The Job Performance, Importance, and Difficulty in Surgical Clinical Practice Nurses using Importance-Performance Analysis / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to describe the job performance, importance, and difficulty in Surgical Clinical Practice Nurses (SCPNs), and to identify the priority of job tasks using Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA). @*Methods@#One hundred SCPNs were recruited from two university hospitals and two general hospitals during November 2021 to April 2022. A total of 97 data were analyzed excluding 3 data due to missing responses. The data were analyzed by two groups, with Ward-Based SCPNs (W-SCPNs) and Operation Room-Based SCPNs (OR-SCPNs) according to different characteristics of job tasks. @*Results@#There were differences of job performance between W-SCPNs and OR-SCPNs. As a result of the IPA, tasks of ‘working practices in the ward’ for W-SCPNs and those of ‘surgery and treatments’ for OR-SCPNs were included in the first quadrant (keep up the good work). ‘Resarch’ and ‘leardership’ were included in the third quadrant (low priority). @*Conclusion@#Since there are differences in job tasks between W-SCPNs and OR-SCPNs, health care institutions should consider the differences in defining the scope of job performance. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop customized continuing education program based on our findings of IPA.

Job Experiences of Nurses Participating in Pilot Project of Fixed Night Shift Nursing by a Tertiary Hospital / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to explore the meaning of job experiences of fixed night shift nurses participating in a pilot project by a tertiary hospital, and to provide basic information for improving their night shift working environment. @*Methods@#A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using individual interviews in September 2022. Three female nurses who worked fixed night shifts were recruited from a tertiary hospital. Data were analyzed using content analysis. @*Results@#By analyzing the meaning of job experience as a fixed night shift nurse, four categories and nine subcategories were identified. The four categories of job experience of fixed night shift nurses were: expecting an improvement physical health due to predictable working hours, enjoying leisure time due to long off-duty hours, regretting for loosened relationships, and considering a successful settlement of fixed night shift nursing. Conclusion: As night shift work is essential for nurses to provide continuous nursing to patients, it is necessary to develop various strategies to improve the physical health of night shift nurses through fatigue management and good sleep quality, mental health through work-life harmony, and social health through intimate relationships between patients and coworkers.

Factors Influencing on Core Competencies in Disaster Nursing by University Hospital Nurses’ Experiences of Caring for Patients with COVID-19

Purpose@#Considering that nurses perform critical roles for caring for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to investigate core competencies in disaster nursing. This study aimed to identify influencing factors on core competencies in disaster nursing by examining relationships between attitudes toward disaster management, disaster preparedness, and core competencies in disaster nursing in university hospital nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19. @*Methods@#The participants were nurses working in two university hospitals who had either experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 or no experiences. A questionnaire was distributed to 198 participants between October and November 2021. @*Results@#The findings of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the factors related to core competencies in disaster nursing in the participants were disaster preparedness (β=.80, p<.001) and nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 (β=.11, p=.007). Specifically, the factors related to core competencies in disaster nursing in those having experiences of direct caring for patients with COVID-19 were disaster preparedness (β=.84, p<.001) and marital status (β=.16, p=.001). The factors related to core competencies in disaster nursing in those with indirect caring for patients with COVID-19 were disaster preparedness (β=.75, p<.001) and an intention to participate in disaster response (β=.16, p=.037). @*Conclusion@#Based on this study, it is important to develop disaster nursing education programs focusing on the full spectrum of disaster management including disaster preparedness, disaster response, and disaster recovery training.

Effects of Positive Psychological Capital, Job Crafting and Job Satisfaction on Intention of Retention in Hospital Nurses / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the factors that affect intention of retention of hospital nurses by examining correlations between positive psychological capital, job crafting, job satisfaction and intention of retention based on the expanded Job Demand-Resources Model. @*Methods@#A total of 198 nurses with more than 6 months of clinical experience were recruited from a university hospital. Data on positive psychological capital, job crafting, job satisfaction and intention of retention were collected from September to October 2021 using self-report questionnaires. @*Results@#Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that the factors affecting hospital nurses’ intention to retain were marital status (β=.15, p=.035) in Model 1, positive psychological capital (β=.18, p=.037), and job crafting (β=.29, p=.001) in Model 2, and job satisfaction (β=.55, p<.001) explained by 35% in Model 3. @*Conclusion@#Based on our findings, employer and nursing leaders should provide job satisfaction programs including offering career growth opportunities and building supportive nursing culture for retention among nurses.

Factors Influencing on Vision-related Quality of Life in Patients with Retinal Diseases Receiving Intravitreal Injections / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases receiving intravitreal injections by examining relationships among anxiety, depression, coping, eye health behaviors and vision-related quality of life. @*Methods@#One hundred and five outpatients who were diagnosed with macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were recruited from one university hospital during August 16, 2019 to March 25, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation), and t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlations, and stepwise multiple regressions using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. @*Results@#The vision-related quality of life according to general characteristics of retinal disease patients with intravitreal injection showed significant differences in age (F=3.01, p=.034), subjective economic status (F=5.83, p=.004), types of retinal disease (t=2.62, p=.010), and disease in both eyes (t=-3.04, p=.003). The vision-related quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with age (r=.24, p=.012), and negative correlations with anxiety (r=-.66, p<.001), depression (r=-.48, p<.001), and emotion-focused coping (r=-.20, p=.036). The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that factors affecting vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases were anxiety and subjective economic status, accounting for 47.0% of the variances of the vision-related quality of life. @*Conclusion@#Based on our results, health professionals need to pay attention to patients with low socioeconomic status due to frequent treatments. Also, a program needs to be developed to decrease anxiety for outpatients receiving intravitreal injections to improve their vision-related quality of life.

Factors Influencing on Vision-related Quality of Life in Patients with Retinal Diseases Receiving Intravitreal Injections / 임상간호연구

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases receiving intravitreal injections by examining relationships among anxiety, depression, coping, eye health behaviors and vision-related quality of life. @*Methods@#One hundred and five outpatients who were diagnosed with macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy were recruited from one university hospital during August 16, 2019 to March 25, 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage, mean, standard deviation), and t-tests, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson’s correlations, and stepwise multiple regressions using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0. @*Results@#The vision-related quality of life according to general characteristics of retinal disease patients with intravitreal injection showed significant differences in age (F=3.01, p=.034), subjective economic status (F=5.83, p=.004), types of retinal disease (t=2.62, p=.010), and disease in both eyes (t=-3.04, p=.003). The vision-related quality of life showed a significant positive correlation with age (r=.24, p=.012), and negative correlations with anxiety (r=-.66, p<.001), depression (r=-.48, p<.001), and emotion-focused coping (r=-.20, p=.036). The hierarchical regression analysis indicated that factors affecting vision-related quality of life in patients with retinal diseases were anxiety and subjective economic status, accounting for 47.0% of the variances of the vision-related quality of life. @*Conclusion@#Based on our results, health professionals need to pay attention to patients with low socioeconomic status due to frequent treatments. Also, a program needs to be developed to decrease anxiety for outpatients receiving intravitreal injections to improve their vision-related quality of life.

Factors Influencing the Physical Activity of Foreign Workers:Based on a Health Promotion Model

Purpose@#With low birth rates and aging population problems in Korea, the number of foreign workers grows rapidly.The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing physical activity of foreign workers based on a Health Promotion Model by examining relationships between acculturation, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, exercise self-efficacy, activity-related affect, social support, and physical activity. Methods: The participants were foreign workers aged 18 to 60 who were employed at eight shipyards. A questionnaire was distributed to 216 participants. @*Results@#As a result of the multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis, factors affecting physical activity of foreign workers were perceived benefits (B=.65, 95% CI=0.08~1.22), exercise self-efficacy (B=.16, 95% CI=0.05~0.26), integration (B=.41 95% CI=0.14~0.69), and social support for physical activity (B=.48, 95% CI=0.12~0.83). The total explanatory power was 17.7% (x2 =41.95, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on these results, there is a need to develop a customized program to increase physical activities of foreign workers by enhancing integration, perceived benefits, exercise self-efficacy and social support.

Experiences of Posttraumatic Growth in Firefighters with Repeated Traumatic Events / 한국직업건강간호학회지

The study aimed to explore experiences of the posttraumatic growth (PTG) in firefighters with repeated exposure to traumatic events. Methods: Participants were 11 firefighters from two fire departments, who had experienced more than one critical trauma events. Data were collected through personal interviews from August to October 2020 and analyzed by Colaizzi's phenomenological methods. Results: The PTG experiences were derived into four categories: ‘growth in self-perception’, ‘rediscovery of the meaning of life’, ‘deep interpersonal relationships’, and ‘discovery of the meaning of work’. Conclusion: These findings could be used as basic information for developing PTG program for firefighters such as logo-therapy, semantic therapy, and self-disclosure intervention using expressive writing and speaking.

Exploring the relationships between Exercise Benefits/Barriers, Competence, Depression and Wellness in Traditional Market Traders / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between perceived exercise benefits/barriers, competence, depression, and wellness, and then to identify influencing factors on the wellness of traditional market traders. @*Methods@#One hundred eight persons working in a traditional market participated in the study of questionnaire. Data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. @*Results@#The scores were 2.82±0.66 for “perceived exercise benefits”, 1.84±0.42 for “perceived exercise barriers”, 4.68±1.56 for “competence”, 9.60±7.56 for “depression”, and 3.64±0.64 for “wellness”. Regression analysis to identify factors affecting the wellness of traditional market traders showed that “perceived exercise benefits” was the most significant factor (β=.32, p<.001), followed by “competence” (β=.04, p=.009) and “depression” (β=.17,p=.039).The explanatory power of these variables for wellness of traditional market traders was 53%. @*Conclusion@#Our findings suggest that perceived exercise benefits, competence and depression are significantly related to traditional market trader’s wellness. Therefore, wellness programs should be developed to reduce depression and improve perceived exercise benefits and competence.

Relationships between Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise, Motivation for Exercise, and Physical Activity of Female Workers in Retail and Health Service Sectors / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to identify the effects of psychological need satisfaction in exercise and motivation for exercise on physical activity. @*Methods@#Eighty-five women working in three retail and health service sectors completed self-reported questionnaires during September and November 2018. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 24.0 through descriptive statistics, t-tests, and logistic regression analysis. @*Results@#Logistic regression analysis showed that intrinsic motivation (OR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.10~3.47) and autonomy (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.00~2.70) affected female workers' physical activity. @*Conclusion@#To improve physical activity among women working in retail and health service sectors, programs to improve autonomy and intrinsic motivation should be developed and examined.

Effects of Positive Psychological Capital, Social Support and Head Nurses' Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment of Nurses at the Advanced Beginner Stage / 간호행정학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing organizational commitment of nurses at the advanced beginner stage by examining relationships between positive psychological capital, social support, head nurses' authentic leadership and organizational commitment. @*Methods@#One hundred and ten nurses at the advanced beginner stage were recruited from a tertiary hospital. Their clinical experience was from over 13 months to less than 36 months. Data were collected using self-report questionnaires which were used to identify participants' characteristics, positive psychological capital, social support, head nurses' authentic leadership and organizational commitment. @*Results@#The organizational commitment score was 3.16±0.43 points. The results of the stepwise multiple regression showed that factors affecting organizational commitment of nurses at the advanced beginner-stage were head nurse’s authentic leadership, positive psychological capital, and job satisfaction in current working department, indicating that these three variables accounted for 25% of organizational commitment. @*Conclusion@#The findings from this study indicate that the authentic leadership of head nurses needs to be enhanced to increase the organizational commitment of nurses at the advanced beginner-stage, also a program needs to be developed to improve their positive psychological capital.

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Nursing Information Literacy Competency

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for measuring nursing information literacy competency, and then to examine the validity and reliability of the instrument. METHODS: The developmental process of the instrument includes construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Its content validity was verified by three experts from nursing and nursing informatics. Its construct, convergent, and discriminant validity was examined in confirmatory factor analysis. Finally, its criterion validity was measured with Pearson's correlation. The tool's reliability was examined by Cronbach's α. The participants include 382 nurses from four hospitals and one university hospital. RESULTS: Twenty seven items in total were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis were supported with acceptable model fit, which were named competency for identifying problem, potential sources for information, searching fine information, evaluating information, acquising and managing of information, using information ethically, and integrating new information. The convergent, discriminant and criterion validities were also supported. The Cronbach's α coefficient was .93. CONCLUSION: The instrument is valid and reliable to comprehensively assess nurses' information literacy competency, and to provide a basic direction for developing nursing information literacy program.

Effectiveness of a Workplace Smoking Cessation Program based on Self-determination Theory Using Individual Counseling and Tailored Text Messaging: A Pilot Study

PURPOSE: Adverse health effects of smoking could be made worse by worker's tobacco use, and combining tobacco use with occupational hazards could enhance the likelihood of occupational disease and injury. This study was aimed to develop a workplace smoking cessation program based on self-determination theory (SDT) and then to examine the effectiveness of the program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group pretesteposttest design was used. An intervention group (n = 30) received a smoking cessation program using individual counseling and tailored text messaging based on SDT during 12 weeks. Participants in the control group (n = 30) received a smoking cessation leaflet and telephonic follow-up for 3 times. RESULTS: At 6 and 12 weeks, there were significant differences between the two groups on autonomous regulation, perceived competence, nicotine dependence, tobacco abstinence rate, and exhaled carbon monoxide concentration. At 12 weeks, the abstinence rate in the intervention group was 96.7%, whereas that in the control group was 12.9%. CONCLUSION: SDT-based workplace smoking cessation program using individual counseling and tailored text messaging is effective in encouraging autonomous regulation and competence for workers.

Effectiveness of a Workplace Walking Program Using a Fitness Tracker Including Individual Counseling and Tailored Text Messaging

PURPOSE: This study is designed as a non-equivalent, control group pre/post-test for identifying effectiveness of a workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging. METHODS: Seventy-nine employees from two large companies were allocated into an intervention group (n=39) and a control group (n=40). Participants were asked to wear a fitness tracker (Fitbit Charger HR) during 24-hour, 5-days per week, for 10 weeks. The intervention group was provided with daily walking steps measured by Fitbit, weekly counseling with a specifically designed workbook, and seven weekly text messaging, and the control group with the fitness tracker only. RESULTS: At the week 10 measurement, there were significant differences between the intervention and control groups in physical activity self-efficacy (p<.001), physical activity behavior (p<.001), daily walking steps (p<.001), systolic blood pressure (p=.033), and wellness (p<.001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the workplace walking program using a fitness tracker including individual counseling and tailored text messaging is more effective for persons with 10,000 steps/day. Therefore, it is recommended to actively apply this workplace walking program to inactive employees for encouraging regular physical activities and improving their wellness.

Impact of Health-related Quality of Life in Firefighters: Focused on Posttraumatic Stress, Health-related Work Limitations, and Family Support / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to identify the factors affecting health-related quality of life by examining the relationships among posttraumatic stress, health-related work limitations, and family support in firefighters. METHODS: The data were collected from 390 firefighters working in four fire stations located in the G district using self-report questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA along with the Scheffé test, and multiple regression. RESULTS: As per the results of multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting health-related quality of life in firefighters were posttraumatic stress, health-related work limitations, and family support. This model explained 31% of the variance in health-related quality of life (F=30.03, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Considering the findings of this study, there is a need to reduce posttraumatic stress and health-related work limitations and develop family support toward firefighters.

The Relationships between Sexual Intercourse and Health Risk Behaviors in Korean and US Adolescents

PURPOSE: Early sexual intercourse is associated with poor health outcomes in adolescents. It is known that sexual intercourse coincides with other health risk behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and using drugs. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors among Korean and US adolescents using nationally representative data. METHODS: Data were collected from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (29,676 students) and 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (10,135 high school students). Logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: In Korea, students who had sexual intercourse accounted for 7.0% in total. Among these, 9.7% were male and 4.2% were female students. In the US, a total of 51.3% students had sexual intercourse, and the proportion of the US male (49.3%) and female (53.4%) students who had sexual intercourse was similar. Korean and US students who experienced sexual intercourse were more likely to smoke, drink alcohol, and use drugs. CONCLUSION: Since the results of this study show the relationships between sexual intercourse and health risk behaviors, it is necessary to develop comprehensive sex education programs with effective strategies to reduce health risk behaviors in adolescents.

Development of a Wellness Index for Workers

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a wellness index for workers (WIW) and examine the validity and reliability of the WIW for assessing workers' wellness. METHODS: The developmental process for the instrument included construction of a conceptual framework based on a wellness model, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, preliminary study, extraction of final items, and psychometric testing. Content validity was verified by 4 experts from occupational health nursing and wellness disciplines. The construct validity, convergent validity and discriminant validity were examined with confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability was examined with Cronbach's alpha. The participants were 494 workers from two workplaces. RESULTS: Eighteen items were selected for the final scale, and the results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of wellness with acceptable model fit, and factors named as physical . emotional . social . intellectual . occupational wellness. The convergent and discriminant validity were also supported. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .91. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the WIW is a valid and reliable instrument to comprehensively assess workers' wellness, and to provide basic directions for developing workplace wellness program.

Effectiveness of a Positive Psychology-based and Character Strengths-integrated Activity Program on Depression, Vitality, Life Satisfaction in Elderly Living Alone in Rural Areas

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a positive psychology-based and character strengths-integrated activity program for elders living alone in rural areas, and then to examine the effectiveness of the program. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre- and post-test design with a nonequivalent control group was used. The participants included 59 elders in total, of whom 30 were assigned to the experimental group and 29 to the control group. positive psychology-based and character strengths-integrated activity program for elders consists of sixty-minute sessions held twice per week during 6 weeks, hence 12 sessions in total. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in depression, vitality and life satisfaction (all p<.001). CONCLUSION: The positive psychology-based and character strengths-integrated activity program for elders living alone in rural areas is effective in that it decreased the degree of depression and increased the vitality and life satisfaction in the participants.

Relationships among Emotional Labor, Self Efficacy, and Burnout of Employees in Public Health Centers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this descriptive, cross-sectional study was to examine relationships among emotional labor, self-efficacy, and burnout of employees in public health centers. Factors that influence burnout of workers were also assessed. METHODS: One hundred sixty six workers in public health centers completed a pack of self-report questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA along with Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Employees in public health centers seemed to experience emotional labor to some extent. There were statistically significant differences in burnout depending on the age of workers. Employees' burnout had a positive relationship with emotional labor and a negative relationship with self-efficacy. Factors influencing burnout of employees in public health centers were emotional dissonance, surveillance & monitoring of organization, age, and self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Considering the findings from this study, health care providers need to develop effective interventions which increase the level of self-efficacy and decrease certain types of emotional labor for employees in public health centers and to help them effectively manage burnout.

Effect of Job Insecurity on Job related Depression and Anxiety: Large- and Small-sized Company Employees / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of job insecurity on job related depression and anxiety in large- and small-sized company employees. METHODS: Data of the third Korean Working Condition Survey in 2011 were used. Subjects were 2,050 large-sized company employees and 18,924 small-sized company workers. χ² test and multiple logistic regression using SAS 9.2 were conducted. RESULTS: Large- and small-sized company employees showed significant differences in terms of demographic, health-related, and job-related characteristics. From the bivariate analysis, gender, income, self-rated health, occupation, working hours per week, job-related stress, workplace violence, and job insecurity were significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in large-sized company employees. From the multivariate analysis, higher income (AOR: 0.22, 95%CI: 0.07~0.71), better health perception (AOR: 0.05, 95%CL: 0.01~0.18), 40 or more working hours per week (AOR: 0.20, 95%CI: 0.05~0.79) showed lower risk for job-related depression/anxiety. From the bivariate and multivariate analysis, better health perception (AOR: 0.32, 95%CI: 0.20~0.53), higher job-related stress (AOR: 2.57, 95%CI: 1.68~3.93, workplace violence experience (AOR: 4.26; 95%CI: 2.88~6.30), and job insecurity experience (AOR: 1.90, 95%CI: 1.18~3.05) were significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in small-sized company employees. CONCLUSION: Results of this study suggest that job insecurity experience was significantly related to job-related depression/anxiety in small-sized company employees but not in large-sized company employees. Therefore, small-sized company workers who have experienced feeling of job insecurity are vulnerable population in terms of job-related depression/anxiety.