Effect of processing method on chemical constituents of Rehmanniae Radix: based on UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to explore the chemical composition of Rehmanniae Radix braised with mild fire and compare the effect of processing method on the chemical composition of Rehmanniae Radix. To be specific, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-orbitrap mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS) was used to screen the chemical constituents of Rehmanniae Radix. The chemical constituents were identified based on the relative molecular weight and fragment ions, literature information, and Human Metabolome Database(HMDB). The ion peak area ratio of each component before and after processing was used as the index for the variation. SIMCA was employed to establish principal component analysis(PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) models of different processed products. According to the PCA plot, OPLS-DA plot, and VIP value, the differential components before and after the processing were screened out. The changes of the content of differential components with the processing method were analyzed. A total of 66 chemical components were identified: 57 of raw Rehmanniae Radix, 55 of steamed Rehmanniae Radix, 55 of wine-stewed Rehmanniae Radix, 51 of repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, 62 of traditional bran-braised Rehmanniae Radix, and 63 of electric pot-braised Rehmanniae Radix. Among them, the 9 flavonoids of braised Rehmanniae Radix were from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. PCA suggested significant differences in the chemical composition of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata prepared with different processing methods. OPLS-DA screened out 32 chemical components with VIP value >1 as the main differential components. Among the differential components, 9 were unique to braised Rehmanniae Radix(traditional bran-braised, electric pot-braised) and the degradation rate of the rest in braised(traditional bran-braised, electric pot-braised) or repeatedly steamed and sundried Rehmanniae Radix was higher than that in the steamed or wine-stewed products. The results indicated the chemical species and component content of Rehmanniae Radix changed significantly after the processing. The 32 components, such as rehmapicrogenin, martynoside, jionoside D, aeginetic acid, hesperidin, and naringin, were the most important compounds to distinguish different processed products of Rehmanniae Radix. The flavonoids introduced by Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium as excipient may be the important material basis for the effectiveness of braised Rehmanniae Radix compared with other processed products.

A comparative analysis on financing arrangement of the first batch of long-term care insurance in pilot cities / 中国卫生政策研究

At present,the long-term care insurance pilot work have been carried out in China.Through reviews of long-term care insurance financing arrangement of the first four cities,this study compares and analyzes the financing nature,financing resource,financing level,financing fairness of each city.It was found that financing resource was a little single,incentive measures were lacking.The overall level of financing was slow,fairness of financing needed to be improved and so on.In order to improve the system design of long-term care insurance financing arrangement,this paper put forward several problems that need to be paid special attention,and proposes ways to tackle them.For improving the resource of financing,reasonable and stable resource of financing was suggested to be formed gradually,financing channels to be broadened and financing level to be improved.For improving financing fairness,the insurance system should be perfected and propaganda should be strengthened and other aspects of raising fairness of financing.Financing management system should be straightened out.

A comparative analysis on financing arrangement of the first batch of long-term care insurance in pilot cities / 中国卫生政策研究

At present,the long-term care insurance pilot work have been carried out in China.Through reviews of long-term care insurance financing arrangement of the first four cities,this study compares and analyzes the financing nature,financing resource,financing level,financing fairness of each city.It was found that financing resource was a little single,incentive measures were lacking.The overall level of financing was slow,fairness of financing needed to be improved and so on.In order to improve the system design of long-term care insurance financing arrangement,this paper put forward several problems that need to be paid special attention,and proposes ways to tackle them.For improving the resource of financing,reasonable and stable resource of financing was suggested to be formed gradually,financing channels to be broadened and financing level to be improved.For improving financing fairness,the insurance system should be perfected and propaganda should be strengthened and other aspects of raising fairness of financing.Financing management system should be straightened out.