Anatomic research and clinical application of modified penile elongation: a report of 205 cases / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the application of penile cavernous bodies elongation combined with fat flap for the treatment of micro-penis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anatomic study was performed to study the thickness of penile suspension ligaments and the relationship between the penile erection stability and the mobilization of cavernous bodies crus. The suspension ligaments were divided and cavernous bodies crus were partially mobilized, so as to release part of the cavernous bodies from inferior ramus of pubis. Then the penis was elongated sufficiently. Local fat flap was transposed to fill the front space of pubis to make sure the effective elongation of penis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>205 cases of micro-penis were treated. The average length of the penis was 4.26 cm in the static state, 8.13 cm in erectile state before operation. After operation, it increased to 8.63 cm in the static state, 12.11 cm in erectile state.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The cavernous bodies can be elongated 1-2 cm more with the modified method, while the stability of penile erection is not affected.</p>

In-vitro differentiation of human testicular round spermatids to elongating spermatids / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differentiation of human testicular spermatogenic cells during in vitro culture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Testicular cells of obstructive azoospermic patients' testis biopsies were dispersed employing mechanic methods. Then, (1) mixed testicular cells were applied to in vitro culture, and changes of the ratio of elongating spermatids and all round cells were analyzed during mixed cell culture; (2) round spermatids were picked up from the mixed cells employing micromanipulator, followed by differentiation of the isolated round spermatids during microdrop culture.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ratio of the elongating spermatids increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 24 hours of mixed cell culture in HTF medium supplemented with FSH and testosterone. During single round spermatid culture, transformation of the round spermatid to elongating spermatid with newly formed flagellum was observed, and the transformation ratio within 48 hours of microdrop culture was 3.54%. The differentiation of human testicular spermatogenic cells cultured in Vero cell conditioned medium was similar to that cultured in HTF medium.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Human testicular round spermatids can differentiate to elongating spermatids during in vitro culture. Vero cell conditioned medium does not promote the differentiation of human testicular round spermatids to elongating spermatids.</p>

Applied anatomic investigation of phalloplasty / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anatomy of penis and its adjacent organ for phalloplasty.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Anatomic dissection of penis and perineum was performed on 30 adult male cadavers (60 sides). Observation and measurement were focused on the penile length of different parts, the morphological relationship of infundibular ligament and suspensory ligament with penile radix, and the feature of crus penis with relation to the deep penile artery.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average length of the penile shaft was 8.13 cm, the penile radix was 7.67 cm and the crus penis was 5.96 - 5.98 cm. The deep penile artery penetrated into the crus penis at its middle 1/3. The infundibular ligament attached to superficial fascia of the penis and extended downward to the scrotal septum to constitute the suspensory structure for both of them. The suspensory ligament attached to the dorsal deep fascia of the penis. Becoming thicker, the rear part of the suspensory ligament connected firmly to the pubic arcuate ligament to constitute a part of suspensory mechanism for the urethra. There was a part of cavernous body, which was free from either ligament or bony attachment, between the penile radix and the crus penis, where the dorsal artery and nerve of penis turned around from the ventral to the dorsal aspect of the penis and the penile dorsal vain penetrated the urogenital septum, draining into intrapelvic venous plexus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The divisional measurement of the penis length, the recognition of the suspensory ligaments and the anatomic feature of the crus penis with relation to the deep penile artery are all of significant importance to improve the operation of phalloplasty.</p>

Penile augmentation using acellular dermal matrix / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Penile enhancement was performed using acellular dermal matrix.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multiple layers of acellular dermal matrix were placed underneath the penile skin to enlarge its girth. Since March 2002, penile augmentation has been performed on 12 cases using acellular dermal matrix.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Postoperatively all the patients had a 1.3-3.1 cm (2.6 cm in average) increase in penile girth in a flaccid state. The penis had normal appearance and feeling without contour deformities. All patients gained sexual ability 3 months after the operation. One had a delayed wound healing due to tight dressing, which was repaired with a scrotal skin flap.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Penile enlargement by implantation of multiple layers of acellular dermal matrix was a safe and effective operation. This method can be performed in an outpatient ambulatory setting. The advantages of the acellular dermal matrix over the autogenous dermal fat grafts are elimination of donor site injury and scar and significant shortening of operation time.</p>

Effect of solution viscosity on polymer precorneal residence time evaluated by in vitro method / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate how solution viscosity affects the precorneal residence of five water-soluble polymers with different properties.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Captive bubble technique was used, with the consecutive change of contact angle interpreted as an indication of desorption process, to study the residence of those polymers in vitro on freshly enucleated rabbit eyes under physiological conditions.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Carbopol and sodium hyaluronate (HA), which adsorbed to isolated ocular surface more than 15 min, showed the optimum precorneal retentive capabilities. When the solution viscosity increased from 12 mPa.s to 50 mPa.s, the residence time of carbopol and HA were prolonged 10 min and 7 min, respectively, but that of sodium carboxymethylcellulose was not affected.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The result suggested that higher viscosity is beneficial to improve the ocular residence time of bio-adhesive polymers.</p>