RÉSUMÉ
Recent studies have highlighted spatially resolved multi-omics technologies,including spatial genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,and metabolomics,as powerful tools to decipher the spatial heterogeneity of the brain.Here,we focus on two major approaches in spatial transcriptomics(next-generation sequencing-based technologies and image-based technologies),and mass spectrometry imaging tech-nologies used in spatial proteomics and spatial metabolomics.Furthermore,we discuss their applications in neuroscience,including building the brain atlas,uncovering gene expression patterns of neurons for special behaviors,deciphering the molecular basis of neuronal communication,and providing a more comprehensive explanation of the molecular mechanisms underlying central nervous system disorders.However,further efforts are still needed toward the integrative application of multi-omics technologies,including the real-time spatial multi-omics analysis in living cells,the detailed gene profile in a whole-brain view,and the combination of functional verification.
RÉSUMÉ
Stroke is considered a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability, which puts a huge burden on individuals and the community. To date, effective therapy for stroke has been limited by its complex pathological mechanisms. Autophagy refers to an intracellular degrading process with the involvement of lysosomes. Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining the homeostasis and survival of cells by eliminating damaged or non-essential cellular constituents. Increasing evidence support that autophagy protects neuronal cells from ischemic injury. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy activation induces cell death and aggravates ischemic brain injury. Diverse naturally derived compounds have been found to modulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against stroke. In the present work, we have reviewed recent advances in naturally derived compounds that regulate autophagy and discussed their potential application in stroke treatment.
RÉSUMÉ
Autophagy is fundamental to maintain cellular homeostasis. As one kind of the most well-studied selective autophagy, autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy)is crucial for the clearance of damaged mitochondria. Mitophagy dysfunction has been proved to be closely associated with many human diseases. Nix is a key protein for mitophagy during the maturation of reticulocytes. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying Nix-mediated mitophagy are not fully understood. This article summarizes three possible working models of Nix in mitophagy induction. Firstly, Nix can interplay with Parkin, another important protein for mitophagy, to initiate mitophagy. Secondly, Nix can serve as a receptor for autophagy machinery by interacting with Atg8 family through its LIR motif. Finally, as a BH3-only protein, Nix can compete with Beclin-1 to bind other members of Bcl-2 family resulting in increased free Beclin-1 in cytosol, which further promotes autophagy flux.
Sujet(s)
Autophagie , Génétique , Physiologie , Famille de la protéine-8 associée à l'autophagie , Physiologie , Bécline-1 , Physiologie , Protéines membranaires , Physiologie , Mitochondries , Génétique , Physiologie , Mitophagie , Génétique , Physiologie , Motifs et domaines d'intéraction protéique , Protéines proto-oncogènes , Physiologie , Protéines proto-oncogènes c-bcl-2 , Protéines suppresseurs de tumeurs , Physiologie , Ubiquitin-protein ligases , PhysiologieRÉSUMÉ
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of neutrophil parameters Neut‐X and Neut‐Y in the diagnosis of blood stream infection(BSI) .Methods The data in106 patients with blood stream infection and 51 cases in the healthy control group were retrospectively analyzed .The results of WBC ,neutrophil percentage ,Neut‐X ,Neut‐Y and procaclitonin (PCT ) were compared .Results Neut‐X and Neut‐Y in the BSI group were 1 393 .5 ± 33 .4 and 416 .2 ± 30 .0 respectively ,which were signifi‐cantly higher than 1 371 .9 ± 32 .7 and 391 .7 ± 23 .7 in bacterial culture negative group and 1 347 .2 ± 26 .2 and 371 .9 ± 21 .5 in the healthy control group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Neut‐X and Neut‐Y had good correlation with PCT . Neut‐X and Neut‐Y levels in the Gram‐negative bacterial group were higher than those in the Gram‐positive bacterial group .Conclu‐sion Neut‐X and Neut‐Y parameters in the patients with BSI are significantly increased and can be used as the assistant diagnosis parameters of blood stream infection .