RÉSUMÉ
BACKGROUND: A general standard has not been established for the extraction and purification of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). An erythrocyte lysis step for stromal vascular fraction is the commonly used method in the procedure for ADSCs isolation. However, there is a lack of evidence on whether this step will have adverse effects on human ADSCs (hADSCs). OBJECTIVE: To test the efficiency of two hADSCs isolation methods, which are erythrocyte-lysis method based on ammonium chloride and non-lysis method. Moreover, the biological characteristics of the hADSCs isolated by the two methods were also compared. METHODS: After collagenase digestion of lipoaspirate, erythrocyte lysis buffer was used to purify stromal vascular fraction in erythrocyte-lysis method, while in non-lysis method the buffer was not used. A Muse™ cell analyzer was used to assess living cell counting and proportion of stromal vascular fraction in both methods. Then hADSCs were cultured to the second passage for next testing. Cell morphology was observed under light microscope. Cell phenotype was detected by flow cytometry. Cell counting kit-8 was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Oil red O staining and alizarin staining were used to evaluate adipogenic and osteogenic ability of hADSCs after adipogenic and osteogenic induction. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Plastic Surgery Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and informed consents were signed by all participants. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the erythrocyte lysis group, hADSCs obtained in the non-lysis group contained a larger number and a larger percentage of non-erythrocyte living cells. (2) The two groups of hADSCs were spindle-shaped and arranged as a fish shape. (3) The cell phenotypes of both groups met the phenotypic requirements for human mesenchymal stem cells. (4) The cell proliferation in the non-lysis group was faster than that in the erythrocyte lysis group, while there was no difference in the adipogenic and osteogenic abilities between the two groups. In conclusion, the use of erythrocyte lysis buffer reduces the isolation efficiency of hADSCs and inhibits cell proliferation. The non-lysis isolation method does not affect phenotypes, adipogenic and osteogenic ability of hADSCs. Therefore, it is not recommended to implement erythrocyte lysis during the isolation of hADSCs.
RÉSUMÉ
With the rapid development of biotechnology, therapeutic peptide has been a hot area in the central nervous system drugs due to its features of easy to design and target specificity. However, therapeutic peptide is difficult to cross the blood brain barrier into the central nervous system and target cells, coupled with its in vivo instability, which seriously restricts its application in central nervous system diseases. This review focuses on the progress of therapeutic peptides across the blood brain barrier targeting the central nervous system, compares and analyses the methods of increasing therapeutic peptides penetration, specificity and stability in combination with other molecules, in order to provide help for the development of central nervous system drugs.
RÉSUMÉ
In recent years, breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has become the research focus of many specialists in the field. This study introduces the epidemiological features of BIA-ALCL, reviewing the characteristics of prosthesis implantation and prosthesis and briefly describing its clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Additionally, the research progress of its disease mechanism was summarized. Altogether, BIA-ALCL not only requires plastic surgeons to be vigilant and to regulate the collection and reporting of cases, but also requires them to use a multidisciplinary approach for conducting thorough research.
RÉSUMÉ
Blood supply is believed to be an important aspect in the development of pathological scars. However, there are controversies about vascular distribution, vascular structure and blood flow in pathological scars. Additionally, hypoxic microenvironment plays an important role in the vascularization of pathological scar tissues, and hypoxic conditions can be reflected by metabolic indexes and some cytokines. Furthermore, the correlation between blood supply and tissue hypoxia is controversial. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the characteristics of blood supply and tissue hypoxia in pathological scars, from which we can see pathological scars have unique characteristics of blood supply that are closely associated with tissue hypoxia. Moreover, development in the treatment of pathological scars is herein reviewed.