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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PEG-rhG-CSF therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of chemo-therapy-induced neutropenia . Methods: This single-center, one-arm, and open-label clinical study involved 217 patients with non-my-eloid malignant tumors. These patients included 18 gynecologic oncology (3 endometrial and 15 ovarian cancer), 50 breast cancer, 30 bone tumor, and 119 lymphoma patients who underwent a total of 774 cycles of chemotherapy, comprising 146 primary and 71 sec-ondary prevention patients. The patients ≥45 kg and those <45 kg received a single subcutaneous injection of 6 mg and 3 mg PEG-rhG-CSF, respectively, 24-48 h after the chemotherapy was completed. All patients received only one dose of PEG-rhG-CSF admin-istration per chemotherapy cycle. Results: The overall incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN) was found to be 5.7%, with rates of 4.9% and 7.2% in the primary and secondary prevention groups, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses re-vealed that the longer PEG-rhG-CSF was sustained in the treatment cycle, the lower the incidence of FN was. The incidence of FN was significantly lower in the second cycle of the treatment than in the first in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (cycle 1 vs. cycle 2: 11.6% vs. 4.4%, respectively, P=0.039, in the primary group; 16.9% vs. 5.6%, respectively, P=0.034, in the secondary group). The overall incidence of gradeⅣneutropenia was 10.3% (80/774), with rates of 6.7% (34/510) and 17.4% (46/264) in the primary and secondary prevention groups, respectively (P<0.001). The incidence of gradeⅣneutropenia was significantly lower in the second cy-cle of the treatment than in the first (cycle 1 vs. cycle 2: 17.1% vs. 5.3%, respectively, P=0.004, in the primary group; 46.5% vs. 11.3%, respectively, P<0.001, in the secondary group). The treatment-induced toxicity mainly involved bone pain, with 3.7% (8/217) and 1.8% (4/217) incidence rates for grade 1-2 and 3-4 bone pain, respectively. Conclusions: PEG-rhG-CSF administration can effectively reduce the incidence of FN (5.7%) when prophylactically applied to patients with non-myeloid malignant tumors. Primary prevention can sig- nificantly reduce the risk of grade IV neutropenia in all chemotherapy cycles relative to the secondary prevention.
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Objective To investigate the effect of the Notch signaling pathway on the proliferation and invasion of human SW982 synovial sarcoma cells. Methods SW982 cells and normal human synovial cells were routinely cultured, and the expression of proteins related to the Notch pathway was compared. The Notch signaling pathway was manipulated by NICD1 overexpression, CFB1 shRNA lentivirus, and the γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT. CCK-8 and wound healing assays were carried out to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in SW982 cells. Results The Notch signaling pathway clearly showed higher activity in human SW982 synovial sarcoma cells than in normal human synovial cells (P ＜ 0.05). The proliferation and invasion of SW982 cells were significantly upregulated by overexpressing NICD1; however, were suppressed by downregulating the Notch signaling pathway using CFB1 shRNA or DAPT (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that the proliferation and invasion of human SW982 synovial sarcoma cells are dependent on Notch signaling pathway activity.
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Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib hydrochloride capsules for the treatment of advanced soft tissue sarcoma based on the data from Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor, Peking University Cancer Hospital&Institute. Methods: Patients were randomized allocated at 2:1 ratio for the anlotinib treatment and placebo group. The treatment group received 12 mg/day of anlotinib for 14 consecutive days in a 21-day cycle. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary end-points were disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), and adverse event rate. Results: A total of 46 patients were enrolled in this study; 7 of them were excluded from per protocol set (PPS). Among the remaining 39 patients, 28 were included in the anlotinib group and 11 in the placebo group. In the anlotinib group, 4 patients had partial remission and 13 had stable disease (SD), whereas in the placebo group, 3 patients had SD. The difference in DCR between the 2 groups was statistically significant (60.7% vs . 27.3%, P=0.082). The DCR of the advanced soft tissue sarcoma in the anlotinib group was 78.6% (11/14). The median PFS in the anlotinib group was 12.4 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.6 to 17.2) months, which was significantly longer than 4 months in the placebo group (95% CI: 1.7 to 6.3 months, P=0.043); however, the difference in OS between the 2 groups was not significant (19.4 vs . 17.6 months, P=0.961). Regarding the safety, 2 patients had severe adverse events (7.14%) possibly related with treatment in the anlotinib group; one of them had pneumothorax. The other adverse events were grade 1 to 2. Conclusions: Soft tissue sarcoma is highly responsive to anlotinib, with prolonged PFS. Anlotinib is well tolerated and can be used as a treatment option for advanced soft tissue sarcoma.
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Objective To investigate the role of Notch signaling pathway to maintain the stem cell-like characteristics of osteosarcoma and its underlying mechanism.Methods Lentiviral NICD1 or Numb-shRNA was transduced into MG63 osteosarcoma cells to activate Notch activity in vitro.The impact of Notch on osteosarcoma stem cells were assessed by the tumor sphere formation assay and flow cytometry analysis of cell surface markers STRO-1/CD117.The expression of stem cell related genes (Sox2,Oct4) were evaluated by Western blot and qPCR.The nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:the NICD1 overexpression (NICD-OE) group,the DAPT group and the control (CON) group.The tumor growth was monitored for 8 weeks and the tumor volume and weight were recorded weekly.To investigate whether Notch regulates Eph pathway,Eph pathway related protein EphB,pEphB was measured by Western blot.The impact of ephrinB 1 on NICD overexpression cell were assessed by tumor sphere formation assay.The expression of Sox2 and Oct4 was evaluated by Western blot.Results NICD1 overexpression or Numb-shRNA increased the activity of Notch pathway.The Notch-activated osteosarcoma showed enhanced in vitro tumor spheroid formation capacity,increased Stro-1/CD117double positive ratio,and upregulated expression of Sox2 and Oct4 in vitro.In animal experiments,it was found that activation of Notch pathway promoted tumor formation in vivo and Notch inhibition decreased it.The primary osteosarcoma cells were obtained from mice xenograft treated with DAPT and its tumor sphere formation capacity was significantly reduced.Finally,The Notch pathway inhibits the phosphorylation of EphB,as well as the downstream signal pathway of EphB,but there is no significant change in total EphB.The activation of Eph pathway inhibited Notch induced up-regulation of tumor sphere formation and Sox2 and Oct4 expression.Conclusion Notch signaling pathway maintains the stem cell-like characteristics of osteosarcoma probably by inhibiting the Eph pathway.
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Sarcomas are tumors of mesenchymal origin that account for approximately 1%of human cancers. There are at least 60 dif-ferent subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). However, most tumor types are highly malignant tumors that lack an optimal therapeutic agent. Although gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) responds well to imatinib, other types of STSs remain challenging because of their heterogeneous genetic and clinical features and poor prognosis. In recent years, the field of molecular targeted therapy has pro-gressed rapidly. Patients with advanced disease can receive individualized treatment to improve their quality of life. This review focus-es on the targeted therapies that have been evaluated for advanced non-GIST STS. Other promising novel therapeutic agents that are currently in the early phases of investigation are also presented.
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Objective:To explore the outcome of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) on patients with soft tissue metastasis. Methods:We ana-lyzed 25 STS patients with soft tissue metastasis primarily localized on extremity and trunk. The study was conducted from June 2010 to June 2016 by retrospective analysis of the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patients. The assessed endpoints were overall survival. Results:Six patients (24%) had synchronous soft tissue metastasis, and 19 patients (76%) had metachronous metasta-sis. The average time for primary tumor recession of metastatic lesions was 45.3 months. Metastases were most common in parts of the trunk in 18 patients (72%), followed by the head and neck in 5 patients (20%). Eleven patients (44%) with lung metastasis had poor prognosis. Conclusion:STS occurred more rarely in soft tissue metastasis than in pulmonary metastasis. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical treatment were the major therapies employed. Targeted therapy as a new treatment rendered good results.
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Objective@#To analyze the incidence trends and to describe the characteristics of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) among residents in Beijing from 1999 to 2013.@*Methods@#Medical information of the cases diagnosed as STS(ICD10: C47&C49) from 1999 to 2013 in Beijing was extracted from the population-based database of Beijing Cancer Registry.Crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rates to Chinese population (ASRC)and the world population(ASRW) were calculated. The characteristics of the STS cases in different gender and age groups from urban and rural areas were respectively analyzed.The incidence trends and annual percentage changes (APC) during last 15 years were analyzed by using JoinPoint 3.4.3 software.@*Results@#A total of 2 048 cases were diagnosed as STS during the study period and the incidence rate of STS was 1.15 per 100 000 person-years. The ASRC was 0.74 per 100 000 person-years and ASRW was 0.86 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Except for the impact of changes in the age composition, the APC of ASRW from 1999 to 2013 was 3.95%. For males, the incidence rate was increased from 0.65 per 100 000 in 1999 to 1.51 per 100 000 in 2013, and the APC was 4.27% (P<0.05); For females, the incidence rate was increased from 0.61 per 100 000 in 1999 to 0.91 per 100 000 in 2013, and the APC was 3.38% (P<0.05). In urban area, the incidence rate increased from 1.14 per 100 000 in 2000 to 1.35 per 100 000 in 2013, and the APC was 2.70% (P=0.05); In rural area, the incidence rate increased from 0.57 per 100 000 in 2000 to 0.98 per 100 000 in 2013, and the APC was 4.66% (P=0.04). 85.89%cases were pathologically diagnosed.Among them, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was the most common subtype, which accounting for 19.22%, followed by liposarcoma (19.04%), malignantnerve sheath tumor (10.18%), fibrosarcoma (10.06%)and sarcoma without definite type(7.22%).@*Conclusions@#The incidence rate of STS is still increasing, especially in the rural area of Beijing. The most common subtypes of STS in different age-groups were different. Further study is needed to explore the high risks of STS in the population with specific characteristics.
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Objective:Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to chemotherapy. Our study aimed to investigate the stem cell-like proper-ties of doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cell line 143B and its correlation with Notch signaling. Methods:We generated doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells by treating them with 2μm doxorubicin. Stem cell-like properties such as morphology change, Stro-1/CD117 double positive ratio, stem cell-related gene expression, sphere formation efficiency, and EMT character were assessed on day 5 after doxorubicin withdrawal. Notch receptor and its target genes were examined using qPCR and Western blot analysis. The stem cell-like properties of doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells were assessed when pretreated with Notch inhibitor or vehicle. The an-ti-tumor effect of Notch inhibitor was tested using a xenograft model. Results:Doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma cells were enriched in Stro-1+/CD117+cells, which showed obvious increased expression of stem cell-related genes, and exhibited enhanced spheroid for-mation and evident mesenchymal characteristics unlike doxorubicin-sensitive cells. qPCR and Western blot assays showed that Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1) and target genes Hes1 and Hey1 were upregulated in doxorubicin-resistant osteosarcoma stem cells compared with those in vehicle cells. Furthermore, pretreatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) to prevent Notch signaling en-hanced chemo-sensitivity and inhibited doxorubicin-enriched osteosarcoma stem cell activity in vitro. Finally, the Notch inhibitor pre-vented tumor growth in mice xenograft models. Conclusion: Doxorubicin induced the enrichment of osteosarcoma stem-like cells through Notch signaling, and inactivation of Notch could be useful for overcoming drug resistance and eliminating osteosarcoma.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To characterize the clinical features of desmoid tumor, assess the efficacy of conservative chemotherapy for inoperable desmoid tumor and analyze the prognostic factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From August 2009 to December 2013, 52 patients with inoperable desmoid tumor were treated in our department and received chemotherapy with vinorelbine combined with low-dose methotrexate. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patients studied included 22 male and 30 female patients with the age of disease onset ranging from 2 to 46 years (mean 18.7 years). The lesions occurred most frequently in the lower limbs (36.5%, 19/52) and the tumor size ranged from 2.7 to 37 cm (mean 9.5 cm). The patients were followed up for a median of 29 months (7 to 64 months). The chemotherapy lasted for 4 to 30 months (median 12 months). After completion of the chemotherapy, 1 patient had a complete response (CR), 18 showed partial responses (PR), 27 cases had stable disease (SD), and 6 had progressive disease (PD), with an overall response rate (ORR) of 88.5%. The progression-free survival (PFS) time of the patients ranged from 4 to 63 months (median 26.5 months) with a 2-year PFS rate of 76.7% and 5-year PFS rate of 41.9%. A longer chemotherapy duration (over 12 months) was associated with a more favorable prognosis. No significant differences in PFS were found between the patients stratified by gender, age of disease onset, age when receiving chemotherapy, tumor site, or tumor size.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For recurrent, inoperable and progressive desmoid tumor, long enough cycles of vinorelbine combined with low-dose methotrexate can be an effective and safe option for tumor control.</p>
Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Adulte , Enfant , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Femelle , Humains , Mâle , Adulte d'âge moyen , Jeune adulte , Protocoles de polychimiothérapie antinéoplasique , Survie sans rechute , Fibromatose agressive , Traitement médicamenteux , Méthotrexate , Utilisations thérapeutiques , Pronostic , Études rétrospectives , Vinblastine , Utilisations thérapeutiquesRÉSUMÉ
Objective:To analyze the clinical prognostic factors of liposarcoma on the extremities and trunk, as well as to retrospectively analyze the effect of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy on liposarcoma of the extremities. Methods:Patients with liposarcoma of the extremities treated in our hospital from July 1, 2007 to December 31, 2012 were followed up. The relationship of clinical prognostic factors with gender, age, location, depth, and size of the tumors, as well as the histological grade and admission status, were statistically analyzed. The effects of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS) were evaluated. Results:A total of 82 patients with extremity liposarcoma received surgery-based comprehensive treatment in our hospital. Of the total patients, 73 received a 24-month to 88-month satisfied follow-up;the median follow-up time was 47 months. The OS rate was 83.6%(61/73), and the DFS rate was 68.5%(50/73). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the tumor location, histological grade, and admission status were the independent correlative factors influencing DFS, and the age and pathologic grading were the independent correlative factors influencing the OS. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that radiation therapy can significantly improve the DFS and OS of the G2 and G3-grade liposarcoma (DFS:59.1 months vs. 28.4 months, P<0.01;OS:70.8 months vs. 55.1 months, P<0.05). Significant difference was not found in the effect of chemotherapy on OS and DFS. Conclusion:The prognosis of liposarcoma was significantly associated with the pathologic grades and subtypes. Auxiliary radiotherapy could improve the survival and prognosis of G2 and G3 liposarcoma of the extremities, but the role of chemotherapy in treating liposarcoma remained unclear.
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BACKGROUND:Autologous bone graft is the best method to repair bone defects after tumor curettage, but its shortcomings are as folows: increased surgical trauma, sequelae at bone graft site such as infection and pain, and a limited amount of autologous bone. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effectiveness of xenograft and calcium sulphate artificial bone in treating bone defects after benign bone tumor removed. METHODS:Totaly 26 cases of benign bone tumor were selected, including 8 cases of giant celltumor, 5 of enchondroma, 4 of fibrous histiocytoma, 3 of bone fibrous dysplasia, 2 of non-ossifying fibroma, 2 cases of bone cysts, 1 of aneurysmal bone cyst and 1 of aneurysmal bone cyst and 1 case of chondroblastoma. Of the 26 cases, 12 cases underwent calcium sulphate pelets alone to fil bone defects after benign bone tumor removed, 6 cases were subjected to xenograft alone, and 8 cases were treated with calcium sulphate pelets combined with xenograft. The X-rays were taken at 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after the operation in al patients to assess the bone healing process. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the patients were folowed up for 36-72 months. The absorption of calcium sulphate appeared to be absorbed earlier, the earlier absorption appearance could be observed as earlier as 1 month after the implantation, and most calcium sulphate was absolved and replaced by new bone at 3 months after the operation. The xenograft bone was degraded at 3 months post implantation and new bone formed. Osseo integration of the graft was observed at the periphery of the implant at 6 months post implantation. One year post implantation, trabecular bone was observed at the site with uniform bone density. In the combined group, thecalcium sulphate pelets were absorbed earlier and new bone formed earlier than the calcium sulphate alone group, and the xenograft absorbed later than the calcium sulphate pelets. Generaly, bony union was detectable 1 year after operation. These findings indicate that xenograft and calcium sulphate in treating benign bone tumor have acquired good results, which can be used as a substitute of autologous bone.
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Objective:To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) marked by 99Tcm-IT-Ritux-imab and to discuss the clinical value of the method in diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous melanoma. Methods:A total of 67 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma received 99Tcm-IT-Rituximab-tagged SLNB from March 2008 to March 2012. Lymphoscintigra-phy was conducted 30 min to 1 h after intra-dermal injection of 99Tcm-IT-Rituximab. Subsequently, the surgery of SLNB was carried out using gamma probe. The detection and positive rates of SLNB were counted. The relationship between the status and the clinical features of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) was analyzed, such as the T stage, ulceration, age, gender, and location. The influence of SLN status on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was evaluated. Results:SLNs were detected in all the 67 patients by SPECT and gamma detector, with detection rate of 100%. Fifteen patients had SLN metastasis, and the positive rate was 22.4%. Chi-square indicates that SLN metastasis is associated with age, T stage, and ulceration (P<0.05). A total of 63 patients were followed up for 24-69 months, and the median follow up time was 43 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis shows that both OS and DFS in the SLN-negative group are better than those in the SLN-positive group (OS:93.9%vs. 57.1%, P<0.01;DFS:79.6%versus 28.6%, P<0.01). Cox-regression multiple factors analysis suggests that both SLN status and T stage are independent factors that affect the DFS of malignant melanoma. Conclusion:SLNB assisted by 99Tcm-IT-Rituximab can well reflect the state of lymph node metastasis and is es-sential for accurate staging, prognosis judging, and treatment guiding. Its operation procedure is simple with high accuracy, and the im-aging status is stable. Therefore, it is convenient and feasible as a means of SLNB.
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Objective To investigate the ability of osteogenesis, repaired effects and possible mechanism of tissue engineered bone made in an approach of bionics as a transplantation biomaterial to repair a segmental defect of long bone. Methods HA/?-TCP was composed with PDLLA and then composed with rhBMP-2 and collagen of typeⅠ. The combined biomaterial was put in common culture with osteoblasts harvested from periosteum of rabbit and vascular endothelial cells from kidney of rabbit then transplanted this tissue engineered bone to total segmental periosteum-bone defect of 1.5 cm in the rabbits radius which were investigated 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation respectively. Investigation of the bone defect was made by means of gross observation, X-ray examination, histology of HE and Masson staining, image pattern analysis, scanning electron microscopy, EDAX. Results In gross observation, the implantations were adhered to the host bone well in four weeks, the implantations was bony healed with host bone in eight weeks, and some of the implantations were replaced by new formation bone in 12 weeks. In histological examination of four weeks after operation, lamellar bone was found, and eight weeks after operation, implant was incorporated to host bone end by end through cortical bone, and new bone marrow was found to invade into the implant. Furthermore, the outer part of implant was completely substituted by new cortical bone 12 weeks after operation. In addition, the histological study pointed out that the new bone arranged in type of various bands which were in subsequent transition. There is significant difference between 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and 4 weeks and 12 weeks, but no significant difference between 8 weeks and 12 weeks of the quantity of new bone. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the transplants tended to approach that in the host cortical bone along with the period of time after operation. Conclusion Satisfied effects of remodeling appeared after this tissue engineered bone composed by bionics was transplanted to the segmental defect of long bone. The mechanism of bone regeneration was endochondral ossification.