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A ansiedade é uma reação do organismo, considerada como uma emoção de alarme que se encontra associada a sensações de angústia medo. O atendimento em odontopediatria é rodeado de desafios, sendo necessária a preparação psicológica da criança pelo cirurgião dentista, seus assistentes e os responsáveis pelo paciente. A presente revisão de literatura teve como objetivo relatar as principais técnicas de manejo comportamental para facilitar a colaboração da criança com o tratamento odontológico. Esta é uma revisão narrativa da literatura realizada através do levantamento bibliográfico utilizando os descritores Odontopediatria; Comportamento infantil; Manejo comportamental nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACS e SciELO. Foram encontrados artigos nas línguas portuguesa e inglesa, entre o período de 2010 e 2020. As técnicas de manejo de comportamento são mecanismos disponíveis para o cirurgião-dentista. A escolha do método deve levar em consideração o estágio de desenvolvimento da criança, e efetividade do método e aceitação dos pais. Normalmente a técnica mais utilizada é o controle pela voz, falar-mostrar-fazer e distração, sendo esses dois últimos mais aceitos pelos pais, e o método com maior rejeição é o mão-sobre-a-boca. Para obter a colaboração das crianças durante os procedimentos odontológicos, é necessário o profissional conhecer e respeitar cada fase do desenvolvimento da criança e aplicar cada técnica de acordo com a necessidade individual do paciente e adequada a cada situação.
Anxiety is a reaction of the body, considered as an alarm emotion that is associated with feelings of fear anguish. The care in pediatric dentistry is surrounded by challenges, being necessary the psychological preparation of the child by the dentist, his assistants and those responsible for the patient. This literature review aimed to report the main behavioral management techniques to facilitate the collaboration of the child with dental treatment. This is a narrative review of the literature performed through the bibliographic survey using the descriptors Pediatric Dentistry; Childish behaviour; Behavioral management in PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases. Articles were found in Portuguese and English between 2010 and 2020. Behavior management techniques are mechanisms available to the dentist. The choice of method should consider the stage of development of the child, and effectiveness of the method and acceptance of parents. Usually, the most used technique is voice control, talk-show-do and distraction, the latter two being more accepted by parents, and the method with greater rejection is hand-over-the-mouth. In order to obtain the collaboration of children during dental procedures, it is necessary for the professional to know and respect each phase of the child's development and apply each technique according to the individual needs of the patient and appropriate to each situation.
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Objective:To observe the effects of modified Xuanfuhua Decoction on pain behaviour and spinal cord neuroinflammation mediated by phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (p38MAPK) signaling pathway in rats with sciatic nerve injury; To analyse the mechanism of its effects.Methods:Totally 108 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group, model group, pregabalin group, decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups, with 18 rats in each group. The CCI model was established by ligation of sciatic nerve in other groups except sham-operation group. On the postoperative day, the decoction low-, medium-, high-dosage groups were gavaged with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 g/kg of modified Xuanfuhua Decoction concentrate, respectively. The pregabalin group was gavaged with 15 mg/kg of pregabalin. The sham-operation group and the model group were gavaged with equal amounts of saline once/d for 15 days. Pain behavioural assays were performed before, on the 3rd, 7th, 11th and 15th day of administration respectively. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10 were detected by ELISA method. The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65) were detected by immunohistochemistry staining. The phosphorylated p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) were measured in the spinal cord by Western blot.Results:Compared with the model group, the scores of spontaneous pain in decoction high-dosage group decreased ( P<0.05), the thermal foot shrinkage latency (TWL) was prolonged ( P<0.05), and the mechanical foot shrinkage reflex threshold (MWT) increased ( P<0.05); the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in spinal cord tissue of decoction low-, medium- and high-dosage groups decreased ( P<0.05), the level of IL-10 increased ( P<0.05), the average gray values of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 in spinal cord decreased ( P<0.05), and the expression of P-P38MAPK protein decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Modified Xuanfuhua Decoction can effectively improve neurogenic pain in CCI rats, and the mechanism may be related to inhibition of p38MAPK-TLR4 signaling pathway activation-mediated spinal cord neuroinflammation.
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Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor and the relevant differential diagnosis.Methods HE and immunohistochemical staining were performed on 26 samples of isolated fibrous tumors outside the pleura,and a comprehensive analysis was conducted based on the clinical and imaging data.Results The histological morphology of isolated fibrous tumors was diverse,with typical cases showing the irregular arrangement of oval or spindle shaped cells.In the stroma,thick collagen bands,antler like blood vessels,and peritubular transparent degeneration could be seen.The immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the positive rates of STAT-6、CD34、Bcl-2、CD99、SMA were 96.2% 、92.3% 、92.3% 、76.9% and 26.9%,respectively.Conclusion SFT commonly occurs in the pleura and can also occur in other areas.Its histological characteristics and immunohistochemical phenotype help to clarify the diagnosis.However,when it occurs in uncommon anatomical sites,it is necessary to carefully and meticulously distinguish and comprehensively judge the clinical prognosis of key diseases that need to be distinguished or excluded..
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Objective To explore the influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury behavior and motivation in adult patients with depression.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 120 adult patients with depression admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to June 2023 as the research objects.The clinical information of the patients was collected,and their loneliness,frustration and self-injury motivation were evaluated.The influencing factors of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI)behavior and motivation were statistically analyzed.Results Age,ULS-8 score,DS score,marital status and employment status were the influencing factors of NSSI in adult patients with depression(P<0.05).ULS-8 score,DS score,marital status(widowed/divorced)and employment status were independent risk factors for NSSI in adult patients with depression(P<0.05).The ULS-8 score was an independent risk factor for patients with'emotion regulation'as NSSI motivation.Age,DS score and employment(unemployment)were independent risk factors for patients with'interpersonal boundary'as NSSI moti-vation(P<0.05).Conclusion There are many influencing factors of NSSI and NSSI motivation in adult depres-sion patients,and the influencing factors of different NSSI motivations are different.Clinically,the main motivation and related influencing factors of patients implementing NSSI should be clarified through detailed investigation,so as to facilitate the development of targeted intervention strategies for patients.
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@#Introduction: COVID-19 lockdown has been linked to alterations in eating behaviour and a sedentary lifestyle. As human-to-human transmission rapidly increased, the Movement Control Order (MCO) was put in place as an attempt to minimise the risk of the virus spreading in the community. This study aimed to determine whether eating behaviour was associated with sleep quality and physical activity among college students in Malaysia during MCO. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among Malaysian students aged between 20 to 34 years old. A simple random sampling method was applied and the participants had to complete an online survey consisting of a validated Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form (IPAQ-SF), distributed via an online platform. Results: A total of 370 students participated, with 22.4% emotional eaters, 58.6% external eaters, and 23.0% restrained eaters. In addition, 64.3% had poor sleep quality, while 57.6% claimed to be physically active. However, no correlations were found between all eating behaviour subscales with sleep quality and physical activity. Conclusion: More than half of college students presented with external eating behaviours. Early screening and further investigations should be done, especially with the high rate of poor sleepers, to promote and sustain a healthy lifestyle during and beyond COVID-19.
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Objective To identify and analyze the key factors affecting the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services by taking the smart medical system of a top-three hospital as an example,so as to provide a basis for promoting the use of smart medical services for elderly patients and the age-appropriate transformation of smart medical services.Methods The factors influencing the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services were analyzed,and correlation analysis of factors influencing the use behaviour of elderly patients with smart medical services were analyzed by DEMATEL method.Results The centrality and causation of all influencing factors were calculated,and the key influencing factors affecting the use behavior of elderly patients with smart medical services were identified.Among them,the main factors of reason degree are the hospital's willingness to adapt to aging transformation,the influence of key population and relevant national policy support,and the main factor of center degree is the perceived cost of patients.Conclusion The perceived cost of elderly patients can be reduced by improving the smart medical service,enhancing the health information literacy of elderly patients and giving full play to the social support effect,so as to promote the use behavior of elderly patients'smart medical services.
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@#The phenomenon of depression has been a major concern recently, both nationally and globally. Depression is a disorder that involves changes in thoughts, emotions, feelings, and behaviours that make a person’s daily life difficult, and if left untreated, can adversely affect individuals and society. Depression among adolescents certainly deserves attention as this group is considered as an asset that will drive the country in the future. In terms of methodology, PubMed, Science direct, and Google Scholar search engines were used which focused on psychological theories related to adolescent depression. In addition, the search also focuses on Cognitive Approach or more precisely, about Cognitive Behaviour Theory (CBT). Over the past few decades, Cognitive Behaviour Theory (CBT) has been proven to be the most dominant theory in psychological studies including depression in adolescents. As a result, it is found that, under the CBT group, Learned Helplessness Theory and Beck’s Cognitive Behaviour Theory were the two most widely discussed on the concept of depression to date. Therefore, this article will discuss the background and the concept of these theories in describing depression. However, Beck’s CBT has been selected as the most appropriate theory in discussing depression in adolescents because this theory is able to explain this issue further and in detail, in addition to having an extensive amount of research showing the effectiveness of Beck’s CBT in helping adolescents with depression compared to Learned Helplessness Theory.
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Abstract This article aims to identify the association of sociodemographic factors and lifestyle behaviours with bullying perpetration and victimization among high school students. The adolescents (n=852) answered a questionnaire about bullying (victims and perpetrators), sociodemographic factors (sex, age, maternal education, and participant's work status), tobacco use, alcohol use, illicit drug experimentation, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration. Multilevel logistic regression models were performed. Older adolescents were less likely to be victims of bullying. Females were less likely to be perpetrators or victims of bullying. Adolescents who were working were more likely to be involved in bullying in both forms. Participation in non-sport activities and alcohol consumption were associated with higher odds of bullying victimization. We have identified specific populational subgroups that are more susceptible to being victims and/or perpetrators of bullying, which could support tailor-specific interventions to prevent bullying.
Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é identificar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentos de estilo de vida com a perpetração do bullying e da vitimização entre os alunos do ensino médio. Os adolescentes (n=852) responderam a um questionário sobre bullying (vítimas e perpetradores), fatores sociodemográficos (sexo, idade, educação materna e status profissional dos participantes), uso de tabaco, uso de álcool, experimentação de drogas ilícitas, atividade física, tempo de tela e duração do sono. Modelos de regressão logística multinível foram realizados. Os adolescentes mais velhos eram menos propensos a serem vítimas de bullying. As mulheres tinham menos probabilidade de serem perpetradoras ou vítimas de bullying. Os adolescentes que estavam trabalhando tinham maior probabilidade de estarem envolvidos em bullying em ambas as formas. A participação em atividades não esportivas e o consumo de álcool estavam associados a maiores probabilidades de vitimização por bullying. Identificamos subgrupos populacionais específicos que são mais suscetíveis a serem vítimas e/ou perpetradores de bullying, o que poderia apoiar intervenções específicas sob medida para evitar o bullying.
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Introducción: La sexualidad y la salud sexual de las personas adultas mayores es una dimensión invisible en la prestación de los servicios de salud. Debido a esto, es importante conocer las percepciones y dificultades del personal de salud para brindar esta atención. Objetivo: Identificar diferencias y similitudes en la percepción que tienen los proveedores de servicios de salud en Colombia sobre la sexualidad y la salud sexual en el adulto mayor. Metodología: Se realizaron 5 grupos focales en Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali y Medellín donde participaron 19 profesionales de la salud de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva. Resultados: Los profesionales de la salud reconocen la sexualidad como un aspecto importante en la prestación de los servicios de salud en las personas mayores, a pesar de la invisibilidad actual del tema en la atención médica. Reconocen la complejidad de hablar sobre sexualidad en la interacción médico-paciente, en parte por la falta de entrenamiento de los profesionales de la salud y por las propias inhibiciones de los pacientes. Discusión: Persisten obstáculos sociales y teóricos para abordar los temas de sexualidad en consulta, al igual que diferencias de género para el tratamiento de temas de sexualidad y salud sexual. Conclusiones: Los prestadores de servicios de salud son claves para remover barreras a la atención, acompañamiento y comprensión de la salud sexual y la sexualidad de las personas mayores.
Introduction: The sexuality and sexual health of older people is an invisible dimension in the provision of health services. Therefore, it is important to know the perceptions and difficulties of health personnel to provide this care. Objective: To identify differences and similarities in the perception that health service providers in Colombia have about sexuality and sexual health in the elderly. Methodology: A total of 5 focus groups were held in Bogotá, Barranquilla, Cali and Medellín with the participation of 19 health professionals from an institution that provides sexual and reproductive health services. Results: Health professionals recognize sexuality as an important aspect in the provision of health services in the elderly, despite the current invisibility of the issue in medical care. They recognize the complexity of talking about sexuality in the doctor-patient interaction, partly due to the lack of training of health professionals, and due to the patients' own inhibitions. Discussion: Social and theoretical obstacles persist to address sexuality issues in consultation, as well as gender differences for the treatment of sexuality and sexual health issues. Conclusions: Health service providers are key to removing barriers to care, accompaniment and understanding of the sexual health and sexuality of the elderly.
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Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.
Introducción: Este trabajo supone el primer intento de obtener evidencias de validez de un cuestionario de intención emprendedora en adolescentes en un país de Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Tiene como objetivos reportar la estructura interna, fiabilidad, validez externa y probar la invarianza de género del Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora en su adaptación para adolescentes. Método: La muestra está formada por 708 adolescentes de República Dominicana con una media edad de 15.49, un 65.2% de mujeres y un 35.8% hombres. Los análisis incluyeron análisis factorial confirmatorio, resultados de Alfa de Cronbach y Omega para la fiabilidad, correlaciones y una rutina de invarianza por género. Finalmente se compararon las medias latentes de hombres y mujeres. Resultados: El análisis factorial mostró un buen ajuste a los datos y los resultados de fiabilidad fueron adecuados. Además, las correlaciones con la Escala de Actitudes Emprendedoras para Estudiantes fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas. También, se comprobó satisfactoriamente la invarianza estricta por género. Aunque los hombres presentaron mayor norma subjetiva, las mujeres mostraron una mayor intención emprendedora. Conclusiones: El Cuestionario de Intención Emprendedora muestra adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para que sea de utilidad en las investigaciones sobre la promoción del emprendimiento en etapas tempranas.
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Abstract Teacher-student interaction is a fundamental element in the training process at different educational levels (basic, technical, and professional) since it has a significant impact on academic performance, as well as on the socio-emotional areas of students and teachers. The objective of this article is to present a review of the main research topics of teacher-student interaction in recent years. The theoretical review was carried out in specialized databases and inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered. The results suggest that the main topics studied with respect to the teacher-student interaction can be classified into: the characteristics of the interaction, the effects of the interaction, and the influence on the interaction. Interaction characteristics: studies have focused on both general and specific aspects. Interaction effects: three large areas were found in which interaction effects arise, attitudes and behavior, academic development, and psychosocial risks. Influence on interaction: it arises from the influences of both the student and the teacher. This new and original classification of studies on teacher-student interaction can serve as a contribution to researchers and teachers to consider the various characteristics of the teacher-student relationship, as well as its influences on students and teachers, and some factors that can affect it. The limitations of the study and future lines of research are presented.
Resumen La interacción profesor-estudiante es un elemento fundamental en el proceso de formación en los diferentes niveles educativos (básico, técnico, profesional), ya que tiene un impacto significativo en el rendimiento académico, así como en las áreas socioemocionales de alumnos y docentes. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los principales temas de investigación de la interacción profesor-alumno en los últimos años. La revisión teórica se realizó en bases de datos especializadas y se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Los resultados sugieren que los principales temas estudiados con respecto a la interacción profesor-alumno se pueden clasificar en tres categorías: las características de la interacción, los efectos de la interacción y la influencia en la interacción. Características de la interacción: los estudios se han centrado tanto en aspectos generales como específicos. Efectos de interacción: se encontraron tres grandes áreas en las que surgen efectos de interacción: actitudes y comportamiento, desarrollo académico y riesgos psicosociales. Influencia en la interacción: surge de las influencias tanto del alumno como del profesor. Esta nueva y original clasificación de los estudios sobre la interacción profesor-alumno puede servir de aporte a los investigadores y profesores para tener en cuenta las diversas características de la relación profesor-alumno, así como sus influencias en alumnos y profesores, y algunos factores que pueden afectarla. Se presentan las limitaciones del estudio y futuras líneas de investigación.
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Every human being, from birth to death, is inevitably accompanied by the dominant emotion of fear. It starts when we perceive a physical or emotional threat to our life that poses a variety of risks. The customer was structurally exposed to the dread that is present in the possibility of impending infection, per the research findings at the period of "lockdown" (average score = 4.26; standard deviation = 0.865; relative standard deviation = 22.3%). Evidently, all people have a deep-seated dread of COVID-19 infection, which manifests as conscious and unconscious anxieties and phobias that influence purchases, but it can also be a helpful defence mechanism that prevents us from dying before our time. According to respondents, existential insecurity and imbalance are the root causes of fear during a pandemic (average score = 4.57, standard deviation = 1.41, and relative deviation = 21.8%). Additionally, fear was defined for the purposes of this study as an unpleasant, uncomfortable feeling related to a current or potential COVID-19 threat that increases intake in both men and women. Because the specific elements of the threat affect the emotional reaction, the perception of risk and danger, and the consumption of dietary supplements, it is crucial to consider the peculiarities of the threat of coronavirus infection. This is confirmed by the finding that 75% of respondents reported their use of dietary supplements has increased since the pandemic's beginning
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Background: Students play a significant role in delivering effective messages for better uptake of health pro-moting behaviour. Understanding factors that are associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake among students will help develop promising strategies in vaccine promotion of the pandemic. The present investigation was undertaken to look into psycho-social drivers of COVID-19 uptake among Indian students.Method: 587 students, aged 18-35 years participated in an online survey. Standardized measures targeting socio-demographic details, health anxiety, preventive health behaviour and constructs of health belief model were used for the present study. Results: The results showed that overall vaccine uptake among students was quite high with nearly 74% of the students reported being vaccinated against COVID-19. Factors like COVID-19 contact, level of education, belief in safety and efficacy of vaccine, social distancing, age, health worry and preoccupation were emerged as the significant drivers of COVID-19 vaccination behaviour increase the probability of vaccine uptake among students. Moreover, factors like Interference with life, Reassurance Seeking, irrational belief about preventive health measures and perceived barriers about vaccination had significant negative link with vaccination de-creasing the likelihood of vaccine uptake. Conclusion: Psychological and socio-demographic factors play vital role in the success of public health strate-gies of COVID-19 vaccine promotion in managing the pandemic.
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Introdução: padrões sexuais e reprodutivos são influenciados por fatores biopsicossociais. Dentre esses fatores, há a vulnerabilidade, conceito amplo, complexo e que determina maior atenção das políticas públicas. Objetivo: conhecer o perfil reprodutivo das mulheres que residem em uma área de alta vulnerabilidade na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Metodologia: descritivo, documental de caráter analítico observacional transversal. Coleta e análise de dados das Declarações de Nascidos Vivos (DNV) na Unidade de Saúde do Capanema e análise de dados públicos fornecidos pelo IBGE. Resultados: foram analisados 1199 DNVs, sendo 1011 mulheres com idades entre 13 e 49 anos, compreendidos entre os anos de 2003 a 2018. Foi possível a análise da Taxa de Fecundidade Total (TFT), via de parto, estado civil e escolaridade das parturientes. Discussão: a menor TFT foi apresentada na faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos (1,05 filhos/mulher) e a maior entre 36 a 49 anos (4,47 filhos/mulher). A via de parto vaginal correspondeu a 64% dos partos, enquanto que a via cirúrgica por cesárea aconteceu em 36% dos casos. Em relação à escolaridade, 3% apresentaram-se como analfabetas; 48% possuíam nível fundamental; 40% nível médio completo e 9% possuíam nível superior completo ou incompleto. Houve 0,5% de omissão da que escolaridade no momento do preenchimento dos dados. Os dados coletados sobre o estado civil foram considerados inconclusivos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a Taxa de Fecundidade da população estudada está acima da Taxa de Fecundidade Total projetada para 2015 no Brasil nas faixas etárias acima de 19 anos e da taxa de fecundidade ideal para que haja uma reposição da população segundo o DATASUS (2021). Tais dados podem estar relacionados com a vulnerabilidade da comunidade em questão, corroborando com estudos que relatam maiores taxas de fecundidade relacionada a menor renda e menor escolaridade.
Introduction: sexual and reproductive patterns are influenced by biopsychosocial factors. Among these factors, there is vulnerability, a broad and complex concept that requires greater attention from public policies. Objective: to know the reproductive profile of women who live in an area of high vulnerability in the city of Curitiba-PR. Methodology: descriptive, documental, cross-sectional observational analysis. Collection and analysis of data from the Birth Certificates (BC) at the Capanema Health Unit and analysis of public data provided by the IBGE. Results: 1199 BCs were analysed, with 1011 women aged between 13 and 49 years old, between the years 2003 and 2018. It was possible to analyse the Total Fertility Rate (TFR), mode of delivery, marital status and level of education of the parturients. Discussion: the lowest TFR was observed in the age group from 13 to 15 years old (1.05 children/woman) and the highest between 36 to 49 years old (4.47 children/woman). Vaginal delivery corresponded to 64% of deliveries, while surgical caesarean section occurred in 36% of cases. Regarding schooling, 3% were illiterate; 48% had a fundamental level; 40% completed high school and 9% had completed or incomplete higher education. There was 0.5% omission of schooling attainment at the time of filling in the data. Data collected on marital status were considered inconclusive. Conclusion: it is concluded that the Fertility Rate of the studied population is above the Total Fertility Rate projected for 2015 in Brazil in the age groups above 19 years and the ideal fertility rate so that there is a replacement of the population according to DATASUS (2021). Such data may be related to the vulnerability of the community in question, corroborating with studies that report higher fertility rates related to lower income and lower education.
Sujets)
Humains , Femelle , Adolescent , Adulte , Adulte d'âge moyen , Comportement procréatif , Taux de Fécondité , Vulnérabilité sociale , Méthodes Analytiques , Épidémiologie Descriptive , Études transversales , Analyses de documentsRésumé
Background & objectives: Assessing healthcare seeking behaviour (HSB), healthcare utilization and related out-of-pocket expenditures of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of India through a prism of the health system may help to achieve equitable health outcomes. Therefore, this comprehensive study was envisaged to examine these issues among PVTGs of Odisha, India. However, there exists no validated questionnaire to measure these variables among PVTGs. Therefore, a study questionnaire was developed for this purpose and validated. Methods: Questionnaire was constructed in four phases: questionnaire development, validity assessment, pilot testing and reliability assessment. Nine domain experts face validated questionnaire in two rounds, followed by a single round of quantitative content validity. Next, the questionnaire was pretested in three rounds using cognitive interviews and pilot-tested among 335 and 100 eligible individuals for the two sections healthcare seeking behaviour (HSB-Q) and maternal and child healthcare service utilization (MCHSU-Q). Internal consistency reliability was assessed for de novo HSB-Q. Results: On two rounds of expert-driven face validity, 55 items were eliminated from 200 items. Questionnaire showed moderate to high content validity (item-level content validity index range: 0.78 to 1, scale-level content validity index/universal agreement: 0.73; scale-level content validity index/average: 0.96 and multirater kappa statistics range: 0.6 to 1). During the pre-test, items were altered until saturation was achieved. Pilot testing helped to refine interview modalities. The Cronbach alpha and McDonald’s omega assessing internal consistency of HSB-Q were 0.8 and 0.85, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable to explore healthcare seeking behaviour, maternal and child healthcare utilization and related out-of-pocket expenditure incurred by PVTGs of Odisha, India.
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gressive violent behavior and apprehension anxiety are two common mental health issues that sports persons often experience. These issues can have negative effects on the sports persons' performance, as well as their overall well-being. This paper aims to explore the roots of these mental health issues and their relationship with sports participation. There are various factors that contribute to aggressive violent behavior among sports persons. One major factor is the intense competition that is inherent in sports. Sports persons often feel pressure to win, which can lead to frustration and aggression. Additionally, some athletes may have a predisposition towards aggression due to genetics or past experiences. Apprehension anxiety is another issue that many sports persons face. This anxiety can be caused by a variety of factors, including fear of failure, fear of injury, or fear of public speaking. Sports persons may also experience anxiety due to the high expectations placed on them by coaches, fans, and teammates. Furthermore, social and cultural factors can contribute to these issues among sports persons. The culture of sports may glorify aggression, which can lead sports persons to believe that aggression is necessary to succeed. Additionally, social pressures can lead sports persons to suppress their emotions, leading to increased levels of anxiety and aggression. It is important for sports organizations and coaches to recognize the causes of these mental health issues and to implement strategies to prevent and address them. By addressing these issues, sports organizations can help sports persons to perform at their best while also maintaining their mental well-being.
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The transition from childhood to adolescence is a period of signicant change and development, where individuals may display adaptive or maladaptive behavior patterns. This study aims to explore the prevalence of adaptive and maladaptive behavior among adolescent students. The study also investigated the factors associated with these behavior patterns, such as familial and social factors. This study was conducted at Pondicherry University in Pondicherry on undergraduate students enrolled in either of the divisions (Bachelor of Arts, Science, or Commerce). In order to collect 60 individuals from the sample population of university students, a simple random sampling method was adopted. Each of the three groups—Arts, Science, and Commerce—was represented by 20 students, with a good balance of the sexes in each category. A sociodemographic datasheet and a coping checklist were employed as tools. The ndings will contribute to the understanding of adolescent behavior and inform interventions to support adolescents in developing adaptive behavior patterns.
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This paper titled A Study of Consumption Behaviour of Plastic Card Holders of Ahmedabad City is aimed at knowing which types of plastic cards (credit card, debit/ATM card, charge card and smart card) are held by respondents and out of them which is the most used plastic card, the number of plastic cards used, most popular card issuing bank and most preferred brand of plastic card of respondents of Ahmedabad city. The findings are that majority of card holders have debit card and it is the most preferred card for purchasing goods and services by respondents. Respondents possess more than one cards. Only 32% card holders have only one card and nearly 68 % card holders have more than one card. Axis bank is the most popular card issuing bank (20.2%) amongst majority of respondents followed by SBI. The majority of respondents (34.6%) are using Classic brand plastic card. This revels that other brands like Classic Plus, Edge, Global, Gold, Neo, Platinum, Priority, Privilege,Titanium etc. are less popular.
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Aims: To estimate the problem of behavioural co morbidity and to determine risk factors associated with epi-lepsy in children. Methods: A prospective observational study using Hindi and Gujarati version of Strength & Difficulty ques-tionnaire (SDQ) was conducted. Children aged 6 to 17 years with epilepsy (CWE) as cases & without epilepsy as controls enrolled. Detailed demographic and clinical data were recorded. The total difficulty score and the subscale scores were compared between two groups. Comparison of the scores were done among the children with epilepsy group also. Results: 52 children in each group were included. Self-reported SDQ used in 76% and parent reported SDQ used in 27% participants. Prevalence of behaviour abnormality was 25% in CWE. (p 0.004). CWE had signifi-cantly higher mean total difficulty score (p<0.001) and mean emotional (p <0.0001) and conduct subscale score (p 0.0024). Children having uncontrolled epilepsy (OR 15, 95% CI 2.9 - 76.3, p 0.0005) and having num-ber of seizures more than 3 (OR 13.33 95% CI 3.4 - 51.04, p 0.0004) were found to be significantly associated with behavioural abnormality. Conclusion: Epileptic children are at more risk of behavioural problem than in normal children, especially emotional problem and conduct problem. Uncontrolled epilepsy and frequency of seizure were significant risk factor for occurrence of behavioural problem.
Résumé
A Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) é uma doença neuromuscular progressiva recessiva causada por mutações genéticas ligadas ao cromossomo X. Além do enfraquecimento muscular progressivo, a condição é associada a alterações neuropsicológicas. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistematizada da temática, para investigar os aspectos cognitivos e comportamentais associados à DMD pela literatura, nos últimos dez anos (2011-2021). Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, com o propósito de sintetizar e analisar o conhecimento sobre o tema no campo científico, sendo efetuada busca nas bases de dados e motores de busca Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed e BVS. Após consideração dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 29 artigos para análise. Os resultados endossaram que alterações cognitivas e do neurodesenvolvimento, bem como de problemas comportamentais parecem ser mais prováveis na DMD, em comparação com a população geral. Verificou-se escassez de estudos empíricos brasileiros e a necessidade de avaliar e intervir nos âmbitos neuropsicológico e psicossocial, de forma precoce, contínua e multidisciplinar, no intuito de atender às necessidades desse grupo.
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a recessive progressive neuromuscular disease caused by X-linked genetic mutations. In addition to progressive muscle weakness, the condition is associated with neuropsychological alterations. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review about the theme, to investigate the cognitive and behavioral aspects associated with DMD in the literature, over the last ten years (2011-2021). An integrative literature review was carried out, with the purpose of synthesizing and analyzing the knowledge on the subject in the scientific field, with a search in the databases and search engines Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed and BVS. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were selected for analysis. The results endorsed that cognitive and neurodevelopmental alterations and behavioral problems seem to be more likely in DMD, when compared to the general population. There was a lack of brazilian empirical studies and the need to assess and intervene in the neuropsychological and psychosocial spheres was observed, in an early, continuous and multidisciplinary way, in order to meet the needs of this group.
La distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD) es una enfermedad neuromuscular progresiva recesiva causada por mutaciones genéticas ligadas al cromosoma X. Además de la debilidad muscular progresiva, la afección se asocia con cambios neuropsicológicos. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática del tema, para investigar los aspectos cognitivos y conductuales asociados a la DMD en la literatura, en los últimos diez años (2011-2021). Se realizó una revisión integradora de la literatura, con el propósito de sintetizar y analizar el conocimiento sobre el tema en el campo científico, mediante una búsqueda en las bases de datos y motores de búsqueda Science Direct, SciELO, PubMed y BVS. Después de considerar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 29 artículos para su análisis. Los resultados respaldaron que alteraciones cognitivas y del neurodesarrollo, así como problemas del comportamiento parecen ser más probables en la DMD en comparación con la población general. Se observó la escasez de estudios empíricos brasileños, así como la necesidad de evaluar e intervenir en los ámbitos neuropsicológico y psicosocial, de forma precoz, continua y multidisciplinar, para atender las necesidades de esta población.