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AIM: To investigate the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)differentiating into corneal epithelial cells in the simulated limbal stem cells(LSCs)microenvironment.METHODS: The hiPSC cell lines were established in vitro, and hiPSCs were co-cultured with corneal stromal cells in transwell system, which simulated the LSC microenvironment. Bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)and a specific transforming growth factor β inhibitor(SB431542)were added to improve the differentiation efficacy. The expression of corneal epithelial cell-specific markers CK3 and CK12, corneal epithelial cell precursor CK15, and the limbal stem cell markers ABCG5 were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry.RESULTS: The hiPSCs were actively proliferated in vitro, and immunofluorescence staining showed positive stem cell-specific markers OCT4, SOX2, TRA-1-60 and NANOG. Furthermore, hiPSCs co-cultured with corneal stromal cells exhibited LSCs markers ABCG5 and corneal epithelial cell precursor markers CK15 were positive; however, corneal epithelial cell markers CK3 and CK12 were negative. With the addition of BMP4 and SB431542, hiPSCs showed positive expression of CK3, and the CK3 expression increased over the time.CONCLUSION: With the addition of SB431542 and BMP4, hiPSCs cultured in simulated LSCs microenvironment could differentiate into corneal epithelial cells.
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ObjectiveTo retrospectively analyze the effect of modified Shugan Dingji Decoction （疏肝定悸汤） on the occurrence of endpoint events in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation of liver constraint and qi stagnation. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the electronic medical record database of Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine to screen and include patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation of liver constraint and qi stagnation from January 1st， 2018， to December 31th， 2021. The included patients were divided into an exposure group and a non-exposure group， each consisting of 100 cases， based on whether they received modified Shugan Dingji Decoction. General information of the patients including age， gender， body mass index， duration of illness and comorbidities， medication history， cardiac structure and function indicators such as left atrial diameter， left ventricular end-diastolic diameter， stroke volume and ejection fraction， and the occurrence of endpoint events assessed through 24-hour dynamic electrocardiography or electrocardiogram to determine the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were collected. Kaplan-Meier （K-M） curves and Log-Rank tests were used to conduct survival analysis on the occurrence of endpoint events in the two groups of patients. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to analyze the impact of various factors on entry into endpoint events. Additionally， a safety assessment was performed by comparing liver and kidney function indicators before and after treatment. ResultsIn the non-exposure group， a total of 49 cases （49.0%） experienced endpoint events， while in the exposure group， there were 26 cases （26.0%）. The Log-rank test indicated significant difference between the two groups （χ2=11.211， P=0.001）. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age， duration of illness， hypertension， diabetes， chronic heart failure， left atrial diameter， stroke volume， and the use of modified Shugan Dingji Decoction may be the influencing factors for the occurrence of endpoint events in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation of liver constraint and qi stagnation （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk of endpoint events in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the non-exposure group （P＜0.01）. Patients with a duration of illness ＞12 months had a significantly higher risk of endpoint events compared to those with a duration of illness ≤12 months （P＜0.01）. Patients without concomitant hypertension had a lower risk of endpoint events compared to those with hypertension （P＜0.05）. Patients with left atrial diameter ＞40 mm had significantly higher risk of endpoint events than those with left atrial diameter ≤40 mm （P＜0.01）. There was no statistically significant difference in liver and kidney function indicators between the two groups before and after treatment （P＞0.05）. ConclusionThe use of modified Shugan Dingji Decoction is a protective factor for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation of liver constraint and qi stagnation， which can help to reduce the recurrence and progression of atrial fibrillation. Long duration of illness， concomitant hypertension， and enlarged left atrial diameter are risk factors for patients to experience endpoint events.
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OBJECTIVE To construct the “school-enterprise-community” linkage community pharmaceutical care mode based on the WeChat mini program， upgrade the content and mode of community pharmaceutical care， and improve the quality of healthy life of the residents. METHODS Focusing on the pharmaceutical care needs of community residents， by integrating school， enterprise and community pharmaceutical resources， the WeChat mini program of “drug enjoying health” was created and the “online+offline” community pharmaceutical care mode was built. Using classified random sampling， mini program users were randomly selected as the observation group， and offline pair-assisted community residents as the control group. The intervention effects of the two groups were compared around the three aspects of medication health knowledge mastery， medication compliance and medication behavior. RESULTS The “drug enjoying health” mini program consisted of four modules：“ drug for health”，“ drug for warmth”，“ drug for safety”， and “personal information”. The “school-enterprise-community” linkage community pharmaceutical care mode based on the “drug enjoying health” mini program began to be applied in July 2022， with 6 185 users， 2 732 recovery records of expired drugs， 941 times of pharmaceutical care， and 3 354 consultation orders. After the intervention， the qualified rate of medication health knowledge mastery， complete compliance rate， and the correct rate of medication behavior in the observation group increased from 33.53% to 76.87%， 20.23% to 46.26%， and 49.71% to 89.80%， respectively； the proportion of the increase after the intervention was higher than that of the control group （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS This mode has effectively improved the quality of community pharmaceutical care， improves the health awareness of community residents in drug use， and promotes the standardization， rationalization and safety of residents’ drug use.
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Background Chronic excessive exposure to fluoride can cause damage to the central nervous system and a certain degree of learning and memory impairment. However, the associated mechanism is not yet clear and further exploration is needed. Objective Using 4D unlabelled quantitative proteomics techniques to explore differentially expressed proteins and their potential mechanisms of action in chronic excessive fluoride exposure induced brain injury. Methods Twenty-four SPF-grade adult SD rats, half male and half male, were selected and divided into a control group and a fluoride group by random number table method, with 12 rats in each group. Among them, the control group drank tap water (fluorine content<1 mg·L−1), the fluoride group drank sodium fluoride solution (fluorine content 10 mg·L−1), and both groups were fed with ordinary mouse feed (fluoride content<0.6 mg·kg−1). After 180 d of feeding, the SD rats were weighed, and then part of the brain tissue was sampled for pathological examination by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Nissl staining. The rest of the brain tissue was frozen and stored at −80 ℃. Three brain tissue samples from each group were randomly selected for proteomics detection. Differentially expressed proteins were screened and subcellular localization analysis was performed, followed by Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, cluster analysis, and protein-protein interaction analysis. Finally, Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins extracted from the brain tissue samples. Results After 180 d of feeding, the average weight of the rats in the fluoride group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The brain tissue stained with HE showed no significant morphological changes in the cerebral cortex of the fluoride treated rats, and neuron loss, irregular arrangement of neurons, eosinophilic changes, and cell body pyknosis were observed in the hippocampus. The Nissl staining results showed that the staining of neurons in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats exposed to fluoride decreased (Nissl bodies decreased). The proteomics results showed that a total of 6927 proteins were identified. After screening, 206 differentially expressed proteins were obtained between the control group and the fluoride group, including 96 up-regulated proteins and 110 down-regulated proteins. The differential proteins were mainly located in cytoplasm (30.6%), nucleus (27.2%), mitochondria (13.6%), plasma membrane (13.6%), and extracellular domain (11.7%). The GO analysis results showed that differentially expressed proteins mainly participated in biological processes such as iron ion transport, regulation of dopamine neuron differentiation, and negative regulation of respiratory burst in inflammatory response, exercised molecular functions such as ferrous binding, iron oxidase activity, and cytokine activity, and were located in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane, fixed components of the membrane, chloride channel complexes, and other cellular components. The KEGG significantly enriched pathways included biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments. The results of differential protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the highest connectivity was found in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (Gpi). The expression level of Gpi in the brain tissue of the rats in the fluoride group was lower than that in the control group by Western blotting (P<0.05). Conclusion Multiple differentially expressed proteins are present in the brain tissue of rats with chronic fluorosis, and their functions are related to biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, carbon metabolism, and microbial metabolism in diverse environments; Gpi may be involved in cerebral neurological damage caused by chronic overdose fluoride exposure.
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@#Objective To investigate the optimal administration combination of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ) in the establishment of SD rat aortic dissection (AD) model and the related complications. Methods Forty-two three-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: a group A (0.25% BAPN), a group B (0.40% BAPN), a group C (0.80% BAPN), a group D [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN], a group E [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN+ 1 μg/(kg·min) saline], a group F [1 g/(kg·d) BAPN+1 μg/(kg·min) Ang-Ⅱ] and a group G (control group). There were 6 rats in each group. The intervention period was 4 weeks (groups E and F were 4 weeks+5 days). Rats were dissected immediately if they died during the experiment. After the intervention, the surviving rats were sacrificed by pentobarbital sodium, and the whole aorta was separated and retained. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the changes of aorta from the pathological morphology. Results There was no statistical difference in the survival rate among the groups after 4 weeks of BAPN intervention (P>0.05). After 5 days of mini-osmotic pumps implantation, the survival rate of rats was higher in the group E than that in the group F (P=0.008), and the incidence of AD in the group E was lower than that in the group F (P=0.001). BAPN could affect the food and water intake of rats. After BAPN intervention for 4 weeks, the body weight of rats in the group G was higher than those in the intervention groups (P<0.05). BAPN combined with Ang-Ⅱ could make the aortic intima thick, elastic fiber breakage, arrangement disorder, and inflammatory cell infiltration in rats, which conformed to the pathological and morphological changes of AD. BAPN could also affect mental state and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The combination of BAPN [1 g/(kg·d)] and Ang-Ⅱ [1 μg/(kg·min)] can stably establish AD model in rats, which will provide a stable carrier for further study of the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of AD. However, the complications in this process are an unstable factor. How to balance the influence of BAPN on other tissues and organs in the process of AD model establishment remains to be further studied.
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ObjectiveBased on the integrated strategy of "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis"， this study aims to explore and analyze the prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， predict their efficacy， and obtain the core prescriptions for treating tremors in TCM， providing references for clinical application and new drug development. MethodThe Chinese Medicine Prescription Database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） were searched for relevant prescriptions and medical cases for treating tremors in TCM to establish a database of prescriptions for tremors. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance Computer System （V3.0） was used to analyze and explore the medication rules including drug frequency， properties， flavor， meridian tropism， and pharmacological effects， as well as core drugs and formula associations. A multi-target drug efficacy prediction platform based on network robustness was used to evaluate the predicted efficacy of the core prescriptions obtained. Based on the integration of ancient prescriptions， prestigious doctors' medical cases， and network analysis results， the priority level of the developed prescriptions was determined through comprehensive evaluation. ResultA total of 81 ancient prescriptions were screened， involving 246 drugs， and 171 prescriptions were screened from prestigious doctors' medical cases， involving 278 drugs. The frequently used TCM drugs were mostly warm in nature and sweet in flavor， mainly acting on the liver， spleen， and kidney meridians. In terms of efficacy， they were mainly effective in tonifying deficiency， soothing liver and extinguishing wind， activating blood and resolving blood stasis， clearing heat， and resolving exterior. Through association rules and K-means clustering， the core prescriptions were composed of high-frequency drugs such as Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Astragali Radix， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Poria， Gastrodiae Rhizoma， and Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis. Drug combinations mainly focused on tonifying Qi and nourishing blood， with the additional functions of calming wind and dredging collaterals. Clustering analysis of core prescriptions from ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases， as well as multi-target drug efficacy prediction， showed that Combination 1 had the highest disturbance score on the disease network. Furthermore， comparative analysis revealed consistent results with both the analysis of ancient prescriptions and prestigious doctors' medical cases， indicating its optimal development potential based on theoretical inheritance and empirical practice. In comparison， Combinations 3， 2， and 4 were less utilized in contemporary clinical practice， with lower rankings in network disturbance scores， suggesting that their development value still warranted further exploration. ConclusionTCM clinical treatment of tremors emphasizes the regulation of the liver， spleen， and kidney. In line of syndrome differentiation， drugs potent in soothing liver， extinguishing wind， activating blood， and resolving blood stasis are added based on deficiency-tonifying drugs. The core prescriptions based on Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Angelicae Sinensis Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Astragali Radix， Poria， and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma （combination 1） have the highest potential development value. The integrated strategy "empirical prescriptions in ancient books-medical cases by prestigious doctors-computational analysis" can be used for the screening of candidate prescriptions for new TCM drugs.
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Objective:To explore the effects of different polymers on in vitro biomimetic mineralization of small intestinal submucosa(SIS)scaffolds,and to evaluate the physicochemical properties and bio-compatibility of the SIS scaffolds.Methods:The SIS scaffolds prepared by freeze-drying method were im-mersed in simulated body fluid(SBF),mineralized liquid containing polyacrylic acid(PAA)and mine-ralized liquid containing PAA and polyaspartic acid(PASP).After two weeks in the mineralized solu-tion,the liquid was changed every other day.SBF@SIS,PAA@SIS,PAA/PASP@SIS scaffolds were ob-tained.The SIS scaffolds were used as control group to evaluate their physicochemical properties and bio-compatibility.We observed the bulk morphology of the scaffolds in each group,analyzed the microscopic morphology by environment scanning electron microscopy and determined the porosity and pore size.We also analyzed the surface elements by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),analyzed the struc-ture of functional groups by Flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),detected the water ab-sorption rate by using specific gravity method,and evaluated the compression strength by universal me-chanical testing machine.The pro-cell proliferation effect of each group of scaffolds were evaluated by CCK-8 cell proliferation method.Results:Under scanning electron microscopy,the scaffolds of each group showed a three-dimensional porous structure with suitable pore size and porosity,and crystal was observed in all the mineralized scaffolds of each group,in which the crystal deposition of PAA/PASP@SIS scaffolds was more regular.At the same time,the collagen fibers could be seen to thicken.EDX analysis showed that the characteristic peaks of Ca and P were found in the three groups of mineralized scaffolds,and the highest peaks were found in the PAA/PASP@SIS scaffolds.FTIR analysis proved that all the three groups of mineralized scaffolds were able to combine hydroxyapatite with SIS.All the scaf-folds had good hydrophilicity.The compressive strength of the mineralized scaffold in the three groups was higher than that in the control group,and the best compressive strength was found in PAA/PASP@SIS scaffold.The scaffolds of all the groups could effectively adsorb proteins,and PAA/PASP@SIS group had the best adsorption capacity.In the CCK-8 cell proliferation experiment,the PAA/PASP@SIS scaffold showed the best ability to promote cell proliferation with the largest number of living cells observed.Con-clusion:Compared with other mineralized scaffolds,PAA/PASP@SIS scaffolds prepared by mineralized solution containing both PAA and PASP have better physicochemical properties and biocompatibility and have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Objective:To establish and assess the precision of pre-surgical condyle position planning using mandibular movement trajectory data for orthognathic surgery.Methods:Skull data from large-field cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)and dental oral scan data were imported into IVSPlan 1.0.25 software for 3D reconstruction and fusion,creating 3D models of the maxilla and mandible.Trajectory da-ta of mandibular movement were collected using a mandibular motion recorder,and the data were inte-grated with the jaw models within the software.Subsequently,three-dimensional trajectories of the con-dyle were obtained through matrix transformations,rendering them visually accessible.A senior oral and maxillofacial surgeon with experience in both diagnosis and treatment of temporomandibular joint disease and orthognathic surgery selected the appropriate condyle position using the condyle movement trajectory interface.During surgical design,the mobile mandibular proximal segment was positioned accordingly.Routine orthognathic surgical planning was completed by determining the location of the mandibular distal segment,which was based on occlusal relationships with maxilla and facial aesthetics.A virtual mandible model was created by integrating data from the proximal and distal segment bone.Subsequently,a solid model was generated through rapid prototyping.The titanium plate was pre-shaped on the mandibular model,and the screw hole positions were determined to design a condylar positioning guide device.In accordance with the surgical plan,orthognathic surgery was performed,involving mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy(SSRO).The distal segment of the mandible was correctly aligned inter-maxillary,while the proximal bone segment was positioned using the condylar positioning guide device and the pre-shaped titanium plate.The accuracy of this procedure was assessed in a study involving 10 patients with skeletal class Ⅱ malocclusion.Preoperative condyle location planning and intraoperative po-sitioning were executed using the aforementioned techniques.CBCT data were collected both before the surgery and 2 weeks after the procedure,and the root mean square(RMS)distance between the preope-rative design position and the actual postoperative condyle position was analyzed.Results:The RMS of the condyle surface distance measured was(1.59±0.36)mm(95％CI:1.35-1.70 mm).This value was found to be significantly less than 2 mm threshold recommended by the expert consensus(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The mandibular trajectory may play a guiding role in determining the position of the mandibular proximal segment including the condyle in the orthognathic surgery.Through the use of a con-dylar positioning guide device and pre-shaped titanium plates,the condyle positioning can be personalized and customized with clinically acceptable accuracy.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between gene polymorphisms of coagulation factor Ⅻ(FⅫ)rs1801020 and resistin rs1862513 and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods A total of 189 patients diagnosed with URSA and 191 healthy postpartum women during the same period were selected from the obstetric clinic of Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022.The probe PCR was used to detect gene polymorphisms of rs1801020 and rs1862513 in peripheral blood,and the differences in genotype distribution between the groups were observed.Results The frequencies of geno-types and alleles for F Ⅻ rs1801020 in the URSA-A group were 4.9％(CC),35.7％(CT),59.5％(TT),22.7％(C),and 77.3％(T),respectively.In the control A group,the frequencies were 8.0％(CC),47.1％(CT),44.9％(TT),31.5％(C)and 68.5％(T).The frequencies of genotypes and alleles for resistin rs1862513 in the URSA-B group were 11.3％(CC),47.3％(CG),41.4％(GG),34.9％(C)and 65.1％(G).In the control B group,the frequencies were 10.2％(CC),34.1％(CG),55.7％(GG),27.3％(C)and 72.7％(G).There was no significant difference in genotype frequency of the two loci(P＞0.05),but there was a sig-nificant difference in allele frequency(P＜0.05).The distribution frequency of F Ⅻ rs1801020 T allele in the URSA group was higher than that in the control group(X2=6.32,OR=1.567,95％CI:1.100-2.238,P=0.012).The distribution frequency of resistin rs1862513 G allele in URSA group was lower than that in con-trol group(X2=4.96,OR=1.433,95％CI:1.050-1.969,P=0.026).The mutation of F Ⅻ rs1801020 C to T was a risk factor for the occurrence of URSA,while the mutation of rs1862513 C to G was a protective factor for the occurrence of URSA(P＜0.05).The combined genotype analysis showed that compared to the popu-lation carrying the rs1801020 CC+rs1862513 CC genotype combination,the population carrying the rs1801020 TT+rs1862513 CG genotype had a significantly higher risk of URSA(OR=5.684,95％CI:1.210-30.920,P=0.035).Conclusion FⅫ rs1801020 T allele may increase the risk of URSA and resistin rs1862513 G al-lele may the risk of URSA.People with rs1801020 TT+rs1862513 CG genotype combination is more likely to develop URSA than those with rs1801020 CC+rs1862513 CC genotype combination.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Qigui Tongluo Oral Liquid(a hospital preparation developed by Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and being composed of Astragali Radix,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Rubra,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Spatholobi Caulis,Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Pheretima,etc.)combined with moxibustion for the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)of qi deficiency and blood stasis type on the basis of qi-collateral theory.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in 60 CFS patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis type.The patients were divided into an observation group and a control group,with 30 patients in each group according to the therapy.The control group was treated with mild moxibustion on Shenque(CV8)point with moxa sticks,and the observation group was treated with Qigui Tongluo Oral Liquid on the basis of treatment for the control group.The course of treatment lasted for 4 weeks.The changes of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,Fatigue Scale-14(FS-14)scores,serum immunoglobulin IgA,IgM,IgG levels,and cortisol(COR)level in the two groups were observed before and after the treatment.After treatment,the clinical efficacy and safety of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)After 4 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 96.67%(29/30),and that of the control group was 80.00%(24/30).The intergroup comparison showed that the clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores and FS-14 scores of patients in the two groups were significantly decreased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the effect on decreasing TCM syndrome scores and FS-14 scores in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the serum IgA and IgG levels of the two groups as well as the serum IgM and COR levels of the observation group were significantly increased compared with those before treatment(P＜0.01),and the effect of the observation group on increasing serum IgA,IgM,IgG,and COR levels was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(4)During the treatment,there were no significant adverse reactions occurring in the two groups.Conclusion Healthy-qi deficiency and collateral obstruction contribute to the core pathogenesis of CFS.Based on the TCM qi-collateral theory and following the therapeutic principle of replenishing deficiency and unblocking collaterals,Qigui Tongluo Oral Liquid combined with moxibustion for the treatment of CFS patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis type can achieve certain efficacy.The combined therapy could significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms,improve the immunity level,and regulate the neuro-endocrine-immune(NEI)network of the patients.
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The incidence of postoperative multi-system complications,such as pulmonary complications and sep-sis,as well as mortality of patients with COVID-19.Therefore,patients with COVID-19 should be fully recovered before elective surgery and a minimum of 7 weeks recovery time is routinely recommen-ded.At the same time,the occurrence of adverse outcomes such as postoperative complications in patients with COVID-19 should be consid-ered in a multidimensional manner,taking into account the related risk factors such as age,severity of the dis-ease,type of surgery,anesthesia method,underlying comorbidities,type of viral strain,vaccination status and other related risk factors.
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Objective To investigate the role of homologous genes absent from the wings of drosophila melanogaster(Notch)signaling pathway in the imbalance of helper T cells 1(Th1)and helper T cells 2(Th2)and the intervention mechanism of Qizhi Zhoufei Granule in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Ten of seventy Wistar rats were selected as the blank control group,and the other rats were established by cigarette smoking combined(CS)with tracheal infusion of lipopolysaccharide(LPS).The COPD model was established by randomly selecting 3 rats in the control group and the model group to verify the success of the model.At the end of modeling,gavage administration was performed.The rats in the model group were randomly divided into model control group,positive control group(67.5 μg·kg-1)and Qizhi Zhoufei Granule high,medium and low treatment group(3.24,1.62,0.81 g·kg-1).Each group was treated with normal saline,dexamethasone acetate suspension and Qizhi Zhoufei Granule suspension at high,medium and low doses.The rats in the blank control group were given the same volume of normal saline as the model control group.After modeling with 28 days and treatment with 28 days,peak inspiratory flow(PIF)and peak expiratory flow(PEF)were detected by the animal lung function test system.Rats were killed to extract lungs,spleen,serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to evaluate the pathological changes of lung tissues.The level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in serum and BALF was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Flow cytometry was used to detect Th1/Th2 cells in spleen.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and western blot were used to detect Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 protein levels in lung tissues.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-Time PCR)was used to detect Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 gene expression levels in lung tissues.Result Compared with the blank control group,the lung function of the model control group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial structure destruction occurred in the lung tissue,TNF-α content in serum and BALF increased significantly(P<0.05),the percentage of spleen Th1 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the percentage of Th2 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05),the protein and mRNA expressions of Notch1,Hes1 and Hey1 in lung tissues were significantly increased(P<0.05),the differences were statistically significant;Compared with the model control group,the lung function of rats in each administration group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the pathological injury of lung tissue was alleviated,TNF-α content in serum and BALF decreased significantly(P<0.05),the percentage of spleen Th1 cells was significantly increased(P<0.05),the percentage of Th2 cells was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the lung tissue of Notch1,Hes1,Hey1 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased(P<0.05),the differences were statistically significant.Conclusion Qizhi Zhoufei Granule regulate Th1/Th2 balance by inhibiting Notch signaling pathway,thereby improving pulmonary function and pathological injury,and affecting immune function in COPD rats.
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With the advent of an aging society,Alzheimer's disease(AD)has gradually become a major ailment affecting the elderly.AD is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with cognitive impairments.In AD patients,brain network connections are disrupted,and their topological properties are also affected,leading to the disintegration of anatomical and functional connections.Anatomical connections can be tracked and evaluated using structural magnetic imaging(MRI)and diffusion tensor imaging(DTI),while functional connections are detected through functional MRI to assess their connectivity status.This review incorporates the findings of previous scholars and summarizes the current research of AD.It mainly discusses the imaging characteristics of large-scale brain network changes in AD patients,so as to provide researchers with scientific and objective imaging markers for AD prediction and early diagnosis,as well as future research.
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BACKGROUND:Near infrared responsive hydrogels,have a variety of excellent properties such as high spatial and temporal precision,remote tunability,and safety and non-invasiveness,providing a new direction of exploration for the development of tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the application progress of near infrared responsive hydrogels in the field of tissue engineering in recent years. METHODS:The literature search was performed on PubMed and CNKI databases.The keywords were"near infrared responsive hydrogels,tissue engineering,bone defect,bone repair,bone regeneration,wound healing,wound dressing,angiogenesis"in Chinese and English.The search time limit was from May 2006 to October 2022 and extended for some classical literature.The abstracts and contents of the retrieved literature were analyzed,and the relevant literature was obtained according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Finally,97 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Near infrared responsive materials are involved in tissue repair by controlling infection and reducing inflammation,promoting angiogenesis,osteoblast differentiation and new bone formation.(2)Near infrared responsive hydrogel can be prepared by constructing a thermosensitive hydrogel with a photothermal effect or by using a photochemical reaction.(3)Near infrared responsive hydrogels as wound dressings perform various functions such as rapid hemostasis,tissue adhesion through polymerization of polymer monomers,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects,and promotion of angiopoiesis and epithelial regeneration through the local photothermal effect of photothermal nanomaterials during soft tissue healing and regeneration.(4)Near infrared responsive hydrogels function during bone reconstruction and repair by promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells,stimulating the expression of heat shock proteins,and increasing angiogenesis.(5)Near infrared responsive hydrogels present a combination of multiple therapeutic strategies with significant synergistic therapeutic functions and are also being progressively developed for application in other tissue reconstruction and disease treatment scenarios.
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BACKGROUND:Interleukin-8 is an important cytokine that has been found to play an important role in bone regeneration through multiple pathways. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively review the action mechanism of interleukin-8 effects on bone regeneration to provide ideas for the following studies on interleukin-8. METHODS:By searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for articles published from January 1999 to February 2023 and PubMed database for articles published from January 1985 to February 2023 reporting the role of interleukin-8 in bone-associated cells and vascularisation.Chinese and English search terms were"interleukin-8,bone repair,bone metabolism,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts,vascularization".The initial review yielded 508 articles in English and Chinese,and a total of 51 articles were included for review and analysis according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:According to the existing research,interleukin-8 can promote bone cell regeneration and assist bone healing through multiple pathways,which is mainly divided into three aspects:(1)Promote the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells such as mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts,and promote the development of cells in the direction of promoting bone healing;(2)interleukin-8 can promote angiogenesis and provide sufficient nutrition and oxygen for bone tissue,thus further improving the quality and stability of bone healing.(3)The appearance of interleukin-8 facilitates the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,vascular endothelial growth factor,and matrix metalloproteinase,which can create a microenvironment conducive to bone regeneration,thus promoting the regeneration and repair of bone tissue.In summary,interleukin-8 plays an important role in bone healing by promoting osteoblast proliferation and differentiation,facilitating angiogenesis and improving the mechanical properties of bone regeneration,as well as influencing bone metabolism through osteoclasts,mesenchymal stem cells,and other action sites.
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Objective:To quantitatively analyze the plaque components of carotid artery through energy spectrum computed tomography angiography(CTA),and to measure the blood flow perfusion in the blood-supply area of carotid artery through CT perfusion(CTP),so as to explore the relationship among plaque component,the degree of luminal stenosis and cerebral blood flow perfusion.Methods:A total of 68 patients with unilateral plaques of carotid artery and severe vascular stenosis who were screened and diagnosed by ultrasound and CTA in Xiyuan Hospital from December 2017 to July 2019 were selected,and all patients underwent CTA examination and CTP examination.North American symptomatic carotid endarterectomy test(NASCET)method was used to measure the degree of carotid stenosis.The GE AW 4.7 post-process workstation was used to conduct analyses of energy spectrum and cerebral perfusion for the plaque component.And then,the slope of energy spectrum curve and the effective atomic number were obtained.At the same time,the cerebral blood volume(CBV),cerebral blood flow(CBF),time to peak(TTP)and mean transit time(MTT)of contrast agent in blood-supplying area of anterior cerebral artery(ACA)and middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion were measured.Results:A total of 68 measured plaques of 68 patients met the condition,including 44 vulnerable plaques(including lipid plaques and mixed plaques)and 24 stable plaques(fibrous plaques).The average slopes of the energy spectrum curves of vulnerable plaque and stable plaque were respectively 0.45±0.45 and 1.15±0.39,and the differences were significant(t=2.413,P<0.05).The averagely effective atomic numbers of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively 7.21±1.06 and 8.01±0.63,and the difference were significant(t=2.548,P<0.05).The average TTP values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(12.20±1.61)S and(13.59±2.79)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.607,P<0.05).The mean MTT values of the ACA at the side of lesion of vulnerable plaques and stable plaques were respectively(5.07±1.66)S and(6.09±2.19)S,and the difference was significant(t=-2.177,P<0.05).The degree of vascular stenosis at the side of lesion was positively correlated with TTP and MTT in blood-supplying area of middle cerebral artery(MCA)at the side of lesion(r=0.537,0.465,P<0.05),and that was negatively correlated with CBF values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=-0.281,-0.569,P<0.05),respectively.The slope of the energy spectrum curve of carotid plaque was positively correlated with the TTP values in blood-supplying areas of ACA and MCA at the side of lesion(r=0.242,0.246,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:CT spectral imaging can quantitatively analyze the displayed components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque,and the degree of vascular stenosis can affect the blood flow perfusion of cerebral tissue,and the delays of TTP and MTT are more easily caused by vulnerable plaque,and the TTP of them is more sensitivity.
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Objective To observe the effects and mechanism of Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment on immune function in 12C6+ beam bystander-effect rats.Methods Totally 60 Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,positive control group,and TCM low-,medium-,and high-dosage groups,with 10 rats in each group.TCM low-,medium-,and high-dosage groups were given 1.2,2.4,and 4.8 g/kg Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment for gavage,and the blank group,model group and positive control group were given equal dose of sodium chloride solution for gavage for 14 days.Positive control group received intraperitoneal injection of amifostine 30 minutes before modeling.On the 15th day,except the blank group,the other groups were given 4 Gy 12C6+ beam of single irradiation on the right lung.After irradiation,each group was given gavage for 3 days.The general condition of rats was observed,peripheral blood leukocyte(WBC),red blood cell(RBC),hemoglobin(Hb),platelet(PLT)levels were detected,ELISA was used to detect the contents of serum interleukin(IL)-4 and interferon-γ(IFN-γ),lung and spleen organ indices were calculated,HE staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of left lung and spleen tissues,and flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the spleen,qPCR was used to detect the expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in right lung and spleen tissues.Results Compared with the blank group,the model group rats showed a decrease in peripheral blood WBC,an increase in RBC,Hb,PLT,and an decrease in serum IL-4 and IFN-γ contents;the organ indices of left lung and spleen was significantly reduced,the alveoli were deformed,the alveolar walls became thicker,the alveolar cavities shrank,the lung tissue was significantly bleeding,the spleen tissue structure was severely damaged,the splenic sinus cavity became narrower,and the splenic cord showed fibrous hyperplasia;the proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in spleen tissue of the model group decreased,while the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes increased,the expression of T-bet mRNA in the left lung and spleen tissues decreased,while the expression of GATA-3 mRNA increased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,the positive control group and TCM medium-and high-dosage groups showed an increase in peripheral blood WBC,an decrease in RBC,Hb,PLT,an increase in serum IL-4 and IFN-γ contents;the index of left lung and spleen organs increased in TCM high-dosage group;the pathological damage of left lung and spleen tissues in each treatment group alleviated to varying degrees,while the proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in spleen tissue of the positive control group and TCM high-dosage group increased,the proportion of CD8+ T lymphocytes decreased,the expression of T-bet mRNA in left lung and spleen tissues increased,and the expression of GATA-3 mRNA decreased,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment can alleviate the lung and spleen injury of rats induced by 12C6+ beam radiation.Its mechanism is related to regulating the proportion of CD4+,CD8+ T lymphocytes and the expression of T-bet and GATA-3,and recovering cellular immune function.
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Objective:To explore the association between environment exposure and hormone-sensitive cough in patients with chronic cough.Methods:Clinical data of 197 patients with chronic cough visited outpatient clinic of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from June 2016 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 130 cases of corticosteroid responsive cough (CRC, 66.0%) and 67 cases of non-corticosteroid responsive cough (NCRC, 34.0%). The association between living environment exposure and hormone sensitivity was examined with a binary logistic regression analysis.Results:Among 197 patients with chronic cough, there were 82 males (41.6%) and 115 females (58.4%). 75.1% (148/197) had a history of smoking, and 16.8% (33/197) had a history of allergies. 66.0% (130/197) lived in the city center, 18.3% (36/197) had a chemical factory around their place of residence, 11.2% (22/197) renovated their homes within the first six months of the disease, 15.7% (31/197) purchase new furniture, 54.3% (107/197) plant flowers and plants in their houses, 21.3% (42/197) keep pets in their houses, 79.2% (156/197) had lived in their houses for more than 2 years, 71.1% (140/197) had cockroaches in their houses, 16.2% (32/197) had mold in their houses, 83.3% (164/197) had a frequency of air conditioning cleaning exceeds 2 months per time.There were 130 patients (66.0%) with CRC and 67 patients (34.0%) with NCRC.Binary logistic regression analysis showed that living close to the main road ( OR=2.296, 95% CI: 1.350-3.904, P=0.002), living near chemical factories ( OR=3.322, 95% CI: 2.158-5.573, P<0.001), history of allergy ( OR=2.175, 95% CI: 1.165-4.058, P=0.015), purchasing new furniture within 6 months ( OR=2.828, 95% CI: 1.402-5.706, P=0.004), cotton and linen curtains ( OR=1.875, 95% CI: 1.038-3.388, P=0.037) were positively correlated with CRC; while down and wool pillowcases and quilts ( OR=0.142, 95% CI: 0.033-0.602, P=0.008; OR=0.207, 95% CI: 0.067-0.640, P=0.006) and low ventilation frequency ( OR=0.281, 95% CI: 0.131-0.603, P=0.001) were negatively correlated with CRC. Conclusion:Hormone-sensitive cough patients account the most of chronic cough cases, and there are differences in the living environment exposure between CRC and NCRC patients, which provides information for corresponding interventions to prevent and manage CRC.
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[Objective]To explore the medication rule of TCM compound patent in the treatment of gout,and analyze the mechanism of action of the core herbs based on the national patent database.[Methods]The Chinese herbal compound patent database for gout treatment was retrieved and entered into the Website of China Patent Announcement of The State Intellectual Property Office.The characteristics of medications were analyzed by frequency statistics,Apriori algorithm,factor analysis and systematic clustering method.The Chinese herbs targets of the core herbs combinations were obtained through Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP),and the gout disease targets were obtained from Human Gene database(GeneCards)and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)database.The intersection of the two targets was imported into Cytoscape 3.9.1 software,and the Cluego plug-in was used to complete the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway enrichment analysis of the herb combinations.The intersection targets were imported into STRING database to obtain protein-protein interaction(PPI)network,and some key targets were selected for molecular docking with corresponding active compounds of Chinese herbs.[Results]A total of 508 Chinese herbal compound patents were included in the treatment of gout,involving 401 Chinese herbs,and the frequency of herbs was 6 082 times.Chinese herbs for diuresis-inducing and dampness-draining were mainly used,followed by herbs for tonifying deficiency,clearing heat,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.The analysis of association rules obtained 3 binomial association rules and 5 trinomial association rules.Eight common factors were extracted by factor analysis.Three groups of herbs combinations were obtained by systematic clustering analysis,and 56 common biological pathways of herbs combination enrichment were found.Molecular docking results showed that the combination of Quercetin and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)was the best,followed by Baicalein and interleukin-6(IL-6),and the combination of Quercetin and adenosine triphosphate binding cassette super family G member 2(ABCG2)was good.[Conclusion]The national patent prescriptions for gout treatment based on the core pathogenesis of"turbid dampness and blood stasis"are mainly from three aspects of dampness,blood stasis and deficiency.The core herbs combinations are often supplemented or subtracted based on Simiao Powder,Fuling Zexie Decoction and Siwu Decoction.Chinese herbs mainly exert their effects through multiple signaling pathways such as TNF,hypoxia inducible factor-1(HIF-1),Toll-like receptors(TLRs)and IL-17 and promote excretion of uric acid.
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Objective To investigate the pollution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Lhasa River and provide a scientific basis for the safety of drinking water for the regional population and the prevention and control of water environment pollution. Methods A total of five water samples were collected in the Lhasa River in July 2022. Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay, 19 types of ARGs, including eight “last-resort” ARGs (LARGs) were detected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS 22.0 software, and Student's t-test was used to compare data between two groups. Results All the 19 ARGs were detected with high frequencies, with the aminoglycoside resistance gene aadA having the highest concentration, followed by the sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 and the macrolide resistance gene ermB. Among the eight LARGs, the carbapenem resistance gene blaOXA-48 had the highest concentration. The absolute and relative concentrations of LARGs were lower than those of common ARGs. There was a statistically significant difference in the absolute concentrations between them, but no significant difference was observed in the relative concentrations. Conclusion Both “conventional” ARGs and LAGRs have been detected in the Lhasa River. Although they are at a relatively low level compared to other domestic waters, in view of the serious adverse effects that ARGs, especially LARGs, may cause, the pollution of ARGs in the Lhasa River should be taken seriously.