Analysis of Common Types and Construction Elements of Diabetic Mouse Models / 实验动物与比较医学

Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by absolute or relative lack of insulin, which leads to hyperglycemia, and its high mobidity and complications have a great impact on the lives of patients. Animal models are widely used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes and its complications. Different types of diabetes, with different pathogenesis and pathognomonic features, have different treatment options. In animal experimental, in addition to considering the genetic factors and physiological characteristics of the animal (such as sex and age), it is also necessary to consider the experimental protocol and various response options, which have a great impact on the experimental data, the reproducibility and stability of the experimental results. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable animal models for experiments in the study of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by absolute insulin deficiency, and existing mouse models of type 1 diabetes include chemically (STZ-induced) induced and spontaneous diabetes model (NOD mice), etc. Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, is established in both obese and non-obese animal models, including diet-induced (high-fat diet induced), spontaneous diabetes (including monogenic and polygenic obese mice) models, and genetically modified mouse models. In this review, we discussed the common types of diabetic mouse models and analyzed the elements of their construction, the key factors that should be considered in the selection of diabetic mouse models, and explore the impact of these factors on the research of diabetes.

Construction of siNLRP3-loaded ultrasound response nanosystem and its therapeutic effect on diabetic cardiomyopathy / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the protective effect of siNLRP3-loaded nanosystem on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) via silencing NLRP3 under ultrasound-targeted microbubble blasting (UTMD). 【Methods】 After synthesis of polyethylene glycol polylysine block copolymer (mPEG-b-PLLys), siNLRP3-loaded hetero-assembled nanosystem system (siNLRP3-NBs) was constructed and characterized. Subsequently, a DCM rat model was established to investigate the protective effect of siNLRP3-NBS on the heart. Cardiac function of the rats was observed by small animal ultrasonography. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the degree of myocardial fibrosis change; the protein expression of NLRP3 and cell pyroptosis indexes were detected by Western blotting. 【Results】 1H NMR indicated that the structure of mPEG-b-PLLys was correct. The results of agarose electrophoresis showed that NBs could protect naked siNLRP3 from RNAase degradation, and the particle size and zeta potential of siNLRP3-NBs were (379.7±14.8) nm and (8.73±1.93) mV, respectively. The shape of NBs was almost spherical. siNLRP3-NBs combined with UTMD could enhance the protective effect on cardiac function and improve myocardial fibrosis in DCM rats. Protein expression indicated that UTMD could enhance the inhibitory effect of siNLRP3-NBS on cardiomyocyte pyroptosis. 【Conclusion】 UTMD-mediated ultrasonic response combined nanosystem can enhance the therapeutic effect of siNLRP3 on DCM, suggesting that ultrasonic response siNLRP3-loaded nanosystem is a potentially effective strategy for the treatment of heart disease.

The experimental research of the SD rats exposed to the high-temperature and high-humidity environment / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of extremely high temperature and high humidity exposure on the survival and blood biochemical indexes of SD rats and the to the major organs .Methods Twenty-six SD rats were divided into the normal tem-perature and humidity group and the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity group .The mortality of SD rats in extremely high-temperature and high humidity environment was observed ,and at the median lethal time ,the living rats were undergoing the tests of serum biochemical indicators and the pathological examination of the heart ,lung ,kidney ,brain ,muscles and intestinal tis-sues .Results The exposure to the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environment could lead to the death of SD rats , the median lethal time was 48 h .The serum creatinine(Scr) increased significantly(P<0 .05) ,and the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) decreased significantly (P<0 .05) when compared with the normal temperature and humidity group ,and there was no significant difference in other biochemical indicators .The inflammatory cell infiltration was ob-served in heart ,lung ,kidney and intestines ,and there were no obvious pathological changes in brain and muscle .Conclusion The exposure to the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environment has obvious lesion on SD rats ,it can lead to the abnor-mality of some biochemical indicators ,the inflammatory changes in heart ,lung ,kidney and intestines ,and even death .

A contrast study of the traumatic condition between the wounded in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>PURPOSE</b>5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake are of the similar magnitude, but the climate and geographic environment are totally different. Our team carried out medical rescue in both disasters, so we would like to compare the different traumatic conditions of the wounded in two earthquakes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of the wounded respectively in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake and 4.25 Nepal earthquake rescued by Chengdu Military General Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Then a contrast study between the wounded was conducted in terms of age, sex, injury mechanisms, traumatic conditions, complications and prognosis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three days after 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 465 cases of the wounded were hospitalized in Chengdu Military General Hospital, including 245 males (52.7%) and 220 females (47.3%) with the average age of (47.6±22.7) years. Our team carried out humanitarian relief in Katmandu after 4.25 Nepal earthquake. Three days after this disaster, 71 cases were treated in our field hospital, including 37 males (52.1%) and 34 females (47.9%) with the mean age of (44.8±22.9) years. There was no obvious difference in sex and mean age between two groups, but the age distribution was a little different: there were more wounded people at the age over 60 years in 4.25 Nepal earthquake (p<0.01) while more wounded people at the age between 21 and 60 years in 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake (p<0.05). The main cause of injury in both disasters was bruise by heavy drops but 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake had a higher rate of bruise injury and crush injury (p<0.05) while 4.25 Nepal earthquake had a higher rate of falling injury (p<0.01). Limb fracture was the most common injury type in both disasters. However, compared with 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake, 4.25 Nepal earthquake has a much higher incidence of limb fractures (p<0.01), lung infection (p<0.01) and malnutrition (p<0.05), but a lower incidence of thoracic injury (p<0.05) and multiple injury (p<0.05). The other complications and death rate showed no significant differences.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Major earthquakes of the similar magnitude can cause different injury mechanisms, traumatic conditions and complications in the wounded under different climate and geographic environment.When an earthquake occurs in a poor traffic area of high altitude and large temperature difference, early medical rescue, injury control and wounded evacuation as well as sufficient warmth retention and food supply are of vital significance.</p>

Experimental study on the change in serum thymidine kinase 1 in middle-aged and elderly people in high humidity area / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To investigate serum level of thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in middle-aged and elderly people in high humidity area,and explore the high risk age of cell abnormal proliferation and the cause.Methods Serum level of TK1 was measured with enhanced chemiluminescence in 128 cases aged 49-89 years living in the region with an average humidity of 83％.People were divided into control group (n =52,aged 49-59 years) and experimental group (n=76,aged 60 years and over).Results Serum TK1 level was lower in control group than in the experimental group [(1.3894±0.504) pmol/L vs.(1.6518±0.8685) pmol/L,t=2.159,P＜0.05].There was no significant difference in positive rate of TK1 between control and experimental groups (9.62 ％ vs.18.42％,x2 =1.894,P＞0.05).Experimental group was subgrouped into three age groups:aged 60-69 years,70 79 years and 80 89 years group.In the three age groups,serum TK1 levels were (1.7854 ±0.9736) pmol/L,(1.5345 ± 0.7039) pmol/L and (1.4420 ± 0.7354) pmol/L respectively.Compared with control group,serum TK1 level was increased in aged 60-69 years group (t=2.369,P ＜0.05),with no significant difference in serum TK1 level between control group and the other two age groups (all P＞0.05).Meanwhile,there was no significant difference in serum TK1 level among the three age groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusions Serum TK1 concentration is higher in elderly people than in middle-aged people,which shows that the abnormal cell proliferation is higher in elderly people than in middle-aged people.We should pay more attention to physical examination in the elderly people aged 60-69 years.

Differences of Helicobacter Pylori Infection between Residents in Different Humidity Environment / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the differences of H .pylori infection between residents in different humidity environment. Methods 137 persons from Sanjiang of Wenchuan and 320 persons from Chengdu were examined.Blood samples were ob-tained for serological analysis by dot immunochromatographic assay.Results The infection rate of H .pylori in Wenchuan of Sanjiang residents was 26.28%,and the Chengdu rate was 16.88% (P <0.025),with the significant difference among which,and removed the effection of nation constitution.Conclusion The differences of H .pylori infection rate between res-idents in different humidity environment were existent.High humidity environment maybe one of factors that lead to high H.pylori infection rate.

Differences of Nuc-mecA Gene Carriage in the Noses among Different Altitudes in High Humidity District / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the carriage of nuc-mecA gene among different altitudes in high humidity district,provid-ed guiding data for prevention of staphylococcus aureus and drug-resistant bacteria,standardizing the usage for antibiotics. Methods The nose swabs were collected in different altitudes:1 000 m,1 200 m and 1 400 m,nuc-mecAgene was confirmed by multi-channel real-time PCR.Results The carrier of nuc gene in the noses were 4.878%,2.899% and 7.143%,in 1 000 m,1 200 m and 1 400 m respectively,and there were no statistical significant among the altitudes (P>0.05).The carrier of mecA gene were 14.634%,31.884% and 41.837% in the 1 000 m,1 200 m and 1 400 m respectively,the difference showed statistical significe (P0.05).Conclusion The carrier of mecA gene in noses was increased with the increasing of the altitude. The residents who living at higher altitude should keep the colonization sites of pathogens clean,and needed timely medical when got sick,shouldn’t abuse the antibiotics without authorization.Medical staff should rational use of antibiotic drugs,a-voided overusing of antibiotics and overtreatment.

Analysis on Variations of Serum Pepsinogen in Different Altitude Population / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To compare the serum pepsinogen (PG)in different altitude population.Methods By testing serum PG of people from different altitudes,detected the concentration of serum PG.Results The serum PGI,serum PGII and PGR were respectively 136.89±22.64 μg/L,10.05 ± 5.14 μg/L and 13.07 ± 7.41 in 1 000 m group,and they were 30.87 ± 48.66 μg/L,11.55±2.78 μg/L and 12.89±4.76 in 1 300 m group.There were significant difference in PGI and PGII(P 0.05)between the two groups.The corresponding indices in 1500m group (126.64±29.84 μg/L, 12.18±5.99 μg/L and 12.2±14.84,respectively),the serum PGI was decreased obviously compared with those groups (P0.05).The serum PGI was negative correlated with higher altitudes,the ser-um PGII was positively correlated with higher altitudes.Conclusion The study found that the serum PGI content would re-duce with the increase of altitude,and on the contrary the serum PGII would rise with the increase of altitude.The main rea-son that the serum PG change may be influenced by oxygen partial pressure.

Experimentation research of serum thymidine kinase 1 in young and middle-aged people in high humidity and high altitude area / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the difference of serum thymidine kinase 1(TK1) levels of young and middle-aged people in high humidity and high altitude area .Methods Serum level of TK1 was measured with the enhanced chemiluminescence method in 128 native young and middle-aged people .Results Serum TK1 was (1 .784 2 ± 0 .127 9)pmol/L in the control group and (1 .385 0 ± 0 .078 5)pmol/L in the test group ,the difference between them had statistical significance (P<0 .01) .28 cases in the control group were TK1 positive with the positive rate of 30 .43% ,while 2 cases in the test group were TK1 positive with the posi-tive rate of 5 .56% ,the positive rates had statistical difference between the two groups (P<0 .01) .In the control group ,the TK1 level in females was higher than that in males ,the difference between them showed statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Detecting serum TK1 in the population of high humidity and high altitude areas has the active significance for guiding the physical examination and cancer prevention of different age groups under the special environment .

Clinical Study on Wuteng Ercao Decoction in Treating Active Rheumatoid Arthritis / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe the efficacy of Wuteng Ercao decoction in treating active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its effects on the levels of cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Methods Sixty-five patients with active RA were randomly divided into treatment group (33 cases) and control group (32 cases). Patients in the control group were administered with methotrexate tablets 10 mg, oral taking, once a week;hydroxychloroquine sulfate tablets 200 mg, oral taking, twice a day;diclofenac sodium sustained release tablets 75 mg, oral taking, twice a day. Patients in the treatment group were administered with Wuteng Ercao decoction additionally, oral taking, three times a day. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. The changes and untoward effects of various clinical and laboratory indicators were observed before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the tender joint count, swollen joint count, patient’s global assessment, and physician’s global assessment were improved (P0.05).Conclusion Wuteng Ercao decoction is effective in patients with active RA and it can reduce the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Investigation and analysis on carrying nuc-mec A gene situation in outpatient and inpatient departments / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the carrying situation of nuc-mec A gene for different departments in the inpatient depart-ment and outpatient department to provide the data for the hospital infection control and reaching the target for preventing nosoco-mial infection and improving the cure rate.Methods The research subjects were divided into 4 groups:osteoarthropathy and hemi-plegia rehabilitation department group(A,44 cases),comprehensive surgical and hematology-oncology department group(B,32 ca-ses),cardiopulmonary department group(C,17 cases)and outpatient department group(D,35 cases).The group A,B and C were the persons in the inpatient department and the group D were the persons in the outpatient department,aged 30-84 years old.Na-sal swab samples were collected and the nuc-mec A gene was detected by the multi-channel real-time PCR.Results No person in the group A,B and C carried nuc gene and 1 case(2.86%)in the group D carried nuc gene.There were no statistically significant differ-ence among 4 groups(P >0.05);the carriers of mecA gene in the group A,B,C and D were 26,17,13 and 10 cases,the carrying rates were 59.10%,53.10%,76.50% and 28.60% respectively,the difference showed statistical significance(P 0.05);the carrying rate of nuc-mec A gene showed statistically significant differences between the patients and the medical staff(P 0.05).Conclusion nuc-mec A gene generally exists in the inpatient de-partment and the carrying rate of nuc-mec A gene is relatively lower,which indicates that the inpatient department needs to pay at-tention to the prevention and treatment of pathogenic bacteria,especially the de-clonization in the hemiplegia rehabilitation and car-diopulmonary departments for avoiding cross-infection among different departments.

Some experience of field medical station equipment and materials management / 中国医疗器械杂志

The field medical station in military hospital plays an important role in the military logistic system. To better accomplish the duty of medical support mission, the problems of medical equipment and material store house management in the field medical station are discussed. Some targeted suggestions are introduced from daily management and the use of equipment respectively. It can be used as reference for other military hospitals to accomplish different medical support tasks.

Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy with Acupuncture plus Herbal Decoction: Clinical Observation of 40 Cases / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

The clinical effect on treatment of diabetic retinopathy with acupuncture plus herbal decoction has been observed. Eighty cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by the odd and even serial numbers. Forty cases in the treatment group were treated with needling Taiyang (Ex-HN 5), Yangbai (GB 14) toward Yuyao (Ex-HN 4) and Cuanzhu (BL 2) plus the herbal decoction called Mingmu Wuzi Decoction. Forty cases in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of Venorutin and oral administration of dipyridamole and vitamin E. And the result showed the total effective rate of 92.5% in the treatment group and that of 55.0% in the control group with significant difference (P＜0.01), which suggested that acupuncture plus herbal decoction had better therapeutic effect than western medications alone.

Clinical Observation on the Effect of Wentang Granule for Impaired Glucose Tolerance——A Report of 48 Cases / 中医杂志

Objective To study the effect of Wentang Granule(Granule for Stabilizing Glucose) on impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) of type Ⅱ diabetes.Methods Totally 150 patients with diagnosis of IGT were randomly divided into 3 groups:education group,observation group,and control group,with 50 cases in each.They were treated with guidance on life style,Wentang Granule,and Acarbose respectively and observed for 2 years.The observed indexes included fasting blood glucose(FBG),serum lipid,body mass index(BMI),waist hip ratio(WHR),changes of TCM symptoms and scores.The therapeutic effect was evaluated with the changes of glucose tolerance.Results After treatment,the conversion rate of normal glucose tolerance and diabetes of the observation group and control groups was significantly different from that of the education group(P