Surveillance of adverse events following immunization with combined attenuated live measles, mumps and rubella vaccines in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 / 预防医学

Objective@#To monitor the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) with combined attenuated live measles, mumps and rubella vaccines (MMR) in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021, so as to provide insights into the implementation of the MMR immunization strategy.@*Methods@#All AEFI caused by MMR immunization in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 were captured from the AEFI Monitoring Information Management System of the Immunization Planning System of Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information System, and the incidence, clinical features and epidemiological features of AEFI were analyzed descriptively.@*Results@#The reported incidence of AEFI caused by MMR immunization appeared a tendency towards a rise in Huzhou City from 2015 to 2021 (χ2trend=124.126, P<0.001). Totally 324 386 doses of MMR vaccines were immunized, and 317 cases with AEFI were reported, with an reported incidence rate of 9.77/104 doses. Following two-dose immunization, the reported incidence of AEFI caused by two-dose MMR immunization was significantly lower than by one-dose immunization (6.01/104 doses vs. 25.43/104 doses; χ2=113.692, P<0.001). The incidence rates of general reactions, abnormal reactions and coincidental events were 6.20/104 doses, 3.42/104 dose and 0.15/104 doses, respectively. Fever and allergic rash were predominant clinical manifestations of AEFI, and no vaccine quality accident, inoculation accident or psychogenic reaction were reported. There were 246 (77.60%) cases with AEFI within 24 hours following vaccination, and among children with AEFI, there were 173 boys (54.57%), and 200 children (63.09%) age ages of less than one year (63.09%). AEFI was reported in each quarter, and 99 cases (31.23%) were reported in the fourth quarter. The largest number of children with AEFI was reported in Wuxing District (78 cases, 24.61%).@*Conclusions@#The safety of MMR vaccination is high in Huzhou City. General reaction is the predominant AEFI, which mainly occurs within 24 hours following vaccination. Two-dose MMR vaccination does not increase the risk of AEFI.

Epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B between 2004 and 2017 in Huzhou / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B （HB） in Huzhou from 2004 to 2017 in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention of HB. Methods:Descriptive epidemiologic methods were used to analyze the data of HB cases in Huzhou city， 2004-2017. Results:A total of 16 685 HB cases were reported in Huzhou from 2004 to 2017. The average annual incidence of HB was 41.58/105. Incidence tended to decrease （χ2=5 094.667， P<0.01）. The incidence of HB among males was higher than that among females （χ2=2 619.143，P<0.01）， and the incidence rate among males and females both tended to decrease （male： χ2= 3 408.813， P<0.01；female： χ2=1 716.388， P<0.01）. Of the reported case of HB， 83.0% involved individuals between 20 and 60 years of age. Most of the patients were farmers， accounting for 52.41% of the total cases. The top three districts reporting high case numbers were Changxing （4 584 cases （27.47%））， Wuxing （4 356 cases （26.11%））， Anji （3 192 cases（19.13%））， while the top county/district of the annual incidence was Changxing （50.10/105）. Conclusion:Incidence of HB kept decreasing between 2004 and 2017 in Huzhou. Adults are the key population vulnerable to HB virus. To further reduce the incidence of HB， it is necessary to strengthen the prevention of HB and HB vaccination rate among high-risk groups.

Cognition of mental health and its influencing factors among residents in Yinzhou District / 预防医学

Objective To learn the awareness and influencing factors of mental health knowledge in Yinzhou District. Methods The multi-stage cluster sampling was used to investigate 1239 residents by using the questionnaire of the residents' mental health awareness. Results The total awareness rate was 61.3％, and the awareness rate that was relatively low was mainly concentrated on "World Suicide Prevention Day" (29.9％),"mental illness was a problem in mind" (32.1％),"mental illness was due to the stimulation" (44.0％) . Multiple linear regression analysis found that the residents who were older (β=0.039, P<0.05), lived in city (β=2.073, P<0.05), worked as administrators, technicians, and waiters compared with self-employed, retired and unemployed (β: -2.350 - -1.591, P <0.05) scored higher. Conclusion The residents' awareness of mental health knowledge is low. The urban residents, self-employed, workers, farmers, are the key populations to be educated with mental health system.

Lifestyle and risk of Alzheimer's disease: a case-control study / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To evaluate the relationship between lifestyle and development of Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods Two hundred and thirty-eight AD patients(102 males and 136 females) and 476 healthy controls(204 males and 272 females) were recruited from Ningbo communities into this 1 ∶ 2 matched case-control study.Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating(CDR) were required to fill in.Chi-square test and conditional logistic regression were used for data analysis.We adopted Epidata 3.1 to establish the database and did statistical analysis by SPSS15.0.The count data were analysis by Chi-square test,meanwhile multiple factors analysis by conditional Logistic regression analysis.Results Through single factor analysis we found thatcigarette ≥20/day(F=8.687,P=0.003),children visiting(F=22.721,P＜0.05),friendship(F=16.784,P＜0.05),family gathering(≥1 times/week)(F=8.198,P=0.004),working after retirement(F=33.099,P＜0.05),travel(F=16.784,P＜0.05),social activities(F=24.919,P＜0.05),physical exercises(F=24.404,P＜0.05),eating pickles or pickled products(F=6.662,P=0.01),saturated fatty acid intake(F=23.069,P＜0.05),daily consumption of fruits and vegetables(F=8.401,P=0.004),chess(F=17.365,P＜0.05),reading(≥30 min/d)(F=36.390,P＜0.05),using computer(F=8.688,P=0.003) were related AD,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).In multiple factors analysis,social activities,chess games or joke,travelling,working after retirement,reading,physical exercises,friendship,family gathering,saturated fatty acid intake and daily consumption of fruits and vegetables were risk factors of AD(odds ratio(OR) values were 0.571(0.342-0.753),0.623(0.343-0.889),0.686(0.461-0.942),0.534(0.326-0.714),0.276(0.175-0.438),0.538(0.336-0.738),0.585(0.385-0.765),0.466(0.316-0.745),0.527 (0.368-0.787) and 0.482(0.316-0.665),respectively; constant terms:OR=0.526).Conclusion A positive and leisure lifestyle and health reasonable diet could effectively reduce the risk of AD.