Lipotransferencia por decantación asistida con células madre del tejido adiposo para el rejuvenecimiento facial

Introducción: El mito de rejuvenecer o ser bello eternamente es un sueño que la humanidad siempre ha compartido en muchas leyendas. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la lipotransferencia por decantación asistida con células madre del tejido adiposo para el rejuvenecimiento facial. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y longitudinal de 35 pacientes seleccionados por muestreo aleatorio simple, en el Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras de La Habana, desde septiembre de 2019 hasta igual periodo de 2022. Resultados: En la casuística, la edad media fue de 46,5 ± 11,5 años con valores mínimo de 34 y máximo de 57 años; 48,6 % se encontraban en el grupo etario de 50-59 años. Se constató un predominio del fototipo cutáneo II (60,0 %); en pacientes sanos, el mayor porcentaje con grado de envejecimiento fue el de tipo III (57,1 %). Prevalecieron las arrugas finas en reposo y líneas más profundas con expresión facial (40,0 %) en quienes recibirían lipotransferencia asistida. Posterior al tratamiento se constató mejoría en todos los pacientes; ninguno presentó complicación. La evaluación de este procedimiento resultó ser buena (94,3 %). Conclusiones: La lipotransferencia es un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo con ventajas en cuanto a histocompatibilidad, durabilidad y menor número de complicaciones; tiene una elevada tasa de aceptación. El resultado final favorable, la seguridad y la efectividad se observan en la satisfacción del paciente.

Introduction: The myth to rejuvenate or to be eternally beautiful is a dream that the humanity has always shared in many legends. Objective: To evaluate the results of lipotransference by assisted decantation with stem cells of adipose tissue for the facial rejuvenation. Methods: A descriptive, prospective and longitudinal study was carried out with 35 patients selected by simple random sampling in the Plastic Surgery Service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital in Havana city, from September, 2019 to the same month in 2022. Results: In the case material, the mean age was of 46,5 ± 11,5 years with minimum values of 34 and maximum 57 years; 48.6% was in the 50-59 age group. A prevalence of the II cutaneous phototype was verified (60.0%); in healthy patients, the highest percentage with aging degree was that of type III (57.1%). There was a prevalence of fine wrinkles in rest and deeper lines with facial expression (40.0%) in those who would receive assisted lipotransference. After the treatment improvement was verified in all the patients; none presented complication. The evaluation of this procedure was good (94.3%). Conclusions: Lipotransference is a minimumly invasive procedure with advantages as for histocompatibility, durability and smaller number of complications; it has a high rate of acceptance. The favorable final result, security and effectiveness are observed in the patient's satisfaction.

Effect of Brassica rapa var. rapifera on Insulin Resistance and Inflammatory Analysis of Visceral Adipose Tissue of Obese Wistar Rats Under Glucolipotoxicity Condition / Efecto de Brassica rapa var. rapifera sobre la Resistencia a la Insulina y el Análisis Inflamatorio del Tejido Adiposo Visceral de Ratas Wistar Obesas en Condiciones de Glucolipotoxicidad

SUMMARY: Obesity-related pathophysiologies such as insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome show a markedly increased risk for type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This risk appears to be linked to alterations in adipose tissue function, leading to chronic inflammation and the dysregulation of adipocyte-derived factors. Brassica rapa have been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases, including diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of nutritional stress induced by a high-fat and high-sucrose diet on the pathophysiology of visceral adipose tissue and the therapeutic effect of Brassica rapa in male Wistar rats. We subjected experimental rats to a high-fat (10 %) high-sucrose (20 %)/per day for 11 months and treated them for 20 days with aqueous extract Br (AEBr) at 200 mg/kg at the end of the experiment. At the time of sacrifice, we monitored plasma and tissue biochemical parameters as well as the morpho-histopathology of visceral adipose tissue. We found AEBr corrected metabolic parameters and inflammatory markers in homogenized visceral adipose tissue and reduced hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and lipid droplets. These results suggest that AEBr enhances anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and a protective effect on adipose tissue morphology in type 2 diabetes and obesity.

La fisiopatología relacionadas con la obesidad, como la resistencia a la insulina y el síndrome metabólico, muestran un riesgo notablemente mayor de diabetes tipo 2 y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Este riesgo parece estar relacionado con alteraciones en la función del tejido adiposo, lo que lleva a una inflamación crónica y a la desregulación de los factores derivados de los adipocitos. Brassica rapa se ha utilizado en la medicina tradicional para el tratamiento de varias enfermedades, incluida la diabetes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto del estrés nutricional inducido por una dieta rica en grasas y sacarosa sobre la fisiopatología del tejido adiposo visceral y el efecto terapéutico de Brassica rapa en ratas Wistar macho. Sometimos a ratas experimentales a una dieta rica en grasas (10 %) y alta en sacarosa (20 %)/por día durante 11 meses y las tratamos durante 20 días con extracto acuoso de Br (AEBr) a 200 mg/kg al final del experimento. En el momento del sacrificio, monitoreamos los parámetros bioquímicos plasmáticos y tisulares, así como la morfohistopatología del tejido adiposo visceral. Encontramos parámetros metabólicos corregidos por AEBr y marcadores inflamatorios en tejido adiposo visceral homogeneizado y reducción de hipertrofia, hiperplasia y gotitas de lípidos. Estos resultados sugieren que AEBr mejora el efecto antidiabético, antiinflamatorio y protector sobre la morfología del tejido adiposo en la diabetes tipo 2 y la obesidad.

Molecular mechanism of adipose tissue inflammation induced by acute exposure to cooking oil fumes / 环境与职业医学

Background Cooking oil fumes are closely related to immune response, and adipose tissue also plays an important role in immune regulation. At present, the biological effect and mechanism of inflammation of adipose tissue induced by oil fume exposure are not clear yet. Objective To investigate the inflammatory effect of different exposure duration of cooking fumes on adipose tissue in mice and explore the role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3)/cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 (Caspase 1)/interleukin (IL)-1β signaling pathway. Methods Forty 8-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 3-day control group (CON3 group), 7-day control group (CON7 group), 3-day oil fume exposure group (COF3 group), and 7-day oil fume exposure group (COF7 group), with 10 mice in each group. The mice were exposed to oil fumes in a cooking oil fume formation and exposure equipment (COFFEE) for 20 min, followed by a 10-min pause, 1 h a day for consecutive 3 d or 7 d. General condition of mice was observed and body weight was measured every day. After exposure, blood was sampled from the eyeball. Serum levels of IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The adipose tissue of mice was collected and observed after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The percentages of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in adipose tissue were detected by flow cytometry. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose. Results Compared with the corresponding control group, serum IL-6, IL-27, and IL-1β contents in the COF3 group and the COF7 group were significantly increased (P<0.05) except IL-6 in the COF3 group, and the levels in the COF7 group were significantly higher than those in the COF3 group (P<0.05). Vacuolar lipid droplets in adipocytes decreased, cytoplasm shrank, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the COF7 group after HE staining. The flow cytometry results showed that the proportions of CD4+ and CD8+T cells in adipocytes of the COF3 group and the COF7 group were increased compared to the corresponding control group, with a significant increase in the COF7 group (P<0.05), and the CD4+/CD8+T ratio also significantly increased progressively in the two groups (P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the mRNA expression levels of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in adipose tissue of mice in the COF3 group and the COF7 group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of mice in each exposure group gradually increased over time. The Western blot results showed that compared with the corresponding control group, the protein expressions of NLRP3 and Caspase 1 in the COF3 group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expression of IL-1β protein also increased but without statistical significance. The protein expressions of NLRP3, Caspase 1, and IL-1β in the COF7 group were significantly higher than those in the CON7 group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Acute exposure to cooking oil fumes can induce significant inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and the effect gradually increases with the extension of exposure time. The mechanism of action may be related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway.

Effects of PM2.5 and heat/cold exposure on AKT/GLUT4 pathway in mouse skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue / 环境与职业医学

Background It is unclear if there is any combined effect of air pollutants and non-optimal temperature on metabolic syndrome, or any molecular mechanisms of related signaling pathways in the process, which requires urgent systematic research. Objective To observe the effects of combined exposure to PM2.5 and non-optimal temperature on metabolic damage at gene and protein levels in mice, and elucidate the role of related signaling pathway in crucial organs. Methods A total of 60 six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups: a normal temperature-filter air group (TN-FA), a normal temperature-concentrated PM2.5 group (TN-PM), a heat-filter air group (TH-FA), a heat-concentrated PM2.5 group (TH-PM), a cold-filter air group (TC-FA), and a cold-concentrated PM2.5 group (TC-PM). The Shanghai Meteorological and Environmental Animal Exposure System (Shanghai-METAS) was used to provide combined exposure settings of air types [concentrated PM2.5 and filter air (FA)] and temperatures [normal (22°C), cold (4°C), and heat (30°C)] for 4 weeks. Skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) of the mice were sampled at the end of exposure, and transcriptomics and Western blot (WB) assay were adopted to observe selected gene and protein expression levels in the samples respectively. Results The transcriptomics results indicated that the PM2.5 exposure enhanced the number of differentially expressed genes. Specifically, 4820 genes were differentially expressed in the TN-PM mice compared to the TN-FA mice at normal temperature, and 1143 genes were differentially expressed in the Tc-PM mice compared to the Tc-FA mice in the cold environment. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathway were identified as the most significant pathways in metabolic injury resulting from combined exposure to PM2.5 and non-optimal temperature exposure. The WB results showed that exposure to PM2.5 in the normal temperature and the cold environments led to a significant increase in the expression of p-AKT in WAT (P<0.01, P<0.05) and a significant decrease in the expression of GLUT4 (P<0.05, P<0.01). In skeletal muscle, exposure to PM2.5 led to a significant decrease in GLUT4 (P<0.05) in all environments, with a consistent trend of change as observed in WAT. Conclusion Cold/heat exposure might promote PM2.5-induced metabolic disorder through suppression of the AKT/GLUT4 pathway, aggravating metabolic damage.

Effect and Mechanism of Water Extract of Mori Folium on Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue of T2DM Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of water extract of Mori Folium （MLE） on oxidative stress in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） mice and explore its mechanism. MethodTwenty-four male db/db mice were randomly divided into model group， metformin group， low-dose MLE （MLE-L） group， and high-dose MLE （MLE-H） group according to their body weight and blood glucose， with six mice in each group， and other six C57BLKS/JGpt wild littermate mice were selected as normal group. The mice in the metformin group were given 200 mg·kg-1 metformin suspension， and the mice in the MLE-L and MLE-H groups were respectively given 2 g·kg-1 and 4 g·kg-1 MLE， while the mice in the normal group and model group were given the same dose of deionized water by daily gavage for eight weeks. Body weight， subcutaneous fat index， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， and oral glucose tolerance level （OGTT） of the mice were detected， and serum superoxide dismutase （SOD）， glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， and malondialdehyde （MDA） were measured. The expression levels of silent information regulator 1 （SIRT1） and NADPH oxidase type 4 （NOX4） protein in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the mice were detected by Western blot. ResultThe FBG level， OGTT， and subcutaneous fat index of T2DM mice were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01） after administration of MLE compared with the blank group. The contents of serum SOD and GSH were significantly increased， while the level of oxidative stress damage marker MDA was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expression of SIRT1 protein in adipose tissue was significantly increased， while the expression of NOX4 protein was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionMLE can ameliorate T2DM by alleviating oxidative stress in adipose tissue of T2DM mice and reducing blood glucose.

Effect and Mechanism of Total Saponins from Panax Japonicus on White Adipose Tissue Browning/Brown Adipose Tissue Activation in High-fat Diet-induced Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of total saponins from Panax japonicus （TSPJ） on white adipose tissue （WAT） browning/brown adipose tissue （BAT） activation in C57BL6/J male mice fed on a high-fat diet （HFD）. MethodThirty-two C57BL6/J male mice （8-week-old） were randomly divided into a normal group， a model group， a low-dose TSPJ group， and a high-dose TSPJ group. The mice in the low-dose and high-dose TSPJ groups were given TSPJ for four months by gavage at 25， 75 mg·kg-1·d-1， respectively， and those in the other groups were given 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose （CMC-Na） accordingly. After four months of feeding， all mice were placed at 4 ℃ for acute cold exposure， and the core body temperature was monitored. Subsequently， all mice were sacrificed， and BAT and inguinal WAT （iWAT） were separated rapidly to detect the corresponding indexes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe the morphological changes in each group. The effect of TSPJ on the mRNA expression of uncoupling protein 1 （UCP1）， fatty acid-binding protein 4 （FABP4）， cytochrome C （CytC）， PR domain-containing protein 16 （PRDM16）， elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 （ELOVL3）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ （PPARγ）， and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） in iWAT and BAT was detected by Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Western blot was also used to detect the protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in BAT and iWAT of each group. The effect of TSPJ on UCP1 expression in BAT and iWAT was detected by immunohistochemistry. Result① Compared with the model group， TSPJ could decrease the body weight and proportions of iWAT and BAT in the HFD-induced mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② The body temperature of mice in the model group decreased compared with that in the normal group in the acute cold exposure tolerance test （P<0.05）. The body temperature in the high-dose TSPJ group increased compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. ③ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased adipocyte diameter in iWAT and BAT and decreased number of adipocytes per unit area. Compared with the model group， the TSPJ groups showed significantly reduced cell diameter and increased number of cells per unit area， especially in the high-dose TSPJ group. ④ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased mRNA expression of FABP4， UCP1， CytC， PRDM16， ELOVL3， PGC-1α， and PPARγ in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ⑤ Compared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased protein expression of UCP1， PRDM16， PPARγ， and PGC-1α in adipose tissues of mice （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after intervention with TSPJ， the protein expression increased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionTSPJ could induce the browning of iWAT/BAT activation and enhance adaptive thermogenesis in obese mice induced by HFD. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to the activation of the PPARγ/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Periprostatic adipose tissue promotes prostate cancer development / 现代泌尿外科杂志

The prostate is surrounded by adipose tissue called periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT).This article reviews the correlation between PPAT and prostate cancer, the boundaries and methods of PPAT measurement, and the role of PPAT in prostate tumor microenvironment, so as to provide new treatment strategies and risk stratification factors for prostate cancer.

The effect of diabetes mellitus on differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into insulin-producing cells

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global epidemic with increasing incidences. DM is a metabolic disease associated with chronic hyperglycemia. Aside from conventional treatments, there is no clinically approved cure for DM up till now. Differentiating mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) is a promising approach for curing DM. Our study was conducted to investigate the effect of DM on MSCs differentiation into IPCs in vivo and in vitro. Methods We isolated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) from the epididymal fat of normal and STZ-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley male rats. Afterwards, the in vitro differentiation of normal-Ad-MSCs (N-Ad-MSCs) and diabetic-Ad-MSCs (DM-Ad-MSCs) into IPCs was compared morphologically then through determining the gene expression of β-cell markers including neurogenin-3 (Ngn-3), homeobox protein (Nkx6.1), muscu- loaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), and insulin-1 (Ins-1) and eventually, through performing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion test (GSIS). Finally, the therapeutic potential of N-Ad-MSCs and DM-Ad-MSCs transplantation was compared in vivo in STZ-induced diabetic animals. Results Our results showed no significant difference in the characteristics of N-Ad-MSCs and DM-Ad-MSCs. However, we demonstrated a significant difference in their abilities to differentiate into IPCs in vitro morphologically in addition to β-cell markers expression, and functional assessment via GSIS test. Furthermore, the abilities of both Ad-MSCs to control hyperglycemia in diabetic rats in vivo was assessed through measuring fasting blood glucose (FBGs), body weight (BW), histopathological examination of both pancreas and liver and immunoexpression of insulin in pancreata of study groups. Conclusion Our findings reveal the effectiveness of N-Ad-MSCs in differentiating into IPCs in vitro and controlling the hyperglycemia of STZ-induced diabetic rats in vivo compared to DM-Ad-MSCs.

Vaspin improves insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes rats by regulating the polarization of adipose tissue macrophages / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effect of Vaspin on adipose tissue macrophage polarization and its underlying mechanism.Methods:Fifty male SD rats, aged 8 weeks, were chosen and randomly allocated into three groups: the normal control(NC), the type 2 diabetes(T2DM), and various concentrations of Vaspin intervention(V1: 480 ng/kg, V2: 960 ng/kg, V3: 1 440 ng/kg). Vaspin was administered via intraperitoneal injection for 8 weeks. Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were evaluated via intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test(IPGTT), intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test(IPITT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Adipose tissue inflammation and macrophage polarization were assessed using immunofluorescence, RT-PCR and western blotting.Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, there were no statistically significant differences in body weight and blood lipid levels among groups. IPGTT, IPITT, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp experiments demonstrated that Vaspin intervention improved blood glucose and insulin sensitivity, exhibiting a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). IF and RT-PCR showed that Vaspin downregulated the expression of CD11c, IL-1β, and TNF-α in eWAT, while upregulating the expression of CD206, IL-10, and PPARγ, which correlated with Vaspin concentration( P<0.05). ELISA revealed that Vaspin intervention reduced the concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α in serum, while increasing the concentration of IL-10( P<0.05). Western blotting demonstrated that Vaspin downregulated iNOS protein expression, while upregulating Arg1, p-Akt, and PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner( P<0.05). Conclusion:Vaspin promotes M2 polarization of adipose tissue macrophages via PPARγ pathway, leading to reduced inflammation and improved insulin sensitivity in T2DM rats.

Low intramuscular adipose tissue index is a protective factor of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between intramuscular adipose tissue index (IATI) calculated from computed tomography images at transverse process of the first lumbar and all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients, and to provide a reference for improving the prognosis in these patients.Methods:It was a multicenter retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of patients who received maintenance hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis treatment from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 in 4 grade Ⅲ hospitals including Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, and the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were retrospectively collected. IATI was calculated by low attenuation muscle (LAM) density/skeletal muscle density. The receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value of IATI, and the patients were divided into high IATI group and low IATI group according to the optimal cut-off value. The differences of baseline clinical data and measurement parameters of the first lumbar level between the two groups were compared. The follow-up ended on December 23, 2022. The endpoint event was defined as all-cause mortality within 3 years. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test were used to analyze the survival rates and the differences between the two groups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis models were used to analyze the association between IATI and the risk of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of high IATI.Results:A total of 478 patients were eligibly recruited in this study, with age of (53.55±13.19) years old and 319 (66.7%) males, including 365 (76.4%) hemodialysis patients and 113 (23.6%) peritoneal dialysis patients. There were 376 (78.7%) patients in low IATI (<0.42) group and 102 (21.3%) patients in high IATI (≥0.42) group. The proportion of age ≥ 60 years old ( χ2=24.746, P<0.001), proportion of diabetes mellitus ( χ2=5.570, P=0.018), fasting blood glucose ( t=-2.145, P=0.032), LAM density ( t=-3.735, P<0.001), LAM index ( t=-7.072, P<0.001), and LAM area/skeletal muscle area ratio ( Z=-9.630, P<0.001) in high IATI group were all higher than those in low IATI group, while proportion of males ( χ2=11.116, P<0.001), serum albumin ( Z=2.708, P=0.007) and skeletal muscle density ( t=12.380, P<0.001) were lower than those in low IATI group. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the 3-years overall survival rate of low IATI group was significantly higher than that in high IATI group (Log-rank χ2=19.188, P<0.001). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that IATI<0.42 [<0.42/≥0.42, HR(95% CI): 0.50 (0.31-0.83), P=0.007] was an independent protective factor of all-cause mortality, and age ≥60 years old [ HR (95% CI): 2.61 (1.60-4.23), P<0.001], diabetes mellitus [ HR (95% CI): 1.71 (1.06-2.78), P=0.029] and high blood neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio [ HR (95% CI): 1.04 (1.00-1.07), P=0.049] were the independent risk factors of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients. Stepwise Cox regression analysis showed that IATI<0.42 was still an independent protective factor of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients [<0.42/≥0.42, HR (95% CI): 0.45 (0.27-0.76), P=0.003]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low skeletal muscle density [ OR (95% CI): 0.84 (0.81-0.88), P<0.001] and high serum triglyceride [ OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.07-1.82), P=0.015] were the independent influencing factors of IATI≥0.42. Conclusion:IATI<0.42 of the first lumbar level is an independent protective factor of all-cause mortality in maintenance dialysis patients. Localized myosteatosis within high-quality skeletal muscle may reduce the risk of all-cause mortality in these patients.

Effect of Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction on Interfering Serum Lipids and White Adipose Tissue Browning of Cancer Cachexia Mice / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To investigate the effect of Baoyuan Jiedu Decoction(BJD)on serum lipids and white adipose tissue browning in cancer cachexia mice.[Methods]The specific pathogen free C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal group,model group,BJD group and megestrol acetate(MA)group.After 21 days of intervention,the changes of body weight,food intake,water consumption and tumor volume of the mice were observed,multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics(MDMS-SL)was used to determine the content of serum lipid of mice,white adipose tissue morphology and lipid droplet area were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining,the expressions of white adipose tissue browning related genes were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(Real-time PCR);and the protein expression of uncoupling protein 1(UCP1)was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.[Results]Compared with model group,the mice in BJD group were generally in good condition,and their food intake,water consumption and weight were increased significantly(P＜0.05),and the volumes of tumors were significantly suppressed(P＜0.05).Compared with normal group,there were 61 kinds of abnormal lipids in the serum of model group,while 30 kinds of lipids were influenced by BJD treatment(P＜0.05).Compared with model group,BJD alleviated the mass loss and lipid droplets(P＜0.05),inhibited the mRNA expression of UCP1,Cidea,Prdm16(P＜0.05)and the protein expression of UCP1(P＜0.05)in epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT)and inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)of cancer cachexia mice.[Conclusion]BJD can inhibit weight loss,relieve the disorder of serum lipid,and inhibit the white adipose tissue browning of iWAT and eWAT of cancer cachexia mice.

Advances in musculoskeletal lesions and energy metabolism abnormality in osteogenesis imperfecta / 国际儿科学杂志

Osteogenesis imperfecta（OI）is a hereditary connective tissue disease，and roughly 85% of the patients are caused by heterozygous mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2，the coding genes of type Ⅰcollagen. Primary symptomatic manifestations of OI are low bone mass，frequent fractures and skeletal deformity，and other symptoms include blue sclera，dentinogenesis imperfecta，hyperlaxity of joint and ligaments，short stature and hearing impairment. Some patients may have muscle weakness，obesity and other symptoms，and the systemic low-grade inflammation and changes in bone microenvironment caused by obesity may have more negative effects on OI bones. The occurrence of obesity in OI patients may be related to energy metabolism abnormalities caused by multiple factors such as reduced activity，abnormal muscle fat metabolism，and diverse genotypes. Currently，there is a lack of large sample data on the incidence of obesity，and exploring the mechanism of skeletal-muscle interaction and energy metabolism regulation is of great significance for OI related obesity prevention and treatment.

Nutlin-3a regulates mouse adipose function by inhibition of CIDEC expression / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of Nutlin-3a,a mouse double minute 2 homolog(MDM2)inhibitor,on lipid metabolism of mouse adipose.Methods High-fat diet-induced obesity(DIO)C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control group injected with DMSO and an experimental group injected with Nutlin-3a.Then we conducted glucose tolerance(GTT)and insulin tolerance(ITT)tests.The epididymal white adipose tissue(eWAT),inguinal white adipose tissue(iWAT)and brown adipose tissue(BAT)of animals were isolated and microscopy of WATs with hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed to observe the morphological changes of adipocytes.The expression of lipid metabolism related gene cell death-inducing DFF45-like effector C(CIDEC)in eWAT were detected by qPCR and Western blot.Results Compared with the control group,Nutlin-3a was found to promote the body weight(P＜0.001),but no effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in DIO mice.Nutlin-3a treatment decreased the size of adipocytes and fat deposition in adipose tissue and downregulated the mRNA and protein levels of CIDEC in eWAT.Conclusions Nutlin-3a inhibits the formation of lipid droplets by downregulating expression of CIDEC in white adipose tissue.

Expression of Serum Vaspin and SFRP5 in Children with Idiopathic Nanosomia and Their Diagnostic Value / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the expression level of visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor(Vaspin)and secreted frizzled-related protein5(SFRP5)in the serum of children with idiopathic short stature(ISS)and its diagnostic value.Methods 70 children with ISS diagnosed in the First Hospital of Zhangjiakou from December 2021 to February 2023 were selected as the disease group,while 72 healthy volunteer children who underwent physical examination were collected as the control group.Immunoluminescence was applied to detect the expression level of VASPIN,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the expression level of SFRP5 the clinical data of children in two groups were analyzed.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum Vaspin and SFRP5 for ISS,multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of ISS.Results Compared with the control group,the serum Vaspin level in the disease group was obviously increased(2.89±0.92 ng/ml vs 1.81±0.42 ng/ml),while the SFRP5 level was obviously reduced(10.22±2.84 pg/ml vs 13.21±3.53 pg/ml),the differences were statistically significant(t=9.040,5.552,all P＜0.05).The weight,height,body mass index(BMI)and proportion of sexual development stage II～V of children in the disease group were obviously lower than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(t=7.687,6.330,5.559,7.024,all P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve showed that the AUC of Vaspin and SFRP5 and their combined detection in the diagnosis of ISS were 0.768,0.849 and 0.925,respectively,the combined diagnosis efficacy of Vaspin and SFRP5 was better than that of serum Vaspin and SFRP5 alone(Z =3.829,P＜0.001;Z =2.141,P=0.032).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI(OR=0.508,95%CI:0.260～0.991),Vaspin(OR=3.458,95%CI:1.125～10.631)and SFRP5(OR=0.378,95%CI:0.153～0.935)were the influencing factors for ISS(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression level of Vaspin in the serum of children with ISS is obviously increased,while the expression level of SFRP5 is obviously reduced.The two are influencing factors of ISS,and the combined detection of their expression levels has certain value in the diagnosis of ISS.

Quantitative evaluation of gender differences in supraclavicular fat related to fat metabolism with IDEAL-IQ in healthy young adults / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To evaluate the gender differences in fat water fraction(FWF)related to fat metabolism in supraclavicular region of neck with iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least square estimation iron quantification(IDEAL-IQ)sequence quantitatively.Methods Twenty healthy female and twenty healthy male volunteers were selected for a MRI examination with IDEAL-IQ,then the FWF of R2*,brown adipose tissue(BAT)and white adipose tissue(WAT)were obtained by post-processing.The differences of FWF between the two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney U test.Results There was sig-nificant difference in the FWF of BAT and WAT between the two groups(P＜0.05).The FWF of BAT in the female was higher than that the male,and the FWF of WAT in the male was higher than that the female,there was no significant difference in the R2*between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion IDEAL-IQ sequence can be used to evaluate the FWF in supraclavicular region of neck quantitatively,and classify BAT and WAT,then provide clinical according to the quantitative study of fat content.

Chronic inflammation regulates adipose tissue fibrosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In recent years,studies have shown that obesity is closely related to chronic inflammation.Due to excessive energy intake,inflammatory macrophage infiltration and inflammatory response occur in visceral adipose tissue,which is crucial for the regulation of adipose tissue fibrosis. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the molecular mechanism of inflammation-related signals involved in the regulation of adipose tissue fibrosis and to provide reference for the treatment of adipose tissue fibrosis and related metabolic diseases through anti-inflammatory pathways. METHODS:Relevant documents were retrieved from CNKI and PubMed,and the Chinese and English search words were"inflammation,inflammatory factors,inflammatory signals,lip fibrosis,adipose fibrosis,adipose tissue fibrosis"respectively.The search period was from January 2003 to December 2022.Finally,52 documents meeting the criteria were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:During obesity,visceral adipose tissue expands through adipocyte proliferation and hypertrophy to store excess energy,and defects caused by remodeling or functional changes mainly include impaired angiogenesis,adipocyte apoptosis promoted by white adipose tissue hypoxia,macrophage infiltration,and adipocyte fibrosis.Adipose tissue fibrosis has adverse effects on the natural growth of adipose cells.The factors that trigger chronic inflammation of adipose tissue include a variety of signal stimuli,such as adipocyte death caused by hypoxia,mechanical signal transduction caused by extracellular matrix remodeling and lipogenic factor imbalance.Inflammatory factors such as interleukin-1β,tumor necrosis factor-α,C-type lectins and adiponectin secreted by adipocytes and other inflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB,transforming growth factor-β/Smad and MAPK jointly regulate the process of adipose tissue fibrosis.

Influence of adipose tissue and its derivative on wound repair and vascularization / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Vascularization is essential for wound healing and functional recovery during soft tissue repair.Adipose tissue is believed to be the body's largest source of stem cells,and a number of different fat complexes have been developed for research and treatment.Its ability to promote angiogenesis and soft tissue repair has been extensively studied. OBJECTIVE:To review the progress of vascularization in soft tissue repair,and to summarize the preparation methods of adipose tissue and its derivative and their applications in vascularization and soft tissue repair.It is proven that adipose tissue and its derivative have excellent research value and clinical application prospects in vascular and soft tissue engineering. METHODS:PubMed,Web of Science and CNKI databases were used to search the related articles published from January 2010 to February 2023.The search terms were"soft tissue repair,wound healing,vascularization,angiogenesis,adipose tissue,stromal vascular fraction,adipose tissue-derived microvascular fragment,nanofat,adipose extracellular matrix/stromal vascular fraction gel"in Chinese and English.A small number of old classic literature was also included.An initial screening was performed by reading the titles and abstracts to exclude literature that was not relevant to the topic of the article,and 69 papers were finally included for the analysis of the result. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Wound healing is an important physiological process,which mainly occurs when tissue is damaged,such as injury,surgery,burn,tumor,infection and vascular disease caused by tissue damage and defects.(2)Adequate vascularization of the wound site is essential for tissue repair,reconstruction of local homeostasis and functional recovery.(3)Adipose tissue is believed to be the body's largest pool of stem cells and a number of different fat components have been used for research and treatment.(4)Due to its inherent composition and preparation advantages,adipose tissue will continue to play an important role in tissue engineering research and therapy.

Comparison of small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and tissue on de novo adipose regeneration / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:De novo adipose regeneration induced by small extracellular vesicles has become a promising method for repairing soft tissue defects.However,due to different animal models and small extracellular vesicle application dosages,it is difficult to quantitatively compare the therapeutic effect of small extracellular vesicles from various sources on adipose regeneration. OBJECTIVE:To compare the regenerative effects of small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells and small extracellular vesicles from tissue. METHODS:Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells and from adipose tissue were isolated by ultracentrifugation.The particle number,particle size,morphology,and protein expression of small extracellular vesicles were identified by nanoparticle tracking analysis,transmission electron microscopy and western blot assay.A quantitative and evaluative subcutaneous model for adipose regeneration in C57 mice was established using a customized silicone tube.The regenerative effects of induced de novo adipose were compared by cell counting and hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cells and from adipose tissue were isolated by ultracentrifugation.Both small extracellular vesicles were round-shape in transmission electron microscopy with particle size between 50-200 nm,and abundant with the small extracellular vesicles marker protein CD81,CD63 and TSG101.(2)An equal number of small extracellular vesicles were mixed with matrigel in customized silicone tubes,implanted subcutaneously in the back of mice to establish a cell-free and quantifiable adipose regeneration model.(3)On days 3 and 7 after implantation,the results of cell counting and hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that both small extracellular vesicle groups recruited more host cells than the blank group,and the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue group were superior to the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cell group.(4)4 weeks after implantation,hematoxylin-eosin staining of the contents in silicone tubes showed that small extracellular vesicles induced de novo adipose regeneration in vivo,and the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose tissue group were superior to the small extracellular vesicles derived from adipose-derived stem cell group.The above results indicated that small extracellular vesicles derived from tissues have a superior effect on inducing de novo adipose regeneration compared to small extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells.

Efficacy of the combination of semaglutide, insulin degludec, and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control accompanied by overweight or obesity / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of the combination of semaglutide, insulin degludec, and metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control accompanied by overweight or obesity.Methods:A total of 160 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control accompanied by overweight or obesity were included in this case-control study after receiving treatment at Bayannur Hospital from April 2022 to March 2023. These patients were divided into a control group and an observation group based on different treatment regimens, with 80 patients in each group. The control group was treated with degludec insulin combined with metformin, while the observation group was treated with semaglutide, degludec insulin, and metformin. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks in both groups. The changes in fasting plasma glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated hemoglobin, time in range for 2 h PG, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index, body mass index, and visceral fat area and adverse reactions were monitored.Results:The overall response rate in the observation group was 100% (80/80), which was significantly higher than 97.5% (78/80) in the control group (χ 2 = 11.03, P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of 2 h PG, glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance index, body mass index, visceral fat area in the observation group were (7.35 ± 0.17) mmol/L, (6.08 ± 0.24)%, (10.30 ± 2.58) μU/mL,(2.69 ± 0.66), (24.40 ± 0.68) kg/m 2, (80.20 ± 8.94) cm 2, respectively, which were significantly lower than (7.92 ± 0.24) mmol/L, (6.34 ± 0.27)%,(13.71 ± 3.13) μU/mL,(3.57 ± 0.83), (26.77 ± 3.49) kg/m 2, (116.12 ± 34.09) cm 2 respectively in the control group ( t = -0.73, -3.74, -4.20, -4.15, -3.35, -5.10, all P < 0.05). The time in range for 2 h PG in the observation group was (72.68 ± 4.09)%, which was significantly higher than (50.16 ± 10.00)% in the control group ( t = -10.42, P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 3.8% (3/80), which was slightly, but not significantly, higher than 2.5% (2/80) in the control group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:The combination of semaglutide, degludec insulin, and metformin demonstrates an ideal clinical effect in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control accompanied by overweight or obesity. This combined approach can effectively regulate fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels, markedly decrease the body mass index and visceral fat levels, and improve insulin resistance while not significantly increasing the incidence of adverse reactions.