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AIM: To observe the clinical outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with anterior vitrectomy in the treatment of pediatric cataracts.METHODS: Retrospective study. A total of 10 patients(17 eyes)diagnosed as pediatric cataract in Foshan Aier Eye Hospital from January 2021 to September 2022 were collected, including 5 males(9 eyes)and 5 females(8 eyes), with an age of 3～9(4.50±1.20)years old. All children underwent femtosecond laser assisted phacoemulsification combined with anterior vitrectomy. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure and pigment deposits of intraocular lens(IOL)surface, synechia and hyperplasia of posterior capsule lens at 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively were observed during the 6mo follow-up.RESULTS: All surgical procedures were successful, and there was no serious complication intraoperatively or postoperatively. BCVA(LogMAR)was 0.63±0.18 preoperatively and 0.42±0.10, 0.32±0.09, and 0.22±0.08 at 1wk, 1 and 6mo postoperatively(all P<0.001). There was no difference in the comparison of intraocular pressure at different times of surgery(P=0.125). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of IOL surface pigment deposits, synechia, and posterior capsule lens hyperplasia at different times after surgery(P>0.05). The incidence of IOL surface pigment deposits at 1wk, 1 and 6mo after surgery was 3 eyes(18%), 1 eye(6%), and 1 eye(6%), respectively, the incidence of synechia was 0 eye, 1 eye(6%), 2 eyes(12%), and the incidence of posterior capsule lens hyperplasia was 0 eye, 0 eye, and 2 eyes(12%), respectively.CONCLUSION: Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract phacoemulsification combined with vitrectomy for the removal of the anterior vitreous can effectively prevent anterior capsular tear and the occurrence of posterior capsule opacification.
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Objective:To observe the difference in drying dampness between Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma in model rats with spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome and clarify their property-efficacy relationship. Method:Sixty-four healthy male SD rats were randomized into the blank group， model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Scutellariae Radix groups， as well as high-， medium-， and low-dose Atractylodis Rhizoma groups. The rats were exposed to high-fat and high-sugar diet and external dampness-heat environment for 20 days for inducing the spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome. The macroscopic manifestations of rats were observed and the morphological changes in stomach and colon were detected under a light microscope after hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining， followed by the calculation of pathological scores. The serum tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and interferon-<italic>γ</italic> （IFN-<italic>γ</italic>） levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein and mRNA expression levels of aquaporin-4 （AQP4） in the gastric tissue were measured by Western blot and Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）， respectively. Result:Rats in the model group presented with the manifestations of dampness-heat syndrome. The inflammatory reaction in stomach and colon was obvious， and the pathological score was significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The serum IFN-<italic>γ</italic>， IL-4， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels were elevated （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and so were the AQP4 protein and mRNA expression levels in the gastric tissue except that there was no statistical difference. The clinical symptoms of rats in the medication groups were alleviated. Scutellariae Radix significantly relieved the gastric and colonic inflammation in model rats. Atractylodis Rhizoma inhibited the colonic inflammation in model rats to a certain extent， but it had no obvious effect on gastric inflammation. The pathological score of each Scutellariae Radix group was decreased. In terms of the pathological score of gastric tissue， only the high-dose Scutellariae Radix produced a significant difference （<italic>P</italic><0.01）， and the pathological scores of the three Atractylodis Rhizoma groups were not significantly different from that in the model group. As for the pathological score of colonic tissue， all the medication groups except for the low-dose Atractylodis Rhizoma group exhibited a significant difference in comparison with that of the model group （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma at each dose reduced not only the serum IFN-<italic>γ</italic>， IL-4， and TNF-<italic>α</italic> levels （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）， but also the AQP4 protein expression in gastric tissue of model rats （<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The AQP4 mRNA expression in the gastric tissue of model rats declined in the high- and low-dose Scutellariae Radix groups， while that in the medium-dose Scutellariae Radix group and each Atractylodis Rhizoma group rose without statistical difference. Conclusion:Scutellariae Radix and Atractylodis Rhizoma display a certain property-efficacy relationship in drying dampness of rats with spleen-stomach dampness-heat syndrome. Specifically， the efficacy of drying dampness is related to their cold/heat property， and the resulting outcome of bitter-cold Scutellariae Radix is better than that of bitter-warm Atractylodis Rhizoma.
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Liver disease is the general term for all diseases that occur in the liver. In recent years, traditional Chinese medicine has certain advantages in the treatment of liver diseases. With a high experimental study value, good clinical efficacy and less adverse reactions, it has broad prospects. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway is closely related to liver diseases. Its mechanism is to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) through tlr4-mediated signaling pathway, inhibit the secretion of such inflammatory factors as interleukin-1(IL-1), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and the inflammatory damage of liver cells, so as to further inhibit the effect of IL-1,IL-6, TNF-α in activating Hepatic Stellate Cell(HSC). The ways of blocking TRL4 pathway are as follows:Inhibiting the expression of TLR4,Inhibiting the dimerization of TLR4. Blocking intracellular signal transduction:①acting on the binding protein; ②acting on the kinase IRAKs; ③acting on TLRAFst. In these ways, the TRL4 pathway is blocked, the inflammation is inhibited, and the anti-liver disease effect is achieved. Therefore, inhibiting or enhancing TLR4 signaling pathway or intervening in some links of TLR4 signaling pathway has become a new strategy for the treatment of liver diseases. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway has become one of the targets of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) against liver diseases. In this paper, the recent literatures on the effect of TCM in resisting activation of TLR4 signaling pathway and the effect of anti-liver diseases through monomers and effective parts of TCM, extracts of TCM and compound prescriptions of TCM were collected and summarized to provide important guiding significance and direction for the treatment of liver diseases by TCM and WM in the next step.
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Objective:To investigate the protective effects of Lactobacillus casei Zhang ( Lcz) on mice with Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury.Methods:Mice were randomly divided into five groups:Control group (ctrl),APAP-induced liver injury group ( APAP ) , N-Acetylcysteine positive control group ( NAC ) , Lcz preventive group ( Lcz/APAP ) and Lcz control group (Lcz).Mice were orally administrated with Lcz (1×109 CFU/ml) for 30 continuous days prior to APAP exposure.Positive control group were intraperitoneally injected with 150 mg/kg NAC 1 h before APAP challenge.Mice in the APAP,NAC and Lcz/APAP group were intraperitoneally injected with 300 mg/kg APAP.Blood and liver samples were collected 18 h post APAP challenge.The expression of HO-1,SOD2,Bcl-2 and TLR4 were detected by Western blot.Results: Lcz could significantly inhibit APAP-induced increase in ALT and AST levels.Furthermore,pretreatment with Lcz increased the hepatic expression of HO-1,SOD2 and Bcl-2,while suppressing the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4).Conclusion:Lcz can protect against APAP-induced acute liver injury in mice.The hepato-protective effects of Lcz are associated with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory capacity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the sedative effect of acupuncture on patients during mechanical ventilation after valve replacement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients during mechanical ventilation after valve replacement were randomly assigned to three groups. Intravenous injection of propofol (Pro I) was given to patients in group I; to patients in group II, Pro I was given also and acupuncture at Shenting (DU24) and Yintang (EX-HN3) with needle retention was applied simultaneously, and to those in group III, the same treatment as that for group II was applied but with electroacupuncture instead of simple acupuncture. The speed of Pro I was controlled through micro-pump to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) within 70 - 80. The dose of propofol used, the Ramsay score and adverse reaction, and so on in the three groups were observed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pro I dose used was insignificantly different between group I and group II (P > 0.05), but in group III it was more reduced than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference in BIS, Ramsay score, adverse reaction, etc. was found among the three groups. BIS measurements showed negative correlation with Ramsay scores (r = -0.85, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Electro acupuncture at Shenting and Yintang has a certain sedative effect on patients during mechanical ventilation after valve replacement.</p>