Trichostatin A-modified vaccine provides superior protection against ovarian cancer formation and development

More attention has been paid to immunotherapy for ovarian cancer and the development of tumor vaccines. We developed a trichostatin A (TSA)-modified tumor vaccine with potent immunomodulating activities that can inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer in rats and stimulate immune cell response in vivo. TSA-treated Nutu-19 cells inactivated by X-ray radiation were used as a tumor vaccine in rat ovarian cancer models. Prophylactic and therapeutic experiments were performed with TSA-modified tumor vaccine in rats. Flow cytometry and ELISpot assays were conducted to assess immune response. Immune cell expression in the spleen and thymus were detected by immunohistochemical staining. GM-CSF, IL-7, IL-17, LIF, LIX, KC, MCP-1, MIP-2, M-CSF, IP-10/CXCL10, MIG/CXCL9, RANTES, IL-4, IFN-γ, and VEGF expressions were detected with Milliplex Map Magnetic Bead Panel immunoassay. TSA vaccination in therapeutic and prophylactic models could effectively stimulate innate immunity and boost the adaptive humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to inhibit the growth and tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer. This vaccine stimulated the thymus into reactivating status and enhanced infiltrating lymphocytes in tumor-bearing rats. The expression of key immunoregulatory factors were upregulated in the vaccine group. The intensities of infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and NK cells were significantly increased in the vaccine group compared to the control group (P<0.05). This protection was mainly dependent on the IFN-γ pathway and, to a much lesser extent, by the IL-4 pathway. The tumor cells only irradiated by X-ray as the control group still showed a slight immune effect, indicating that irradiated cells may also cause certain immune antigen exposure, but the efficacy was not as significant as that of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine. Our study revealed the potential application of the TSA-modified tumor vaccine as a novel tumor vaccine against tumor refractoriness and growth. These findings offer a better understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of the vaccine against latent tumorigenesis and progression. This tumor vaccine therapy may increase antigen exposure, synergistically activate the immune system, and ultimately improve remission rates. A vaccine strategy designed to induce effective tumor immune response is being considered for cancer immunotherapy.

Association of vitamin D deficiency with anxiety and depressive symptoms among middle school students in Shenzhen / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association of vitamin D deficiency with anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as their comorbidity, so as to provide references for improving the mental health of children and adolescents.@*Methods@#From October to December 2021, a total of 1 323 students from four middle schools in Shenzhen were selected by using convenience sampling method for a questionnaire survey and physical examination. Fasting blood samples were collected to detect vitamin D levels. The Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression model were used to analyze the association of vitamin D deficiency with anxiety and depressive symptoms and their comorbidity among middle school students.@*Results@#The detection rates of anxiety, depressive, and thier comorbidities in middle school students were 33.0%, 21.5% and 16.3%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, vitamin D deficiency was positively associated with the risk of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.59, 95%CI =1.02-2.46), depressive symptoms ( OR=1.94, 95%CI =1.22-3.09) and anxiety depressive comorbid symptoms ( OR=1.75, 95%CI =1.06-2.90) in secondary school students ( P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of anxiety, depressive and their co morbidity symptoms in middle school students, and the directionality of the association should be further studied.

The efficacy and safety of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors as monotherapy in the treatment of newly diagnosed patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) ibrutinib or zanubrutinib monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) . Methods: The efficacy and adverse effects of 58 patients with newly diagnosed WM receiving BTKi monotherapy in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were analyzed retrospectively from January 2018 to August 2022. Results: The response of 55 patients may be examined. Forty patients received ibrutinib monotherapy for a median of 15 months, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 85%, a main remission rate (MRR) of 70%, and a very good partial remission (VGPR) rate of 10%. Fifteen patients received zanubrutinib monotherapy for a median of 13 months, with an ORR of 93%, an MRR of 73%, and a VGPR rate of 0%. For various reasons, 10 patients were converted from ibrutinib to zanubrutinib. Ibrutinib treatment lasted an average of 7.5 months before conversion. The median duration of zanubrutinib therapy after conversion was 3.5 months. The ORRs before and after conversion were 90% and 100%, MRRs were 80% and 80%, and VGPR rates were 10% and 50%, respectively. After a median of 16 months, the 24-month progression-free survival (PFS) rate of patients who received both BTKi was 86%. PFS did not differ statistically across individuals with low, medium, and high-risk ISS scores (P=0.998). All of the patients survived. The most common side effects of BTKi were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, which occurred in 12% and 10% of all patients, respectively. Ibrutinib accounts for 5% of atrial fibrillation, and zanubrutinib has a 7% risk of bleeding. Conclusions: In treating WM, ibrutinib or zanubrutinib provides good efficacy and tolerable adverse effects.

Effects of extramedullary disease on patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To summarize the characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) admitted at Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. We compared the clinical characteristics and prognoses among patients with non-extramedullary disease (EMD), bone-related extramedullary (EM-B) disease, and extraosseous extramedullary (EM-E) disease and further explored the effects of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) for EMD. Methods: From January 2015 to January 2022, data of 114 patients (22%) with EMD out of 515 patients with NDMM were retrospectively analyzed; 91 (18%) and 23 (4%) patients comprised the EM-B and EM-E groups, respectively. The clinical characteristics of patients in all groups were compared with the Chi-square test. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent prognostic factors were determined using multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results: There were no significant differences in age, gender, ISS stage, light chain, creatinine clearance, cytogenetic risk, 17p deletion, ASCT, and induction regimens among the three groups. Overall, 13% of EM-E patients had IgD-type M protein, which was significantly higher than that in EM-B patients (P=0.021). The median PFS of patients in the non-EMD, EM-B, and EM-E groups was 27.4, 23.1, and 14.0 months; the median OS was not reached, 76.8 months, and 25.6 months, respectively. The PFS (vs non-EMD, P=0.004; vs EM-B, P=0.036) and OS (vs non-EMD, P<0.001; vs EM-B, P=0.002) were significantly worse in patients with EM-E, while those were not significantly different between patients with EM-B and those with non-EMD. In the multivariate analysis, EM-E was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with NDMM (HR=8.779, P<0.001) and negatively impacted PFS (HR=1.874, P=0.050). In those who did not undergo ASCT, patients with EM-B had significantly worse OS than those with non-EMD (median 76.8 months vs. not reached, P=0.029). However, no significant difference was observed in the PFS and OS of patients with EM-B and those with non-EMD who underwent ASCT. Conclusions: Compared to patients with either non-EMD or EM-B, those with EM-E had the worst prognosis. EM-E was an independent risk factor for OS in patients with NDMM. ASCT can overcome the poor prognosis of EM-B.

Q-marker prediction of resin ethanol extract of Gegen Qinlian Decoction based on characteristic spectrum and network pharmacology / 中国中药杂志

The resin ethanol extract of Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GGQLD) has been found to significantly alleviate the intestinal toxicity caused by Irinotecan, but further research is needed to establish its overall quality and clinical medication standards. This study aimed to establish an HPLC characteristic fingerprint of the resin ethanol extract of GGQLD, predicted the targets and signaling pathways of its pharmacological effects based on network pharmacology, identified core compounds with pharmacological relevance, and analyzed potential quality markers(Q-markers) of the resin eluate of GGQLD for relieving Irinotecan-induced toxicity. By considering the uniqueness, measurability, and traceability of Q-markers based on the "five principles" of Q-markers and combining them with network pharmacology techniques, the overall efficacy of the resin ethanol extract of GGQLD can be characterized. Preliminary predictions suggested that the four components of puerarin, berberine, baicalin, and baicalein might serve as potential Q-markers for the resin etha-nol extract of GGQLD. This study provides a basis and references for the quality control and clinical mechanism of the resin ethanol extract of GGQLD.

Noise exposure and its impact on health in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To learn about the noise exposure and health status of workers and analyze factors that may affect the health outcomes of workers in an auto manufacturing enterprise in Tianjin City. Methods: In September 2020, occupational hygiene survey, noise exposure level detection and occupational health examination data collection were carried out in an auto parts manufacturing enterprise. Chi square test and unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the health effects of noise exposure and hearing loss of 361 noise exposure workers. Results: The rates of over-standard noise exposure, hearing loss and hypertension were 69.39% (34/49) , 33.24% (120/361) and 11.36% (41/361) , respectively. There were upward trends on age and noise-working years for hearing loss and hypertension rates (χ(2)=-5.95, -6.16, -2.81, -2.74, P<0.05) . Unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that age>35 years old, noise exposure length of service >10 years and noise L(EX, 8 h)>85 dB (A) were risk factors for hearing loss (OR=3.57, 95%CI: 1.09, 11.75; OR=4.05, 95%CI: 1.97, 8.25; OR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.00, 3.05; P=0.036, 0.001, 0.047) . Conclusion: This company has a high rate of job noise exceeding the standard, and noise-exposed workers have more serious hearing loss. Age, noise exposure and high noise exposure are risk factors for hearing loss.

Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes for coronary heart disease with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women by Logistic regression combined with ROC curve model / 中国中药杂志

The present study explored the correlation of coronary heart disease(CHD) with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with artery elasticity and endothelial function indexes and evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of the prediction model via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve model. A retrospective comparison was made between 366 postmenopausal CHD patients from August 1, 2020, to September 30, 2021, in the Department of Cardiology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, who were divided into the blood stasis syndrome group(n=196) and the non-blood stasis syndrome group(n=170). General clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to probe the correlation of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity(baPWV), ankle-brachial index(ABI), and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD), and the ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the prediction model. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficients of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women with baPWV, ABI, and FMD were 1.123, 0.109, and 0.719, respectively(P=0.004, P=0.005, P<0.001),and the regression equation for predicting probability P was P=1/[1+e~(-(3.131+0.116×baPWV-2.217×ABI-0.330×FMD))]. ROC curve analysis suggested that in the context of baPWV≥19.19 m·s~(-1) or ABI≤1.22 or FMD≤9.7%, it was of great significance to predict the diagnosis of CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women. The AUC of baPWV, ABI, FMD, and prediction probability P was 0.763, 0.607, 0.705, and 0.836, respectively. The AUC of prediction probability P was higher than that of each index alone(P<0.001), and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.888 and 0.647, respectively. The results demonstrate that baPWV, ABI, and FMD are independently correlated with CHD with blood stasis syndrome in postmenopausal women, and show certain independent predictive abilities(P<0.05). The combined evaluation of the three possesses the best diagnostic efficiency.

Integrated smart hyperspectral imaging and CARS-based characteristic band selection for rapid determination of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix / 中国中药杂志

In order to realize the rapid and non-destructive detection of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, this paper first prepared the sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix samples with the usage amount of sulphur being 0, 2.5%, and 5% of the mass of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix pieces. The SO_2 content in different batches of sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix was determined using the method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, followed by the acquisition of their hyperspectral data within both visible-near infrared(435-1 042 nm) and short-wave infrared(898-1 751 nm) regions by hyperspectral imaging. Meanwhile, the first derivative, AUTO, multiplicative scatter correction, Savitzky-Golay(SG) smoothing, and standard normal variable transformation algorithms were used to pre-process the original hyperspectral data, which were then subjected to characteristic band extraction based on competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS) and the partial least square regression analysis for building a quantitative model of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix. It was found that the accuracy of the quantitative model built depending on the visible-near infrared spectra was high, with the determination coefficient of prediction set(R■) reaching 0.900 1. The established quantitative model has enabled the rapid and non-destructive detection of SO_2 content in sulphur-fumigated Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, which can serve as an effective supplement to the method described in Chinese Pharmacopeia.

Clinical observation on plastic splint treatment of middle clavicle fracture based on a new classification / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#According to 73 patients with middle clavicle fracture treated conservatively, a new classification of middle clavicle fracture was proposed, and the clinical effect of plastic splint in the treatment of middle clavicle fracture was observed.@*METHODS@#Total 73 patients with middle clavicle fracture treated with plastic splint from September 2018 to August 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were divided into 4 types according to the degree of fracture displacement. There were 16 cases of typeⅠ, including 7 males and 9 females, ranging in age from 18 to 37 years old, with a mean of (28.6±7.8) years old;12 cases of mild disease, 3 cases of moderate disease and 1 case of severe disease. There were 16 cases of type Ⅱ, including 6 males and 10 females, ranging in age from 25 to 49 years old, with a mean of (37.3±9.4) years old;5 cases of mild disease, 8 cases of moderate disease and 3 cases of severe disease. There were 7 cases of type Ⅲ, including 4 males and 3 females, ranging in age from 33 to 57 years old;2 cases of mild disease, 3 cases of moderate disease and 2 cases of severe disease. There were 34 cases of type Ⅳ, including 16 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 48 to 82 years old, with a mean of(66.4±14.9) years old;7 cases of mild disease, 17 cases of moderate disease and 10 cases of severe disease. All patients received plastic splint external fixation for 4 weeks. Visual analgue scale (VAS) and Constant-Murley shoulder scores before treatment and 1, 3 and 9 months after treatment were observed and recorded to evaluate the change of pain degree and shoulder function recovery before and after treatment. The patients' satisfaction with the appearance after treatment was recorded at the latest follow-up. The X-ray findings at the latest follow-up were used to judge whether the patient had fracture nonunion. And according to the fracture healing time and imaging findings, the excellent and good rate of clinical curative effect in patients with different types was obtained.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 9 to 11 months, with a mean of (9.8±0.7) months. The VAS scores of typeⅠ, typeⅡand type Ⅳ before treatment were 2.88±0.83, 3.67±0.80 and 6.92±1.71 respectively, which were decreased to 0.54±0.19, 0.77±0.25 and 1.18±0.17 respectively after 9 months of treatment. The Constant-Murley shoulder scores of typeⅠ, typeⅡand type Ⅳ were 65.81±2.09, 63.50±2.22 and 47.93±2.91 respectively before treatment, and increased to 88.56±2.11, 85.12±2.23 and 71.25±2.16 respectively after 9 months of treatment. Five patients were not satisfied with the appearance after treatment;6 patients had no obvious continuous callus passing through after 9 months of treatment, which was fracture nonunion.@*CONCLUSION@#The classification of middle clavicle fracture is more appropriate to the clinic, which has a certain clinical guiding significance for the selection of treatment methods and prognosis of middle clavicle fracture. Plastic splint is effective in the treatment of middle clavicle fracture without obvious displacement and overlapping displacement, and the incidence of complications is low. It can be popularized in clinic.

Analysis of flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim based on UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS / 药学学报

Ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-orbitrap-MS) was applied to analyze and identify flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides in the Tibetan herb Lagotis brevituba Maxim. A method of data-dependent scan coupling with dynamic exclusion was developed for analyzing flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides under positive and negative ion mode of electrospray ionization (ESI). The compounds of Lagotis brevituba Maxim. were systematically identified through exact molecular mass, fragmentation patterns, retention time and reported references. A total of 167 compounds were detected, of which 84 were flavonoids and 83 were phenylethanoid glycosides, which greatly enriched the number and types of flavonoids and phenylethanol glycosides in Lagotis genus medicinal plants. Baohuoside Ⅰ, 4 disaccharide O-glycoside flavonoids (composed of deoxyhexose and glucuronic acid), 9 C-glycoside flavonoids, 15 tetrasaccharide phenylethanoid glycosides and 5 phenylethanoid glycosides with substituents on the β-position of the phenylethyl group were identified in Lagotis genus medicinal plants for the first time. This study provides scientific support for elucidating the material basis and improving the quality control of Lagotis brevituba Maxim.

Study on the factors affecting the steady-state blood concentration of tacrolimus in patients with autoimmune diseases / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To investigate the effects of age, gender, duration of medication and combined medication on the steady-state blood concentration of tacrolimus in patients with autoimmune diseases, and to establish the reference range of steady-state blood concentration of tacrolimus in combination with liver and kidney function, so as to provide theoretical basis for clinical individual medication. METHODS: A total of 107 patients with autoimmune diseases treated with tacrolimus in the department of rheumatology and immunology of our hospital from August 2017 to June 2021 were included. Their gender, age, dose, drug combination, blood concentration, and liver and kidney function were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 statistical software. RESULTS: In the treatment of autoimmune diseases with tacrolimus, there was statistical significance in the blood concentration of different genders (P0.05) and a statistically significant difference in the dosage of tacrolimus (P<0.05), the duration of medication did not affect the effective dose, target blood concentration, liver and kidney functions. There was a weak correlation between tacrolimus dose and blood concentration (r=0.115, P=0.047). When the blood concentration of tacrolimus ranged from 4.20 to 9.48 ng/mL, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and urea increased significantly. When tacrolimus blood concentration ranged from 0.08 to 4.20 ng/mL, there was no significant difference in serum creatinine, AST, ALT, albumin, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL). CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus is used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and the blood concentration varies greatly among individuals. To avoid the risk of potential damage to liver and kidney function. It is recommended that clinicians control the blood concentration at 0.08-4.20 ng/mL, and adjust the dose and optimize the dose according to the patient's gender, age, and clinical efficacy.

Exploring the detection of MYD88 mutation in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia by different methods and specimens / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To improve the positivity rate and accuracy of MYD88 mutation detection in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) . Methods: MYD88 mutation status was retrospectively evaluated in 66 patients diagnosed with WM in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2017 to June 2021. The positivity rate and accuracy of the different methods and specimens for MYD88 mutation detection were analyzed. Results: MYD88 mutations were detected in 51 of 66 patients with WM, with an overall positivity rate of 77%. The positivity rate of the next-generation sequencing (NGS) or allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) was significantly higher than that of the first-generation Sanger sequencing (84% vs 71% vs 46%, P<0.05) . For the different specimens, the positivity rate for the lymph nodes or bone marrow was significantly higher than that of peripheral blood (79% vs 84% vs 52%, P<0.05) . The positivity rate of the MYD88 mutation in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood determined by NGS was 86%, 90%, and 67%, respectively. The positivity rate in the lymph nodes, bone marrow, and peripheral blood detected by AS-PCR was 78%, 81%, and 53%, respectively. Thirty-nine patients with WM underwent ≥ 2 MYD88 mutation detections. The final MYD88 mutational status for each patient was used as the standard to determine the accuracy of the different methods and in different specimens. The accuracy of MYD88 mutation detection in the lymph nodes (n=18) and bone marrow (n=13) by NGS was significantly higher than that in the peripheral blood (n=4) (100% vs 100% vs 75%, P<0.05) . There was no statistically significant difference in the accuracy of MYD88 mutation detection by AS-PCR in the lymph nodes (n=15) , bone marrow (n=11) , or peripheral blood (n=16) (93% vs 91% vs 88%, P>0.05) . Conclusions: In the detection of the MYD88 mutation in patients diagnosed with WM, NGS or AS-PCR is more sensitive than Sanger sequencing. Lymph nodes and bone marrow specimens are better than peripheral blood specimens.

Construction of a quantitative diagnosis model for predicting the nature of thyroid nodules based on multi-modality ultrasound images / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To construct a quantitatively diagnostic nomogram model by analyzing the clinical information of patients and the features of multi-modality ultrasound images of thyroid lesions, so as to preoperatively predict the malignant probability of suspicious thyroid nodules and provide effective references for clinical decision-making.Methods:A total of 933 patients, 1 121 thyroid nodules of C-TIRADS 3-5 categories, who underwent surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from September 1, 2020 to June 10, 2021 were collected. The nodules were randomly divided into training ( n=897) and test groups ( n=224) in 8∶2 ratio. Finally, the diagnostic performance was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC). Results:①After preliminary screening by univariate analysis, multivariate analysis showed that age, echogenicity, orientation, echogenic foci, margin, posterior features, and elastic score were significantly correlated with benign and malignant nodules (all P<0.001), and the difference of halo between benign and malignant nodules was also statistically significant ( P=0.012). ②The AUC of nomogram was up to 0.903(95% CI=0.862-0.944) in the test set, and 0.889(95% CI=0.832-0.946) and 0.960(95% CI=0.925-0.994) in nodules with maximum diameter of ≤10 mm and of >10 mm respectively, which showed high diagnostic performance. Conclusions:The nomogram model could accurately differentiate malignant from benign thyroid nodules preoperatively, with the highest diagnostic performance for the nodules with maximum diameter of >10 mm, and effectively avoid the unnecessary fine-needle biopsy and surgical operation.

Recent advances in surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique for pollutant detection in Chinese medicinal material / 中国中药杂志

Chinese medicinal material is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) industry. Its quality is not only closely related to the health of residents but also the key to the development of the TCM industry. Pesticide residues, heavy metals and mycotoxins are the major pollutants of Chinese medicinal materials. In recent years, quite a number of rapid detection methods for pollutants have been constructed. Among them, surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), which has been widely used in food chemistry, environmental analysis, and other fields because of its speediness and non-destructiveness, shows its great potential in the pollutant detection in Chinese medicinal material. This paper firstly reviews the application of SERS for the detection of common pollutants in Chinese medicinal material. We then discussed the characteristics and advantages of SERS technique for pesticide detection, including the principle, SERS substrate design, specific recognition, etc. Finally, simultaneous detection of multiple pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal material was explored.

HIF-1: structure, biology and natural modulators / 中国天然药物

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), as a main transcriptional regulator of metabolic adaptation to changes in the oxygen environment, participates in many physiological and pathological processes in the body, and is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. This review outlines the mechanisms of HIF-1 activation, its signaling pathways, natural inhibitors, and its roles in diseases. This article can provide new insights in the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases, and recent progress on the development of HIF-1 inhibitors.

Epidemiological characteristics of 107 pediatric partients with COVID-19 during the initial phase of the outbreak / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To describe the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in pediatric patients, and to provide data support and decision-making basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19.@*Methods@#Cases of children aged 0-17 years reported by provincial health commissions in Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces were collected to analyze their spatial, temporal, and demographic distribution.@*Results@#By 24:00 on February 6, 2020, a total of 107 pediatric patients had been reported in the four provinces, accounting for 3.8% (107/2 808) of the total cases reported in the four provinces during the same period. Anhui, Shandong, Zhejiang and Henan provinces had 25, 25, 28 and 29 cases, respectively. Cases ranged in age from 5 days after birth to 17 years, with a median age of 8 years. Boys accounted for 58.9%. Totally 38 cases had a history of sojourn in Wuhan or Hubei, 63 cases had a history of exposure to confirmed cases, and 6 cases with unknown exposure history. A group of 52 family clustering were found in 107 cases. All cases presented mild symptoms, no serious and no death.@*Conclusion@#Children were also susceptible to the COVID-19. Before February 2, the index pediatric cases were mainly the first generation cases, and after February 3, these pediatric cases were mainly the secondary-generation cases and those who had close contact with confirmed cases. The monitoring of children with secondgeneration cases and close contact with COVID-19 cases were valued.

Nagilactone E increases PD-L1 expression through activation of c-Jun in lung cancer cells / 中国天然药物

Nagilactone E (NLE), a natural product with anticancer activities, is isolated from Podocarpus nagi. In this study, we reported that NLE increased programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expressions at both protein and mRNA levels in human lung cancer cells, and enhanced its localization on the cell membrane. Mechanistically, NLE increased the phosphorylation and expression of c-Jun, and promoted the localization of c-Jun in the nucleus, while silencing of c-Jun by small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced NLE-induced PD-L1. Further study showed that NLE activated the c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), the upstream of c-Jun, and its inhibitor SP600125 reversed the NLE-increased PD-L1. Moreover, NLE-induced PD-L1 increased the binding intensity of PD-1 on the cell surface. In summary, NLE upregulates the expression of PD-L1 in lung cancer cells through the activation of JNK-c-Jun axis, which has the potential to combine with the PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapies in lung cancer.

Application and prospects of hyperspectral imaging and deep learning in traditional Chinese medicine in context of AI and industry 4.0 / 中国中药杂志

In the 21 st century, the rise of artificial intelligence(AI) marks the arrival of the intelligence era or the era of Industry 4.0. In addition to the rapid development of computer and electronic information science, machine learning, as the core intelligence of AI, provides a new methodology for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. The algorithms of machine learning include support vector machine(SVM), extreme learning machine(ELM), convolutional neural network(CNN), and recurrent neural network(RNN). The combination of machine learning algorithms and hyperspectral imaging analysis could be used for the identification of fake and inferior herbs, the origin of herbs and the content determination of bioactive ingredients in herbs, which has largely solved the difficulty in strictly controlling the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. The integration of high spectral imaging(HSI) and deep lear-ning will make the predicted results more reliable and suitable for analysis of great amounts of samples. This paper summarizes the application of hyperspectral imaging technology(HSI) and machine learning algorithms in the field of traditional Chinese medicine in recent years, focuses on the principles of hyperspectral imaging technology, preprocessing methods and deep learning algorithms, and gives the prospects of evolution of hyperspectral imaging technology in the field.

Design and application of 24-hour urine collecting device / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop a 24-hour urine collecting device to ensure the accuracy of 24-hour quantitative examination of urinary protein. Methods The device was composed of a barrel, a slot, a sealing bar, a thermometer, a top cover,a sample point,a handle,a holding slot,scale and stirring rod.24-hour urine was put into the barrel,and temperature was considered to determine whether the preservatives was added in to urine.Sampling was executed at the sample point,and the urine amount could be read out and recorded through the scale. Results The device facilitated to read out the urine amount and to ensure the effectiveness of the urine.Conclusion The device has easy operation,simple structure,low cost and high accuracy,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Simultaneous determination of indapamide, perindopril and perindoprilat in human plasma or whole blood by UPLC-MS/MS and its pharmacokinetic application / 药物分析学报

Simple and sensitive methods were developed for the determination of indapamide, perindopril and its active metabolite perindoprilat in human plasma or whole blood by hyphenated ultra-performance li-quid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Indapamide-d3, perindopril-d4 and perindo-prilat-d4 were used as the internal standards. The separation was performed on a Thermo BDS Hypersil C18column (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 2.4 μm) for indapamide and perindopril simultaneously following a protein precipitation pretreatment of the biosamples. The separation of perindoprilat was achieved in-dependently on a phenomenex PFP column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm). All the analytes were quantitated with positive electrospray ionization and multiple reactions monitoring mode. The assay exhibited a linear range of 1–250 ng/mL for indapamide, 0.4–100 ng/mL for perindopril and 0.2–20 ng/mL for peri-ndoprilat. The methods were fully validated to meet the requirements for bioassay in accuracy, precision, recovery, reproducibility, stabilities and matrix effects, and successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of perindopril tert-butylamine/indapamide compound tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers and the comparative pharmacokinetic study between plasma and whole blood.