment, 19. 0% had visual perceptual difficulties and 19.9% had low vision blind. After using telescope, 35.7% blind patient's distance vision was ≥0.05; 58.2% low vision patient's distance vision was ≥0.3. After refraction (average vision:0.36±0.34 vs. 0.48 ±0.36,t =- 3.949,P=0.03) or using telescope(average vision of patients had low vision:0. 13±0. 07 vs. 0. 46±0.26,t=-5. 208,P=0.01 ;average vision of blind patients:0. 01 ±0.01 vs. 0. 06±0. 05,t = -3. 628, P= 0. 05), the improvement of vision for patients was significant.Conclusions The 72% of stroke patients has some kinds of visual impairment, which will affect not only the patients' independent living but also the clinical rehabilitation. Refraction and using telescope are effective for vision rehabilitation. Doctors should pay much attention to the visual therapy and rehabilitation for the stroke patients.
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We observed the effects of IKVAV self-assembling peptide nanofiber scaffold (SAPNS) on olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs). The IKVAV molecules were triggered to self-assemble to interconnected nanofibers hydrogel by adjusting pH of solution and adding of DMEM/F12 culture medium. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) showed that self-assembly hydrogel was consisted of the interconnected nanofibers, which varied from three nm to five nm in diameter and hundreds nanometer in length. The primary OECs were isolated from rat olfactory bulb and purified by differential adhesion twice. At days 12, the purity of OECs was 85% according to immunostaining of P75 NGFR antibody. OECs were cultured with IKVAV peptide. The adhesion, viability and proliferation of OECs were observed with inverted microscope, Calcein-AM/PI staining and Cell Counting Kit-8. OECs cultured on IKVAV SAPNS grew well and the viable cell count was 95%. IKVAV SAPNS can promote the adhesion of OECs and did no hinder the proliferation of OECs. IKVAV SAPNS nanofiber gel has good biocompatibility and bioactivity for OECs. It can serve as a good nerve tissue engineering scaffold.
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Animaux , Humains , Rats , Matériaux biocompatibles , Chimie , Hydrogels , Chimie , Laminine , Chimie , Test de matériaux , Nanofibres , Chimie , Bulbe olfactif , Biologie cellulaire , Nerf olfactif , Biologie cellulaire , Fragments peptidiques , Chimie , Rat Sprague-Dawley , Ingénierie tissulaire , Méthodes , Structures d'échafaudage tissulaires , ChimieRÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND:Recent studies have demonstrated that Niacinamide is capable of promoting the proliferation of intervertebral cells and improving intervertebral disc degeneration.Overloading is thought to the main cause of intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the protective effects of Niacinamide in loading induced intervertebral disc degeneration remains uncertain,OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Niacinamide against axial loading induced degeneration of rabbit lumbar disc.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized controlled experiment was carded out in the Central Laboratory and the Laboratory of Department of Orthopaedics,Union Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology from November 2008 to April 2009.MATERIALS:Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits (4 months old,weighing 2.0 kg).Niacinamide was supplied by Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory.METHODS:Twenty-four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups.The controllable axial loading induced rabbit lumbar disc degeneration model was adopted to impose 98N pressure on the rabbit discs to induce degeneration.Various doses of Niacinamide were given intragastrically to the rabbits in different groups:2 rabbits in group 1,the loading device was installed without pressing,and no Niacinamide was given;2 rabbits in group 2,given 50 mg/kg Niacinamide for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 3,loaded with 98N for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 4,loaded with 98N for 1 week,then the pressure was released for another week's recovery;5 rabbits in group 5,loaded with 98N and given 50 mg/kg Niacinamide for 1 week;5 rabbits in group 6,loaded with 98N for 1 week and then the pressure was released for another week's recovery,50 mg/kg Niacinamide was continually given during the 2 weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Magnetic resonance image and Thompson's grading system were used to assess degeneration degree of the discs;hematoxylin and eosin staining,immunohistochemical staining for type Ⅱ collagen,and Safranin O staining were used to evaluate histological changes;immunohistochemical staining for P161NK4A was used to evaluate cell proliferation and senescence.RESULTS：①According to the Thompson's grading system，there was no disc exhibited degeneration in group 2；5 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 3；4 rabbits graded Ⅱ and 1 rabbit graded Ⅲ in group 4；2 rabbits graded Ⅰ and 3 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 5；3 rabbits graded Ⅰ and 2 rabbits graded Ⅱ in group 6.MRI results revealed the alleviated degeneration in Niacinamide given groups.②The content of type Ⅱ collagen of annulus fibrosus of group 6 was 53.2% higher than that of group 4 (P＜0.01).③Safranin O-Fast Green staining density of group 2 was higher than that of group 1；The staining density of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus of groups 5 and 6 was higher than the corresponding parts of group 4，especially that of nucleus pulposus (P＜0.01，P＜0.01)，and group 6 exhibited slightly increased levels than group 5.④P16INK4A positive staining rates decreased with the extension of Niacinamide administration time.CONCLUSION：Niacinamide can help to alleviate overloading-caused damage to intervertebral disc，and can benefit the recovery of damaged intervertebral disc.
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Objective To study the effect of using handhold magnifier on reading speed in patients with low vision and normal-sighted people. Design Prospective,control study. Participants Low vision (13 patients)and normal-sighted readers (37 persons) who use handhold magnifiers or the first time. Method Nine-point text was read by normal vision subjects without magnifier and then with two magnifiers with different magnification (+10 D,+20 D) in different eye-to-magnifier distance (10 cm,35 cm). Nine-point text was also read by low vision people with magnifiers. The big printed text under the same magnification without magnifier was also read by low vision group. Reading speed was recorded. Main Outcome Measures Reading speed (words per minute). Result For normal vision subjects,reading speed without magnifier (194.6?45.2 words/min) is faster than that with a 10D magnifier in an eye-to-magnifier distance of 10cm (159.7?44.7 words/min) (P=0.001),and distance of 35cm (162.5?46.7words/min) (P=0.002),respectively. Reading speed without magnifier is also faster than that with a 20D magnifier in an eye-to-magnifier distance of 10cm (150.3?43.3 words/min) (P