Clinical value of combined detection of ApoA1 and AFP in young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application value of combined detection of apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)in young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.Meth-ods A total of 82 young and middle-aged patients with pulmonary tuberculosis admitted to the hospital from December 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the observation group,and 85 healthy people who under-went physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The clini-cal,lipid,inflammation and iron metabolism related indexes were compared between the two groups.Multiva-riate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients.The area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve(AUC)was used to e-valuate the application value of ApoA1,AFP and their combination in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had sig-nificantly higher levels of direct bilirubin,creatinine,AFP and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(P<0.05),and significantly lower levels of triglyceride,total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ApoA1(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that ApoA1 was an independent protective factor(OR=0.119,95%CI 0.019-0.754,P=0.024)and AFP was an independent risk factor(OR=1.554,95%CI 1.138-2.122,P=0.006)for pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients.ApoA1,AFP and the combined prediction of young and middle-aged tuberculosis AUC were 0.644(P=0.006),0.262(P<0.001),0.678(P=0.001),respectively.Conclusion The low level of ApoA1 is an independent protec-tive factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients,and the high level of AFP is an inde-pendent risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients.The combined detection of ApoA1 and AFP has good value in predicting pulmonary tuberculosis in young and middle-aged patients.

The value of serum levels of Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 in early assessment of acute pancreatitis / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the early evaluation potential of serum levels of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 (Apo B/A1), microtubule-associated protein 1-light chain 3 (MAP1-LC3) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients.Methods:A total of 413 AP patients who were treated at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between January 2019 and August 2020 were enrolled. Serum samples were collected from AP patients within 24 h of admission. Patients were divided into the non-severe acute pancreatitis (Non-SAP, n=315) and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP, n=98) groups according to the severity of the disease. Sixty healthy controls were recruited. The differences of serum Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 among the three groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance, and the correlation between Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 and the severity of AP was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Sensitivity and specificity in assessing AP severity were predicted by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Results:The early levels of Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 were all significantly higher for AP patients than for healthy controls ( P<0.05), and the levels of Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 in SAP patients were significantly higher than those in non-SAP patients[Apo B/A1: 2.21±1.40 vs. (0.96±0.34); MAP1-LC3: 0.92±0.29 vs. (0.48±0.24) ng/mL and ICAM-1: (235.57±54.50 ) vs. (120.28±61.69)ng/mL; P<0.05]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that levels of Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 were positively correlated with the first Ranson score after admission ( P<0.05), and ICAM-1 showed the highest degree of correlation with AP severity ( r=0.519). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were 0.769 for Apo B/A1, 0.811 for MAP1-LC3, 0.828 for ICAM-1, and 0.938 for combined detection. Conclusions:Serum levels of Apo B/A1, MAP1-LC3 and ICAM-1 within 24 h after admission are significantly correlated with the severity of AP, which has clinical significance for early prediction of the severity of AP.

Targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoproteins improve deep penetration and cancer cells accessibility in solid tumor

The limited penetration of nanoparticles and their poor accessibility to cancer cell fractions in tumor remain essential challenges for effective anticancer therapy. Herein, we designed a targeting peptide-decorated biomimetic lipoprotein (termed as BL-RD) to enable their deep penetration and efficient accessibility to cancer cell fractions in a tumor, thereby improving the combinational chemo-photodynamic therapy of triple negative breast cancer. BL-RD was composed of phospholipids, apolipoprotein A1 mimetic peptide (PK22), targeting peptide-conjugated cytotoxic mertansine (RM) and photodynamic agents of DiIC18(5) (DiD). The counterpart biomimetic lipoprotein system without RM (termed as BL-D) was fabricated as control. Both BL-D and BL-RD were nanometer-sized particles with a mean diameter of less than 30 nm and could be efficiently internalized by cancer cells. After intravenous injection, they can be specifically accumulated at tumor sites. When comparing to the counterpart BL-D, BL-RD displayed superior capability to permeate across the tumor mass, extravasate from tumor vasculature to distant regions and efficiently access the cancer cell fractions in a solid tumor, thus producing noticeable depression of the tumor growth. Taken together, BL-RD can be a promising delivery nanoplatform with prominent tumor-penetrating and cancer cells-accessing capability for effective tumor therapy.

Relationship between Serum Lipid Levels and Parkinson's Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the relationship between serum lipids and Parkinson's disease, and its predictive value for Parkinson's disease. Methods:From January, 2016 to November, 2018, 145 patients with Parkinson's disease and other 122 healthy subjects were selected. They were measured the various lipid indexes. Results:Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were less in the patients than in the controls (t > 2.089, P < 0.05). ApoA1 was an independent protective factor from Logistic regression (OR = 0.081, P < 0.01). The most optimal cut-off threshold of ApoA1 was 1.38 mmol/L, with the sensitivity of 0.72 and the specificity of 0.68. Conclusion:The lipid decreased in patients with Parkinson's disease. Low ApoA1 may be a potential independent risk factor for Parkinson's disease, which may be a predictor for it.

Relationship between serum apolipoprotein A-1 level and severity of trauma in patients with trauma / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between serum apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) level and severity of trauma in patients with trauma.@*Methods@#Data of 138 trauma patients admitted by EICU from October 2017 to April 2018 in the Acute Trauma Emergency Center of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University were collected retrospectively. Gender, age, admission time, trauma mechanism, and injury severity score (ISS) were recorded, and serum apoA-1 level was measured and recorded within 24 h after injury. Patients were divided into three groups according to the ISS score: the light injury group (47 cases, ISS < 16), the serious injury group (45 cases, 16 ≤ISS < 25), and the critical injury group (46 cases, ISS ≥ 25). The correlation between serum apoA-1 level and ISS score was verified by adopting Pearson correlation analyses, and the differences in serum lipoprotein A level within 24 h after injury were compared among 3 groups by one-way ANOVA.@*Results@#Serum apoA-1 level was negatively correlated with ISS score (r=-0.307, P<0.01). There was significant difference in serum apoA-1 level between different trauma groups (F=8.864, P<0.01), among which the difference between the light injury group and critical injury group was the largest (P<0.01). The level of serum apoA-1 in the critical injury group was lower than that in the light injury group (P<0.01) and the serious injury group (P=0.038), while the level of serum apoA-1 in the serious injury group was lower than that in the light injury group (P=0.040).@*Conclusions@#Early serum apoA-1 level in patients with trauma is closely related to the severity of trauma and may be a better indicator to evaluate the prognosis of patients with trauma.

Effects of atorvastatin on expression of lipid metabolism- related genes in HepG2 cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the effects of atorvastatin on the natural antisense transcription of apolipoprotein A1 (apoAl-NAT) in the HepG cells and its influence in the expressions of lipid metabolism related genes. Methods: The HepG cells were intervened with different concentrations (0, 1, 10 and 100 nmol • L-1 ) of atorvastatin, and the 0 nmol • L-1 atorvastatin group was used as control group. The total RNA of HepG cells in various groups were extracted at different time points (6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and apoAl-NAT expression levels were detected by Real-Time PCR method. Results: The morphology of HepG cells in 1 and 10 nmol • L-1 atorvastain groups was normal. Compared with 6 h, the expression levels of apoAl-NAT in the HepG cells in 10 nmol • L atorvastatin group at 12, 24 and 48 h were significantly decreased (P

Relationship between serum apolipoprotein A-1 level and severity of trauma in patients with trauma / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between serum apolipoprotein A-1 (apoA-1) level and severity of trauma in patients with trauma.Methods Data of 138 trauma patients admitted by EICU from October 2017 to April 2018 in the Acute Trauma Emergency Center of the Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University were collected retrospectively. Gender, age, admission time, trauma mechanism, and injury severity score (ISS) were recorded, and serum apoA-1 level was measured and recorded within 24 h after injury. Patients were divided into three groups according to the ISS score: the light injury group (47 cases, ISS < 16), the serious injury group (45 cases, 16≤ISS < 25), and the critical injury group (46 cases, ISS≥ 25). The correlation between serum apoA-1 level and ISS score was verified by adopting Pearson correlation analyses, and the differences in serum lipoprotein A level within 24 h after injury were compared among 3 groups by one-way ANOVA. Results Serum apoA-1 level was negatively correlated with ISS score (r=-0.307,P<0.01). There was significant difference in serum apoA-1 level between different trauma groups (F=8.864,P<0.01), among which the difference between the light injury group and critical injury group was the largest (P<0.01). The level of serum apoA-1 in the critical injury group was lower than that in the light injury group (P<0.01) and the serious injury group (P=0.038), while the level of serum apoA-1 in the serious injury group was lower than that in the light injury group (P=0.040).Conclusions Early serum apoA-1 level in patients with trauma is closely related to the severity of trauma and may be a better indicator to evaluate the prognosis of patients with trauma.

Effects of atorvastatin on expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in HepG2 cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective:To explore the effects of atorvastatin on the natural antisense transcription of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1-NAT) in the HepG2cells and its influence in the expressions of lipid metabolism related genes.Methods:The HepG2cells were intervened with different concentrations (0, 1, 10and 100nmol·L-1) of atorvastatin, and the 0nmol·L-1 atorvastatin group was used as control group.The total RNA of HepG2cells in various groups were extracted at different time points (6, 12, 24, and 48h) .The mRNA expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and apoA1-NAT expression levels were detected by Real-Time PCR method.Results:The morphology of HepG2 cells in 1and 10nmol·L-1 atorvastain groups was normal.Compared with 6h, the expression levels of apoA1-NAT in the HepG2cells in 10nmol·L-1 atorvastatin group at 12, 24and 48hwere significantly decreased (P＜0.01) in a time-dependent manner.Under the same condition, the expression level of apoA1mRNA in the HepG2cells at 48hwas increased significantly compared with 6h (P＜0.01) .Compared with control group, the expression levels of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in the HepG2 cells in100nmol·L-1 atorvastatin group, scavenger receptor-class B type 1 (SRB1) in 10nmol·L-1 atorvastatin group and ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in 1and 10nmol·L-1 atorvastatin groups were increased (P＜0.01) in different degrees.Conclusion:Atorvastatin can promote the expressions of lipid metabolism-related genes by inhibiting the expression of apoA1-NAT, and promote the process of reverse cholesterol transport.

Marcadores de fase aguda en niños y adolescentes obesos con trastornos metabólicos / Acute phase markers in obese children and adolescents with metabolic disorders

Introducción. La obesidad es un problema de salud pública mundial y la enfermedad crónica no transmisible más frecuente. Se asocia con la elevación de proteínas inflamatorias de fase aguda y citocinas proinflamatorias. Objetivo. Evaluar los niveles de proteínas de fase aguda en niños y adolescentes obesos con esteatosis hepática y síndrome agudo metabólico. Metodología. Se incluyeron 45 niños con índice de masa corporal ≥ percentil 95, de edades entre 5,0 y 15,5 años. Se determinaron reactantes de fase aguda: proteína C reactiva, haptoglobina, a-2 macroglobulina y apolipoproteína A-1, y se realizó una ecografía para evaluar la esteatosis hepática. Resultados. Todos los pacientes mostraron una elevación de proteína C reactiva. Los pacientes con síndrome metabólico también tuvieron un incremento en la apolipoproteína A-1 y la haptoglobina. Los pacientes con esteatosis hepática tuvieron un aumento significativo en la a-2 macroglobulina además de la protenína C reactiva.

Introduction. Obesity is a worldwide public health problem and the most common non-communicable chronic disease. It is associated with an increase in inflammatory acute phase proteins and proinflammatory cytokines. Objective. To assess the levels of acute phase proteins in obese children and adolescents with hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome. Methodology. Forty-five children with a body mass index ≥ 95th percentile aged 5.0-15.5 years were included. The following acute phase reactants were determined: C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, and apolipoprotein A-1; besides, an ultrasound was done to assess hepatic steatosis. Results. C-reactive protein levels increased in all patients. Patients with metabolic syndrome also had high levels of apolipoprotein A-1 and haptoglobin. Patients with hepatic steatosis had a significant increase in alpha-2-macroglobulin in addition to high C-reactive protein.

Clinical significance of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 ratio detection for patients with polycystic ovary syndrome combined with metabolic syndrome / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical significance of apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein A1 ratio (ApoB/ApoA1) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) combined metabolic syndrome (MS),by detecting the level of ApoB and ApoA1 in patients' serum.Methods 160 patients with PCOS were selected in our hospital from Jan.2014 to Dec.2015,and they were divided into MS group and non-MS group according to the diagnostic criteria of MS.The anthropometric measurements,endocrine markers,glucose and lipid metabolism indexes of patients in the two groups were measured and compared.Correlation of ApoB/ApoA 1 ratio and components of MS were analyzed,respectively.Relationship between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the number of abnormal components in MS were also investigated.Results Significant difference was found in the levels of ApoB ((1.01±0.34) g/L) and ApoA1((1.15±0.29) g/L) between MS group and non-MS group (P＜0.05),and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in MS group was obviously higher than that in non-MS group (P＜0.05).ApoB/ApoAl ratio was positively correlated with BMI,waist circumference (WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),high triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C),respectively,and it was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL-C)(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant correlation between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the age,fasting insulin (FINS),as well as the total cholesterol (TC) (P＞0.05).Moreover,ApoB/ApoA1 ratio increased with increase in the number of abnormal components (P＜0.05).Conclusion ApoB/ApoA1 ratio is closely related to the components of MS,and it may have important clinical significance for diagnosis of PCOS combined MS and preventing long-term complications of PCOS.

Clinical Value of Serum Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) Detection in HBV-related Liver Cancer / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of serum apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) detection in HBV-related liver cancer.Methods Totally 362 cases of patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled from January 2010 to December 2014 in our hospital,including 88 cases of chronic hepatitis B,94 cases of HBV-related liver cirhosis,18 cases of HBV-related liver cancer (without cirrhosis) and 162 cases of liver cirrhosis merged cancer.At the same time,45 cases of healthy people were selected for normal control.The serum Apo A-1,AFP and other laboratory markers were detected,and the test results were statistically analyzed.Results The difference of Serum Apo A-1 and AFP levels in all groups was statistically significant (F =29.86,x2 =112.53,P =0.000).As the disease progressed,the serum levels of Apo A-1 gradually decreased (P ＜ 0.05).But the difference of Apo A-1 level between normal control and HBV-related liver cancer group (without cirrhosis),chronic hepatitis B and liver cirrhosis merged cancer group,liver cirrhosis and liver cirrhosis merged cancer group was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).The liver cancer patients with Child-Pugh score A,B,C had different serum Apo A-1 levels (all P ＜ 0.05);The serum Apo A-1 level of liver cancer patients with Child-Pugh score A was significantly higher than that of liver cirrhosis (t =-3.02,P =0.003),but the differences of serum Apo A-1 levels between liver cancer and liver cirrhosis patients with Child-Pugh score B and C were not statistically significant (t =0.52,1.19,P =0.610,0.240).The serum Apo A-1 levels of liver cancer patients with TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly higher than those with TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ (t =3.85,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The serum Apo A-1 levels of HBV-related liver cancer patients are related with cirrhosis,Child-Pugh score and TNM stage,and the liver reserve function,the body's stress response and many other factors may contribute to the expression of serum Apo A-1.

Admission levels of high-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-1 are associated with the neurologic outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA1), after the return of spontaneous circulation, can predict the neurologic outcome in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in a single tertiary hospital intensive care unit. All adult OHCA survivors with admission lipid profiles were enrolled from March 2013 to December 2015. Good neurologic outcome was defined as discharge cerebral performance categories 1 and 2. RESULTS: Among 59 patients enrolled, 13 (22.0%) had a good neurologic outcome. Serum levels of HDL (56.7 vs. 40 mg/dL) and ApoA1 (117 vs. 91.6 mg/dL) were significantly higher in patients with a good outcome. Areas under the HDL and ApoA1 receiver operating curves to predict good outcomes were 0.799 and 0.759, respectively. The proportion of good outcome was significantly higher in patients in higher tertiles of HDL and ApoA1 (test for trend, both P=0.003). HDL (P=0.018) was an independent predictor in the multivariate logistic regression model. CONCLUSION: Admission levels of HDL and ApoA1 are associated with neurologic outcome in patients with OHCA. Prognostic and potential therapeutic values of HDL and ApoA1 merit further evaluation in the post-cardiac arrest state, as in other systemic inflammatory conditions such as sepsis.

Apolipoprotein A1 Inhibits TGF-β1-Induced Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition of Alveolar Epithelial Cells / 결핵및호흡기질환

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal lung disease characterized by the accumulation of excessive fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the extracellular matrix. The transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is thought to be a possible source of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts in IPF lungs. We have previously reported that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) has anti-fibrotic activity in experimental lung fibrosis. In this study, we determine whether ApoA1 modulates TGF-β1-induced EMT in experimental lung fibrosis and clarify its mechanism of action. METHODS: The A549 alveolar epithelial cell line was treated with TGF-β1 with or without ApoA1. Morphological changes and expression of EMT-related markers, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and α-smooth muscle actin were evaluated. Expressions of Smad and non-Smad mediators and TGF-β1 receptor type 1 (TβRI) and type 2 (TβRII) were measured. The silica-induced lung fibrosis model was established using ApoA1 overexpressing transgenic mice. RESULTS: TGF-β1-treated A549 cells were changed to the mesenchymal morphology with less E-cadherin and more N-cadherin expression. The addition of ApoA1 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced change of the EMT phenotype. ApoA1 inhibited the TGF-β1-induced increase in the phosphorylation of Smad2 and 3 as well as that of ERK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediators. In addition, ApoA1 reduced the TGF-β1-induced increase in TβRI and TβRII expression. In a mouse model of silica-induced lung fibrosis, ApoA1 overexpression reduced the silica-mediated effects, which were increased N-cadherin and decreased E-cadherin expression in the alveolar epithelium. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that ApoA1 inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in experimental lung fibrosis.

Analysis on detection results of blood lipid and proinsulin related indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the detection results of blood fat and proinsulin related indicators in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) and to investigate the means for improving the patients′ clinical indicators .Methods 57 patients with T2DM in our hospital from February 2013 to February 2015 were divided into the research group ( ≥ 15 .6 mIU /L ,29 cases) and the control group (< 15 .6 mIU /L ,28 cases) according to the proinsulin level .All the cases took glucose ,at the same time the cor‐relation between the blood fat indexes with serum true insulin ,proinsulin and insulin resistance index of steady state insulin assess‐ment model was analyzed .Results Proinsulin ,serum true insulin ,2 h postprandial proinsulin ,2 h postprandial serum true insulin , insulin resistance index of steady state insulin assessment model all had correlation with and apolipoprotein B /apolipoprotein A1 . Conclusion The proinsulin level in the patients with T 2DM is increased ,thus the ratio of apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A1 will be accordingly increased .

C-reactive Protein Level, Apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 Ratio, and Risks of Ischemic Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease among Inner Mongolians in China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>We aimed to investigate the cumulative effect of high CRP level and apolipoprotein B-to-apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoB/ApoA-1) ratio on the incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) or coronary heart disease (CHD) in a Mongolian population in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2003 to July 2012, 2589 Mongolian participants were followed up for IS and CHD events based on baseline investigation. All the participants were divided into four subgroups according to C-reactive protein (CRP) level and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the IS and CHD events in all the subgroups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The HRs (95% CI) for IS and CHD were 1.33 (0.84-2.12), 1.14 (0.69-1.88), and 1.91 (1.17-3.11) in the 'low CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1', 'high CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1', and 'high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroups, respectively, in comparison with the 'low CRP level with low ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup. The risks of IS and CHD events was highest in the 'high CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1' subgroup, with statistical significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High CRP level with high ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was associated with the highest risks of IS and CHD in the Mongolian population. This study suggests that the combination of high CRP and ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio may improve the assessment of future risk of developing IS and CHD in the general population.</p>

Lipid metabolism abnormality among patients with schizophrenia and effect of antipsychotics withdrawal on it / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To preliminarily explore the possible profile of lipid metabolism abnormality and the effect of antipsychotics withdrawal on lipid metabolism of patients with schizophrenia.Methods All 131 in-patients with schizophrenia,admitted to our hospital firom October 2009 to October 2012,were chosen and divided into three groups:drug-naive first-episode patients (group A,n=70),patients with continuous antipsychotics administration (group B,n=33) and patients with antipsychotics withdrawal for at least three months (group C,n=28); positive and negative syndrome scale was used to assess the psychopathological symptoms.Other 44 healthy adults were enrolled into the clinic research as controls (group D).At baseline,the demographic characteristics were collected.The weight,height,waist circumference,hipline,and plasma fasting lipid levels were tested at admission.The blood lipid profiles in patients from groups A and D were compared to explore the lipid metabolism abnormality.The blood lipid profiles in patients from groups A,B and C were compared to explore the effects from antipsychotics withdrawal on lipid metabolism of patients with schizophrenia.Results The fasting plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein A1 (aPOA1) in group A ([1.29±0.26] mmol/L and [1.20±0.22] g/L) were significantly lower than those of groupD ([1.58±0.31] mmol/Land [1.40±0.20] g/L,P＜0.05).The body mass index (BMI),waist circumference,and waist-hip ratio in group B ([23.09±3.92] kg/m2,[81.87±9.35] cm and [0.89±0.06]) were significantly higher than those of group A ([19.63±2.53] kg/m2,[70.42±7.63] cm and [0.82±0.06]); the HDL-C level in group B ([1.09±0.24] mmol/L) was statistically lower than that of group A ([1.29± 0.26] mmol/L,P＜0.05).The BMI and waist circumference in group C ([22.28±4.19] kg/m2 and [78.92± 10.94] cm) were larger than those of group A ([19.63±2.53] kg/m2 and [70.42±7.63] cm),and the fasting plasma HDL-C level in group C ([1.12±0.29] mmol/L) was lower than that of group A ([1.29±0.26] mmol/L) with significantly differences (P＜0.05).No significant difference of lipid profile was found between group C and B (P＞0.05).The multiple regression analysis showed that fasting plasma HDL-C level of patients with schizophrenia was negatively correlated with waist circumference (B=-0.670,t=-4.909,P=0.000),and positively correlated with aPOA1 level (B=0.713,t=13.137,P=0.000).Conclusions The possible profile of lipid metabolism abnormality in patients with schizophrenia is shown as the descending of HDL-C level and aPOA1.Antipsychotics discontinuation cannot reverse the abnormal lipid profile in patients with schizophrenia.

Research on the determination of cholesterol efflux from foam cells mediated by apoA-1 using HPLC analysis / 重庆医学

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determining the choles‐terol efflux from macrophage‐derived foam cells mediated by apolipoprotein A‐1(apoA‐1) .Methods Human THP‐1 monocytic cells ,pre‐treated with 160 nmol/L phorbol‐12‐myristate acetate (PMA) for 24 h to differentiate into adherence macrophages ,then incubated with 50 μg/mL acetylated low density lipoprotein (ac‐LDL) for 48 h to induce foam cells formation ,then added apoA‐1 for 24 h .THP‐1‐derived macrophage foam cells were identified by oil red O‐staining ,and the cellular cholesterol content by meas‐ured by HPLC method .Cholesterol efflux from macrophage foam cells was determined by HPLC analysis and liquid scintillation counting ,respectively .Results Oil red O‐stainable lipid droplet accumulation were observed in entire cytoplasm of THP‐1‐derived macrophage foam cells .Measuring cellular cholesterol content showed that free cholesterol ,total cholesterol and cholesterol ester content in macrophage foam cells were increased remarkably than PMA group macrophages (P<0 .01) .After treated with ac‐LDL for 48 h ,the macrophage foam cells accumulated 80 .25 μg/mg cell protein and 47 .65 μg/mg cell protein respectively ,and the cho‐lesterol ester accounted for 59 .38% of the cellular total cholesterol (P<0 .01) .The ratio of cholesterol efflux reached 5 .63% and 7 .08% respectively by HPLC analysis and liquid scintillation counting using apoA‐1 mediation (P<0 .01) .Conclusion Combina‐tion of an enzymatic catalysis and HPLC method for determining cholesterol efflux from foam cells is successfully established in this study , thus providing a technical foundation for the further study of cellular lipid homeostasis .

Effects of genetic polymorphisms of apolipoprotein A1 on serum HDL cholesterol level in postmenopausal Korean women / 동물의과학연구지

Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) is the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in blood, and ApoA1 genetic polymorphisms modulate the blood lipid profiles. This study was conducted in order to investigate the association between three genetic polymorphisms (rs670, rs5069, and rs5070) of ApoA1 and blood lipid profiles in postmenopausal Korean women. A total of 130 postmenopausal women who visited a hospital in order to undergo screening tests were subjects of this study. Genetic polymporphisms and blood lipid profiles were determined using a direct sequencing and spectrophotometric assay, respectively. A significant linkage disequilibrium was observed between all tested single nucleotide polymorphisms. ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism showed a marginally significant association with HDL cholesterol levels (p=0.066). After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol drinking, medication, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, we found that the ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism is a significant determinant of HDL cholesterol levels (beta=4.421, p=0.037). According to the results of this study, ApoA1 rs5070 genetic polymorphism may be an important genetic marker associated with HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal Korean women.

Effects of rosuvastatain on apolipoprotein A1 and B of patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中国综合临床

Objective To observe the effect of Rosuvastatin on apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1),apolipoprotein B(Apo B) and Apo B/Apo A1 patients with acute coronary syndrome.Methods One hundred and fifty hospitalized patients with acute coronary syndrome were randomly divided into three groups,A group (Rosuvastatain,5 mg/d),B group (Rosuvastatain,10 mg/d),and C group (Simvastatin,20 mg/d).Before and at 4,8 weeks after treatments tested the three groups' cholesterol (TC),glycerin(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),Apo A1,Apo B.Compare the blood lipids aforementioned before and after treatments in three groups.Results (1) After treatments for 4 weeks,TC,LDLC in three groups are significant lower than before (P ＜ 0.05).After treatments for 8 weeks,TC,LDL-C,Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1 of three groups are lower than before and HDL-C 、Apo A1 is higher than before (P ＜ 0.05).(2)After treatments for 8 weeks,comparing to A and C groups,TC,LDL-C,Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1 in B group were lower while HDL-C、Apo A1 were higher (P ＜ 0.05).(3)The incidences of liver damage has no significant differences among three groups (x2 =1.25,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Effects of 10 mg/d rosuvastatain were better than 5 mg/d rosuvastatain and 20 mg/d simvastatin in increasing Apo A1 and decreasing Apo B,Apo B/Apo A1,and then effectively control of ACS.

Correlation of ApoB/ApoA1 with diabetic nephropathy

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication and is the leading cause of diabetes related morbidity, mortality and important cause of end-stage kidney disease. Both microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Evidence has been accumulating from clinical trials that assessing the levels of apolipoprotein B (ApoB), a constituent of atherogenic lipoproteins: ApoA1, a component of anti-atherogenic high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio will provide better prediction of future cardiovascular events than measuring serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels. There is paucity of published data linking ApoB/ApoA1 ratio to diabetic nephropathy especially from developing countries, hence this study was carried out. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, CSM Medical University, Lucknow between August 2009 and July 2010. Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) attending the Diabetic and Medical Out-Patient clinics or who were admitted to the medical wards of Gandhi Memorial and Association Hospital CSM University, Lucknow were included. One hundred patients were enrolled; 64 of those were cases (Micro- and Macroalbuminuria groups) and 36 without nephropathy (Normoalbuminuria) were controls. The cut-off value for higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio for male was 0.97 and for female was 0.86. Results: Older age, durations and control of DM were significantly correlated with degree of albuminuria. Fifty-six patients (56%) had raised ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, 19.4% in the Normoalbuminuria group (n=7/36), 71.4% in the Microalbuminuria group (n=30/42), and 86.4% in the Macroalbuminuria group (n=19/22). There were no statistical differences in the mean total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides among the groups. Conclusion: In our study higher ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was significantly correlated with diabetic nephropathy.