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1.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; J. pediatr. (Rio J.);100(5): 498-504, Sept.-Oct. 2024. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1575190

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Objective Child sexual violence is a multidimensional problem of many contemporary societies, affecting people of all sexes, social stratum and age groups. Offenses involving children and adolescents are more serious, given their total or partial dependence on parents and caregivers. Information on child sexual violence in Brazil is found in raw form and without detail. The objective was to compare the information with social and economic data in the state of Paraná. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective study of secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) on cases of sexual violence involving victims aged 0 to 19 years. Results are presented according to notification characteristics. The authors applied exploratory spatial data analysis to assess spatial autocorrelations and investigated relationships by the ordinary least squares regression model. Results Between 2017 and 2021, there were 13,403 reports of child sexual violence in Paraná State, Brazil. Most victims (82.8%) were female and aged between 10 and 14 years. The majority of sexual violence cases (67.8%) occurred in the home environment. The highest rates on a population basis were observed in the North Central and Greater Curitiba regions, mainly in cities with higher population density and with higher rates of other types of violence. Conclusion The results provide data that can promote a broader understanding of the distribution of sexual violence and the state and associated variations. It is expected to improve the provision of care for victims of child sexual violence and assist in strategic planning to prevent future offenses.

2.
Rev. Bras. Odontol. Leg. RBOL ; 11(1): 51-62, 20240601.
Article de Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1556123

RÉSUMÉ

Os maus-tratos infantis são considerados um problema de saúde a nível mundial. Diante dessa realidade, destaca-se a relevante atuação dos profissionais de saúde na identificação, diagnóstico, notificação e, consequentemente, na redução no número de casos. O Cirurgião-Dentista apresenta-se em uma posição privilegiada no que diz respeito à identificação de casos de violência, visto que a maioria das lesões de ordem física a crianças e adolescentes se apresenta em região de cabeça e pescoço. Dessa forma, objetiva-se identificar as experiências e conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas do Rio Grande do Norte sobre maus-tratos infantis. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório de caráter quantitativo mediante aplicação de um formulário eletrônico, com questões semiestruturadas, enviado aos dentistas com inscrições ativas no Conselho Regional de Odontologia do Rio Grande do Norte. Foi obtido um total de 100 questionários respondidos. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e testes de associação. Os resultados revelaram que 14% dos profissionais relataram ter visto caso suspeito de abuso físico, porém nenhum destes realizou notificação no último semestre. Apesar das médias das respostas terem sido superiores a 6 quanto à disposição para detecção, capacidade de diagnóstico e de identificação dos maus-tratos, esses resultados não corroboram com o número de profissionais que considera necessário maior qualificação em diagnóstico ou que desconhecem qualquer meio de notificação. A capacitação técnico-científica para a identificação e diagnóstico diferencial é importante e a responsabilidade pela notificação de casos suspeitos às autoridades é imprescindível para o exercício da profissão em consonância com os valores de cidadania e justiça


Child abuse is considered a global health problem. Given this reality, the relevant role of health professionals in identifying, diagnosing, reporting and, consequently, reducing the number of cases stands out. The dentist is in a privileged position with regard to identifying cases of violence, given that the majority of physical injuries to children and adolescents occur in the head and neck region. Thus, the objective is to identify the experiences and conduct of dentists in Rio Grande do Norte regarding child abuse. An exploratory quantitative study was carried out using an electronic form, with semi-structured questions, sent to dentists with active registrations at the Rio Grande do Norte Regional Dentistry Council. A total of 100 completed questionnaires were obtained. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and association tests were used. The results revealed that 14% of professionals reported having seen a suspected case of physical abuse, but none of them reported it in the last semester. Although the response averages were higher than 6 in terms of willingness to detect, diagnose and identify abuse, these results do not corroborate the number of professionals who consider it necessary to have greater qualifications in diagnosis or who are unaware of any means of reporting. Technical-scientific training for identification and differential diagnosis is important and the responsibility for reporting suspected cases to the authorities is essential for exercising the profession in line with the values of citizenship and justice

3.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 122(3): e202303026, jun. 2024. ilus
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1554938

RÉSUMÉ

El maltrato infantil es definido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) como "el abuso y la desatención que sufren los niños menores de 18 años. Incluye todo tipo de maltrato físico y/o emocional […] que resulte en un daño real o potencial para la salud, la supervivencia, el desarrollo o la dignidad del niño". Al examinar los rastros corporales del maltrato físico, siguiendo los mecanismos de lesión más frecuentemente implicados, es posible detectar patrones radiológicos típicos. La evaluación imagenológica del hueso en reparación permite inferir cronologías para correlacionar con los datos obtenidos en la anamnesis. Los profesionales de la salud deben detectar oportunamente lesiones radiológicas sospechosas y activar de forma temprana el resguardo del menor. Nuestro propósito es realizar una revisión sobre las publicaciones recientes referidas al estudio imagenológico en niños de quienes se sospeche que puedan ser víctimas de violencia física.


The World Health Organization (WHO) defines child maltreatment as "the abuse and neglect that occurs to children under 18 years of age. It includes all types of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment [...], which results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity." By examining the bodily traces of physical abuse, following the most frequently involved mechanisms of injury, it is possible to identify typical radiological patterns. The imaging studies of the bone under repair allows inferring a timeline that may be correlated to the data obtained during history taking. Health care providers should detect suspicious radiological lesions in a timely manner and promptly activate the safeguarding of the child. Our objective was to review recent publications on the imaging studies of children suspected of being victims of physical violence.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Enfant , Adolescent , Maltraitance des enfants/psychologie , Violence , Radiologues
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 122(3): e202310139, jun. 2024. ilus
Article de Anglais, Espagnol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1555014

RÉSUMÉ

Las fracturas con hundimiento de cráneo sin una explicación clara sobre su origen orientan al traumatismo con un objeto romo y a la sospecha de maltrato infantil. En el caso de los bebés recién nacidos, su corta edad es un factor de vulnerabilidad y obliga a una exhaustiva evaluación. Ante la sospecha de maltrato infantil, resulta importante evaluar los diagnósticos diferenciales para realizar la intervención más adecuada posible. Es necesario evitar tanto intervenciones excesivas como omitir la intervención que sea necesaria. Las fracturas craneales deprimidas congénitas, descritas como "fracturas pingpong", son raras (0,3 a 2/10 000 partos). Pueden aparecer sin antecedentes traumáticos o en partos instrumentalizados. Se describe en este artículo el caso de un recién nacido con una fractura ping-pong como ejemplo de una fractura no intencional.


Depressed skull fractures without a clear explanation as to their origin point to trauma with a blunt object and suspected child abuse. In the case of newborn infants, their young age is a vulnerability factor and requires an exhaustive assessment. When child abuse is suspected, an assessment of the differential diagnoses is required to make the most appropriate intervention possible. Both an excessive intervention and an omission of a necessary intervention should be avoided. Congenital depressed skull fractures, described as "ping-pong fractures", are rare (0.3 to 2/10 000 births). They may appear without any trauma history or in instrumentalized childbirth. Here we describe the case of a newborn infant with a ping-pong fracture as an example of an accidental fracture.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Femelle , Grossesse , Nouveau-né , Maltraitance des enfants/diagnostic , Embarrure/congénital , Embarrure/diagnostic , Accouchement (procédure) , Diagnostic différentiel , Sévices
5.
ABCS health sci ; 49: [1-8], 11 jun. 2024.
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1572581

RÉSUMÉ

Introduction: Sexual violence can be treated as a public health problem because of its high prevalence worldwide and the negative physical and mental impacts. Objective: Investigate the relationship between parenting styles and the occurrence of sexual violence experienced by adolescents and young adults at some point in life. Methods: Validated instruments were applied to a population of university students to assess the presence or absence of sexual violence (Questionnaire on Exposure to Traumatizing Events) and parenting style Parenting Styles Inventory (PSI). The initial statistical analysis was descriptive and inferential, applying multivariate logistic regression and assessing the risk factors for sexual violence associated with parenting styles. Results: Of the 858 students who responded to the survey, 71 (8.3%) were the victims of sexual violence and 52 (73.0%) were female. The PSI showed that in victims of sexual violence, less protective styles predominate (p=0.002), with higher scores in the following practices: inconsistent punishment (p=0.003), negligence (p=0.001), negative monitoring (p=0.017), and physical abuse (p<0.001). The logistic regression shows that the chance of an individual being a victim increases by 11.0% with each increase in the score of negligence and 23.4% with each increase in the physical abuse score. As for positive monitoring, the chance of an individual being a victim decreases by 10.0% with each increase in the score (p=0.009). Conclusion: Parenting styles directly influence the possibility of sexual abuse occurring monitoring is a protective factor, while neglect and physical abuse (punishment) increase the individual's risk of being a victim.

6.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-227993

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Childhood trauma is a major threat to the welfare and prosperity of any society. Young adult population is vulnerable due to increasing adverse childhood experiences and the likelihood of serious implications in educational performance and mental health. This survey was aimed to observe the proportion of various types of childhood traumas and their association with different socio-demographic characteristics among young university students of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 young university students, during August-December 2023. Initially, cluster sampling was done deemed to the epidemiological survey. Afterwards, from the selected clusters, students from different universities were approached using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Self-reported data were collected through a questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic characteristics along with the types of traumas experienced during their childhood. SPSS Version 26.0 was used to analyse data. Results: Of the 300 university students with a mean age of 22.14±2 years, 55.3% were females. Overall, 63.6% of the participants experienced trauma before 18 years age. The most common trauma types reported were physical/verbal abuse (81%), unlawful touch/sexual abuse (45%), parents separated/divorced (31%) abandoned by parents (20%), lived with an alcoholic/drug addict (18%) or with a mentally ill adult (14%). There were no statistically significant findings between childhood trauma experience and socio-demographic traits. Conclusions: Various profiles of childhood trauma were found prevalent in young university level individuals. Current research does suggest a way forward to prevent this public health issue that can have detrimental consequences on an individual’s mental and physical health and stress reactivity.

7.
J. Health Biol. Sci. (Online) ; 12(1): 1-8, jan.-dez. 2024. ilus
Article de Portugais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1567909

RÉSUMÉ

Objetivo: cconstruir um panorama diagnóstico da violência sexual infantojuvenil assistida no sistema de saúde no Brasil. Métodos: estudo transversal, analítico, realizado com dados do Ministério da Saúde a respeito da violência sexual infantojuvenil no Brasil, no período de 2010 a 2021. Foram conduzidas análises de estatística descritiva e multivariadas, por meio das técnicas de Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas e de Clusterização Hierárquica. Resultados: observou-se grande importância associada à presença de vítimas do sexo feminino, solteiras, adolescentes, que têm práticas sexuais apenas com homens, em ambiente residencial, na ausência de ex-cônjuge, patrão, madrasta ou cuidador no momento da ocorrência. Notou-se também, importância associada aos casos de recorrências, à coocorrência de violência física e psicológica, bem como relacionada à participação de pais, namorados e conhecidos como violentadores. Além disso, identificou-se que as ocorrências em via pública parecem estar mais associadas a vítimas de baixa escolaridade. Conclusão: a violência sexual infantojuvenil no Brasil se estabelece, portanto, como um importante problema social, cultural, de segurança e saúde pública. Foi possível explorar os principais parâmetros associados às ocorrências no país, permitindo, assim, a possibilidade de sua aplicação em ferramentas e serviços de assistência.


Objective: build a diagnostic overview of child and adolescent sexual violence assisted in the health system in Brazil. Methods: a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out with data from the Ministry of Health regarding child and adolescent sexual violence in Brazil from 2010 to 2021. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using Multiple Correspondence Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering. Results: there was great importance associated with the presence of female victims, singles, and teenagers who have sexual practices only with men in a residential environment, in the absence of a former spouse, boss, stepmother, or caregiver at the time of the occurrence. It was also noted the importance associated with cases of recurrence, the co-occurrence of physical and psychological violence, as well as related to the participation of parents, boyfriends, and acquaintances as perpetrators. Furthermore, it was identified that incidents on public roads seem to be more associated with victims with low education. Conclusion: child and adolescent sexual violence in Brazil is, therefore, established as an important social, cultural, safety, and public health problem. It was possible to explore the main parameters associated with occurrences in the country, thus allowing the possibility of its application in assistance tools and services.


Sujet(s)
Adolescent , Infractions sexuelles , Maltraitance des enfants , Santé publique
8.
Online braz. j. nurs. (Online) ; Online braz. j. nurs. (Online);23: e20246680, 02 jan 2024. ilus
Article de Anglais, Portugais | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1532294

RÉSUMÉ

OBJETIVO: Realizar a análise do conceito de abuso sexual em crianças, identificando os possíveis atributos, antecedentes e consequências. MÉTODO: Foi conduzida uma análise de conceito, estruturada por meio de uma scoping review. A busca foi realizada em 6 bases de dados e, após análise, um total de 17 artigos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Foram identificados, como antecedentes, crianças com idade acima de 8 anos, do sexo feminino, sendo o agressor frequentemente um parente da vítima ou até mesmo o próprio pai. Quanto aos atributos, foram identificadas alterações psicológicas, doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e gravidez indesejada. As consequências observadas foram predominantemente de natureza psicológica, incluindo depressão e comportamento suicida. CONCLUSÃO: No total, foram agrupados nove antecedentes que estão relacionados aos fatores que levam à vulnerabilidade do abuso. Além disso, foram identificados 11 atributos correspondentes aos sinais característicos que indicam que uma criança é vítima de abuso. Por fim, foram observadas 12 consequências decorrentes da violência sexual infantil.


OBJECTIVE: To conduct a conceptual analysis of child sexual abuse to identify possible attributes, antecedents, and consequences. METHOD: A concept analysis was conducted using a scoping review methodology. Searches were conducted in 6 databases, resulting in 17 articles after analysis. RESULTS: Antecedents included children older than 8 years, female gender, the perpetrator often being a relative of the victim or even the biological father. Psychological changes, sexually transmitted diseases, and unwanted pregnancies were identified. The consequences observed were mainly psychological, including depression and suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Nine antecedents were grouped as factors contributing to vulnerability to abuse. In addition, 11 attributes correspond to characteristic signs indicating that a child is a victim of maltreatment. Finally, 12 consequences of child sexual violence were observed.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Enfant , Violence sexuelle chez l'enfant , Soins , Santé de l'enfant
9.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;77(supl.3): e20230350, 2024. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1535580

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify policies and programs adopted by a Brazilian municipality to address violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A qualitative documentary study. The study setting was the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Data was collected from official websites between November 2021 and February 2022. Thematic content analysis was used with the support of webQDA software. Results: Three empirical categories emerged: a) Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children; b) Action strategies for tackling violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic; c) Evaluation indicators and targets for action strategies for tackling violence against children. Final considerations: The documents revealed few direct mentions of children, especially traditional populations; they presented superficial and ineffective evaluations of the policies and programs adopted, using exclusively quantitative indicators.


RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar políticas y programas adoptados por un municipio brasileño para hacer frente a la violencia infantil durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo documental. El escenario fue el municipio de Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. Los datos se recogieron de sitios de internet oficiales entre noviembre de 2021 y febrero de 2022. Se utilizó el análisis temático de contenido con el apoyo del software webQDA. Resultados: Surgieron tres categorías empíricas: a) Impactos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la violencia contra los niños; b) Estrategias de acción para abordar esta violencia; c) Indicadores de evaluación y metas de las estrategias de acción para este afrontamiento. Consideraciones finales: Los documentos revelaron pocas menciones sobre los niños de las poblaciones tradicionales en especial y presentaron evaluaciones superficiales de las políticas y programas adoptados, utilizando exclusivamente indicadores cuantitativos.


RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar políticas e programas adotados por um município brasileiro para o enfrentamento da violência contra crianças durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Estudo qualitativo do tipo documental. O cenário de estudo foi Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada em sites oficiais, de novembro de 2021 a fevereiro de 2022. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática apoiada pelo software webQDA. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias empíricas: a) Impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 na violência contra crianças; b) Estratégias de enfrentamento desta violência; c) Indicadores de avaliação e metas das estratégias para este enfrentamento Considerações finais: Há poucas menções diretas às crianças, especialmente às de populações tradicionais; apresentaram avaliações ineficazes das políticas, apenas qualitativamente.

10.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 24: e230011, 2024. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1535007

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the literature unprecedentedly to identify the dentistry students' knowledge of pediatric patients who suffered violence. Material and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and OpenGrey electronic databases up to November 2021. The "Grey Literature" was verified through Google Scholar and Open Grey searches to avoid any selection bias. There was no restriction on the date of publication or language. Results: The systematic search yielded 2.756 studies in the first selection phase, but only twenty-two articles were included. All selected articles were published between 1998 and 2021 and used a questionnaire to evaluate the dentistry students' knowledge regarding child maltreatment cases. Brazil was the country that had the most studies included (10 articles). Despite the majority of the students presenting insufficient knowledge about child maltreatment, evidence from this research showed that every form of approach by professionals toward child maltreatment should be considered important. Conclusion: Therefore, there are deficiencies regarding the teaching-learning methodology, reinforcing the need for improvements in Dentistry undergraduate curricula.


Sujet(s)
Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Adolescent , Étudiant dentisterie , Violence/psychologie , Violence sexuelle chez l'enfant/psychologie , Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques en santé , Caractéristiques des études
11.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);29(7): e03132024, 2024. graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1564292

RÉSUMÉ

Resumo A negligência constitui uma das violências contra crianças e adolescentes mais notificadas, entretanto ainda pouco explorada em estudos nacionais. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a rede pessoal social de famílias envolvidas na negligência contra crianças e adolescentes. Estudo qualitativo, ancorado no paradigma da complexidade, realizado junto a 20 familiares envolvidos na negligência contra crianças e adolescentes em município do interior de São Paulo, Brasil. A coleta de dados se deu por mapas mínimos da rede pessoal social e entrevistas semiestruturadas em janeiro de 2021. As redes se apresentaram reduzidas, com pouca ou nenhuma articulação entre os diferentes serviços e setores e predominantemente homogêneas. Por terem muitos vínculos fragilizados, mostrou-se pouco sustentadora, apontando dificuldades no acesso a trabalho, educação e saúde. Pelas características da rede, identificou-se a complexidade do fenômeno da negligência, em que elementos condicionam e perpetuam vivências de ausências e fragilidades. Olhares e ações interprofissionais e intersetoriais são pleiteadas e recomendadas.


Abstract Neglect is one of the most frequently reported forms of violence against children and adolescents, although it has rarely been explored in national studies. In this light, the present study aimed to analyze the personal social network of families involved in negligence against children and adolescents. This work takes a qualitative approach, anchored in the Paradigm of Complexity, conducted with twenty families involved in negligence against children and adolescents in a municipality in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection took place through minimal maps of the personal social network and semi-structured interviews in January 2021. The networks were limited, with little to no interaction among the different services and sectors, and were predominantly homogeneous. Because they have many weakened ties, they are relatively unsupportive, pointing out difficulties in access to work, education, and health. Due to the characteristics of the network, the complexity of the phenomenon of neglect was identified, in which elements condition and perpetuate experiences of absence and fragility. Interprofessional and intersectoral views and actions are requested and recommended.

12.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.) ; Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992, Impr.);70(6): e20231742, 2024. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565030

RÉSUMÉ

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to investigate the level of knowledge of symptoms and risks of child abuse among undergraduate health science students according to their socio-demographic characteristics. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving 485 student volunteers. The data collection tools used in the study were the Demographic Data Collection Form and the Scale for Diagnosing Symptoms and Risks of Child Abuse and Neglect. RESULTS: It was found that health students' knowledge of the symptoms and risks of child abuse was moderate. It was also found that knowledge of diagnosing the symptoms and risks of child abuse was higher among women than among men, higher among those who had received education on child abuse, and increased with grade level. CONCLUSION: Child abuse is an important public health issue, and there is a need to raise awareness of this issue among health students.

13.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 33: e20231439, 2024. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1574832

RÉSUMÉ

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the temporal trend and the spatial distribution of reported cases of sexual violence against male children and adolescents, and their relationship with municipal development in Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological study with data from the Notifiable Health Conditions Information System and the Municipal Human Development Indexes (MHDIs), from 2013-2022. Prais-Winsten regression was used for temporal analysis and the Moran Index for spatial analysis. Results: There were 39,967 reports of sexual violence against male children and adolescents. An increasing trend was found for Brazil as a whole (annual percentage change = 6.8; 95%CI 3.8;10.0). Spatial distribution showed direct correlation between high rates of violence and low MHDIs (p < 0.001). Conclusion We found a rising temporal trend in Brazil and spatial dependence of the rates of reported sexual violence in the municipalities.


RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la tendencia temporal y la distribución espacial de los casos reportados por violencia sexual en niños y adolescentes varones y su relación con el desarrollo municipal en Brasil. Métodos Se trata de un estudio ecológico que utiliza datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria y de Índices de Desarrollo Humano Municipal (IDHM), en el período 2013-2022. Se utilizó la regresión de Prais-Winsten para el análisis temporal y el índice de Moran para el análisis espacial. Resultados Hubo 39.967 denuncias de violencia sexual contra niños y adolescentes varones. En Brasil hubo una tendencia creciente (variación porcentual anual = 6,8; IC95% 3,8;10,0). La distribución espacial mostró una correlación directa entre altas tasas de violencia y bajos IDHM (p < 0,001). Conclusión Se observó una tendencia de crecimiento temporal en Brasil y una dependencia espacial de las tasas de notificación de violencia sexual en los municipios.


RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal e a distribuição espacial dos casos notificados de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino, e sua relação com o desenvolvimento municipal no Brasil. Métodos Trata-se de estudo ecológico empregando dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e os Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDHMs), de 2013-2022. Utilizou-se a regressão de Prais-Winsten para a análise temporal e o índice de Moran para a análise espacial. Resultados Houve 39.967 notificações de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino. Verificou-se tendência crescente no Brasil (variação percentual anual = 6,8; IC95% 3,8;10,0). A distribuição espacial apresentou correlação direta entre altas taxas de violência e baixos IDHMs (p < 0,001). Conclusão Observou-se tendência temporal de crescimento no Brasil e dependência espacial das taxas de notificação de violência sexual nos municípios.

14.
Rev. Bras. Ortop. (Online) ; 59(2): 269-277, 2024. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565392

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Objective To describe suspected/confirmed cases of child maltreatment related to fractures in a pediatric hospital in southern Brazil. Method Study of the Information System of Notifiable Diseases notifications and the victims' medical records between January/2016 and December/2020. Variables related to the victim, the perpetrator, the type of abuse, the presence of fractures, and their anatomical location and death were evaluated. Logistic regression was performed to identify fracture-related variables, adjusted for sex and age. The results were expressed in odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals. It was considered significant p < 0.05. Results There were 276 cases, 73 infants (26.4%), male predominance (151, 54.7%), with authorship of the mistreatment by relatives (245, 96,0%), 85 (31,5%), they presented fractures, with five deaths (1.9%). Factors related to the presence of fracture: age of the victim (less than two years old; n = 82; or 2.48; 95% CI: 1.45 - 4.25), having more than two aggressors involved (n = 144; or 2.09; 95% CI: 1.16-3.75), the medium being traffic/automobile accident, (n = 52; or 2.65; 95% CI: 1.04-6.75), consult an orthopedist (n = 91; or 6.77 / 95% CI: 3.66-12.51), and the need for surgical intervention (n = 15; OR 36.72; 95% CI: 8.22-164.03). Conclusions The importance of suspicion, early identification of aggression, and the correct completion of notifications for activating the system of guaranteeing rights and removal of the aggressor was emphasized.


Resumo Objetivo Descrever os casos suspeitos/confirmados de maus-tratos infantis relacionados a fraturas, atendidos em um hospital pediátrico no Sul do Brasil. Método Estudo das notificações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e dos prontuários das vítimas, entre janeiro/2016 e dezembro/2020. Avaliadas variáveis relacionadas à vítima, ao autor, à tipologia de maus-tratos, à presença de fraturas e sua localização anatômica e óbito. Regressão logística foi realizada para identificar as variáveis relacionadas à fratura, ajustada para sexo e idade, expressa em razão de chance e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. Foi considerado significativo p < 0.05. Resultados Houve 276 casos, 73 lactentes (26,4%), predomínio do sexo masculino (151, 54,7%), com autoria dos maus-tratos por parentes (245, 96,0%), 85 (31,5%), apresentaram fraturas, sendo cinco óbitos (1,9%). Fatores relacionados à presença de fratura: idade da vítima (menor de dois anos; n = 82; RC 2,48; IC 95%: 1,45 - 4,25), ter mais de dois agressores envolvidos (n = 144; RC 2,09; IC 95%: 1,16 - 3,75), o meio ser trânsito/acidente automobilístico, (n = 52; RC 2,65; IC 95%: 1,04-6,75), consultar com ortopedista (n = 91; RC 6,77 / IC 95%: 3,66-12,51), e necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica (n = 15; RC 36,72; IC 95%: 8,22-164,03). Conclusões Ressaltada a importância da suspeição e identificação precoce da agressão, o preenchimento correto das notificações, para o acionamento do sistema de garantia de direitos e afastamento do agressor.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant d'âge préscolaire , Enfant , Maltraitance des enfants/prévention et contrôle , Violence domestique , Fractures osseuses/épidémiologie , Faute professionnelle
15.
Cad. Saúde Pública (Online) ; 40(7): e00173623, 2024. tab, graf
Article de Anglais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569004

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the association between child maltreatment and human capital, measured by intelligence quotient (IQ) at age 18 years and schooling at age 22 years in 3,736 members from a population-based birth cohort in Southern Brazil. A multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between child maltreatment and human capital measurements. Physical and emotional abuse and physical neglect occurring up to 15 years of age were considered child maltreatment. Physical neglect was associated with lower IQ scores in women (β = -4.40; 95%CI: -6.82; -1.99) and men (β = -2.58; 95%CI: -5.17; -0.01) and lower schooling for all sexes: women (β = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.64; -0.74) and men (β = -0.82; 95%CI: -1.34; -0.30). Moreover, men who had experienced one type of child maltreatment and women who had experienced two or more types had lower years of schooling at 22 years (β = -0.41; 95%CI: -0.73; -0.89 and β = -0.57; 95%CI: -0.91; -0.22, respectively) than those who suffered no kind of maltreatment. Efforts to improve future educational and cognitive outcomes must include early prevention and intervention strategies for child maltreatment.


Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre maus-tratos infantis e capital humano, medido por meio do quociente de inteligência (QI) aos 18 anos e escolaridade aos 22 anos, em 3.736 membros de uma coorte de nascimentos de base populacional no Sul do Brasil. A regressão linear múltipla foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre maus-tratos infantis e medidas de capital humano. Foram considerados maus-tratos físicos, emocionais e a negligência física ocorrida até os 15 anos de idade. A negligência física associou-se a menores escores de QI entre mulheres (β = -4,40; IC95%: -6,82; -1,99) e homens (β = -2,58; IC95%: -5,17; -0,01), assim como menor escolaridade em mulheres (β = -1,19; IC95%: -1,64; -0,74 e homens (β = -0,82; IC95%: -1,34; -0,30). Além disso, homens que sofreram algum tipo de mau-trato na infância e mulheres que sofreram dois ou mais tipos apresentaram menor escolaridade aos 22 anos de idade (β = -0,41; IC95%: -0,73; -0,89 e β = -0,57; IC95%: -0,91; -0,22, respectivamente), em comparação com aqueles que não sofreram maus-tratos. Os esforços para aprimorar os futuros resultados educacionais e cognitivos devem incorporar estratégias de prevenção e intervenção precoce contra o mau-trato infantil.


Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar la asociación entre el maltrato infantil y el capital humano, medido utilizando el cociente de inteligencia (CI) a los 18 años y escolaridad a los 22 años, en 3.736 miembros de una cohorte de nacimientos de base poblacional en el Sur de Brasil. Se utilizó una regresión lineal múltiple para evaluar la asociación entre el maltrato infantil y las medidas de capital humano. Se consideraron el maltrato físico y emocional y la negligencia física que ocurrieron hasta los 15 años de edad. La negligencia física se asoció con puntuaciones de CI más bajas entre mujeres (β = -4,40; IC95%: -6,82; -1,99) y hombres (β = -2,58; IC95%: -5,17; -0,01), así como con una menor escolaridad en las mujeres (β = -1,19; IC95%: -1,64; -0,74 y hombres (β = -0,82; IC95%: -1,34; -0,30). Además, los hombres que sufrieron algún tipo de maltrato en la infancia y las mujeres que sufrieron dos o más tipos de maltrato tenían menor escolaridad a los 22 años (β = -0,41; IC95%: -0,73; -0,89 y β = -0,57; IC95%: -0,91; -0,22, respectivamente), en comparación con aquellos que no sufrieron maltratos. Los esfuerzos para mejorar los resultados educativos y cognitivos futuros deben incorporar estrategias de prevención e intervención temprana contra el maltrato infantil.

16.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 32: e4251, 2024. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1569974

RÉSUMÉ

Abstract Objective: to describe the feelings expressed by health professionals when caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence from the theoretical perspective of Symbolic Interactionism. Method: qualitative research carried out with 30 female health professionals. An instrument was used consisting of closed questions for sociodemographic data and a script with open questions for interviews. The data was organized and analyzed using Nvivo software version 12, according to Bardin's proposal, from the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism in the work of Charles Morris. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results: five thematic categories emerged, revealing feelings of empathy, fear, indignation, suffering, and consternation. These feelings remained in the interviewees' memories, making caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence a moving and difficult experience that deeply marks the life of the health professional. Conclusion: there is a need to adopt strategies to support the mental health of professionals who work in services that provide general care to children and adolescents, considering that there is a possibility that they will provide care to child and adolescent victims of sexual violence in compliance with pre-existing public policies.


Resumo Objetivo: descrever sentimentos expressos por profissionais de saúde no atendimento a vítimas infantojuvenis da violência sexual na perspectiva teórica do Interacionismo Simbólico. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada com 30 mulheres profissionais da saúde. Foi aplicado instrumento composto de questões fechadas para dados sociodemográficos e roteiro com perguntas abertas para a entrevista. Os dados foram organizados e analisados no software Nvivo versão 12, de acordo com a proposta de Bardin, sob a ótica do Interacionismo Simbólico na obra de Charles Morris. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: emergiram cinco categorias temáticas que revelaram sentimentos de empatia, medo, indignação, sofrimento e consternação. Tais sentimentos permaneceram na memória das entrevistadas, tornando o atendimento a vítimas infantojuvenis da violência sexual uma experiência tocante, difícil e que marca profundamente a vida do profissional de saúde. Conclusão: há necessidade de adotar estratégias de apoio à saúde mental de profissionais que atuam em serviços que prestam atendimento geral a crianças e adolescentes, considerando que existe a possibilidade de estes atenderem a vítimas infantojuvenis da violência sexual em respeito às políticas públicas preexistentes.


Resumen Objetivo: describir los sentimientos expresados por los profesionales de la salud en la atención a víctimas infantojuveniles de violencia sexual desde la perspectiva teórica del Interaccionismo Simbólico. Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada con 30 profesionales de salud. Se utilizó un instrumento compuesto por preguntas cerradas para los datos sociodemográficos y un guión con preguntas abiertas para la entrevista. Los datos fueron organizados y analizados utilizando el software Nvivo versión 12, de acuerdo con la propuesta de Bardin, desde la perspectiva del Interaccionismo Simbólico en la obra de Charles Morris. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética de la Investigación. Resultados: surgieron cinco categorías temáticas que revelaron sentimientos de empatía, miedo, indignación, sufrimiento y consternación. Estos sentimientos permanecieron en la memoria de los entrevistados, convirtiendo la atención a infantojuveniles víctimas de violencia sexual en una experiencia conmovedora y difícil que marca profundamente la vida del profesional de salud. Conclusión: es necesario adoptar estrategias de apoyo a la salud mental de los profesionales que actúan en servicios de atención general a infantojuveniles, considerando que existe la posibilidad de que atiendan a infantojuveniles víctimas de violencia sexual en cumplimiento de políticas públicas preexistentes.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Enfant , Adolescent , Équipe soignante , Violence sexuelle chez l'enfant , Violence domestique , Soins Hospitaliers
17.
Rev. latinoam. enferm. (Online) ; 32: e4170, 2024. tab
Article de Anglais | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1560147

RÉSUMÉ

Objective: to evaluate the association between different forms of childhood trauma and postpartum depression in Brazilian puerperal women. Method: this cross-sectional survey included 253 puerperal women who were evaluated using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to verify the association of different types of trauma and the co-occurrence of forms of abuse and neglect with postpartum depression. Results: postpartum depression was identified in 93 women (36.8%; 95% Confidence Interval: 30.8-42.7). All forms of childhood trauma assessed (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical abuse, physical neglect and sexual abuse) were independently associated with postpartum depression after adjusting for confounding variables. Emotional abuse remained associated with postpartum depression when the co-occurrence of all forms of childhood trauma was analyzed. Conclusion: the results suggest an association between the different forms of childhood trauma and postpartum depression. In this sense, childhood trauma is an indicator for Nursing professionals to screen for risk factors of postpartum depression during obstetric_follow-up.


Objetivo: evaluar la asociación entre diferentes formas de traumas en la infancia y depresión posparto en puérperas brasileñas. Método: en este estudio transversal se incluyó a 253 puérperas que fueron evaluadas con la Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale y el Childhood Trauma Questionnaire . Se realizaron análisis de regresión logística multivariados para verificar la asociación de diferentes tipos de trauma y la coocurrencia de formas de abuso y negligencia con la depresión posparto. Resultados: se identificó depresión posparto en 93 mujeres (36,8%; intervalo de confianza del 95%: 30,8-42,7). Todas las formas de traumas en la infancia que se evaluaron (abuso emocional, negligencia emocional, abuso físico, negligencia física y abuso sexual) estuvieron asociadas de manera independiente con la depresión posparto después de ajustar por variables de confusión. El abuso emocional siguió estando asociado con la depresión posparto cuando se analizó la coocurrencia de todas las formas de traumas en la infancia. Conclusión: los resultados sugieren una asociación entre las diferentes formas de traumas en la infancia y la depresión posparto. En este sentido, los traumas en la infancia son un indicador para que los profesionales de Enfermería detecten factores de riesgo para la depresión posparto en los controles obstétricos.


Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre diferentes formas de trauma na infância e depressão pós-parto em puérperas brasileiras. Método: estudo transversal incluiu 253 puérperas que foram avaliadas pela Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale e pelo Childhood Trauma Questionnaire . Análises multivariadas de regressão logística foram realizadas para verificar a associação entre diferentes tipos de trauma e a coocorrência de formas de abuso e negligência com depressão pós-parto. Resultados: a depressão pós-parto foi identificada em 93 mulheres (36,8%; Intervalo de Confiança de 95%: 30,8-42,7). Todas as formas de trauma na infância avaliadas (abuso emocional, negligência emocional, abuso físico, negligência física e abuso sexual) foram independentemente associadas à depressão pós-parto após ajuste para variáveis de confusão. O abuso emocional permaneceu associado à depressão pós-parto quando foi analisada a coocorrência de todas as formas de trauma na infância. Conclusão: os resultados sugerem associação entre as diferentes formas de trauma na infância e depressão pós-parto. Nesse sentido, o trauma na infância é um indicador para os profissionais de Enfermagem rastrearem fatores de risco de depressão pós-parto durante o acompanhamento obstétrico.


Sujet(s)
Humains , Mâle , Femelle , Pratique professionnelle , Santé au travail , Épuisement psychologique , Détresse psychologique , Hôpitaux , Infirmières et infirmiers
18.
Article de Espagnol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536555

RÉSUMÉ

(analítico) Los factores de riesgo y protección pueden ser utilizados para evaluar, prevenir e intervenir en el maltrato infantil. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar longitudinalmente el riesgo en la infancia y la adolescencia, para determinar qué factores pueden ser empleados como indicadores de evolución. Se empleó una muestra de 102 niños, niñas y adolescentes que participaban en el sistema de bienestar infantil español, en tres momentos temporales. Los resultados indicaron que existe una evolución del riesgo, con una tendencia general de disminución de riesgos e incremento de elementos protectores. Nuestros hallazgos identificaron la existencia de factores dinámicos y estáticos. Este estudio pone de manifiesto la relevancia de la atención e intervención continuada y a largo plazo para fortalecer los factores de protección y disminuir los de riesgo en niños, niñas y adolescentes.


(analytical) Risk and protective factors can be used for risk and needs assessments, prevention, and intervention in cases involving mistreatment of children. The aim of this study is to provide a longitudinal analysis of risks and vulnerabilities in childhood and adolescence, with the goal of determining which factors can be used as indicators for progress with cases. A sample of 102 children and adolescents supported by the child welfare system in Spain was used along with measurements based on three different points in time. The study's results indicated that there is a change in risk levels, with a general trend of decreasing risk and increasing protective elements. The study's findings identified the existence of a group of dynamic factors and another group of static factors. This study highlighted the relevance of continuous and long-term care and intervention in order to strengthen protection and decrease risks for children.


(analítico) Os factores de risco e protecção podem ser utilizados para avaliar, prevenir e intervir em casos de maustratos a crianças. O objectivo deste estudo é analisar o risco na infância e adolescência longitudinalmente, a fim de determinar que factores podem ser utilizados como indicadores de evolução. Uma amostra de 102 crianças e adolescentes participantes no sistema espanhol de bem-estar infantil foi utilizada em três pontos no tempo. Os resultados indicaram que existe uma evolução do risco, com uma tendência geral de diminuição do risco e aumento dos elementos protectores. Os nossos resultados identificaram a existência de factores dinâmicos e estáticos. Este estudo destaca a relevância dos cuidados e intervenções contínuos e a longo prazo para reforçar os factores de protecção e diminuir os factores de risco nas crianças.


Sujet(s)
Maltraitance des enfants
19.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-228415

RÉSUMÉ

Background: Abuse, especially of children, is a widespread problem. It is crucial to be aware of the warning signs of child abuse and neglect and take preventative measures. The World Health Organisation estimated that 1 billion children (Aged 2-17 yrs) had been victims of violence in 2017. In 2014, UNICEF said that sexual abuse affected 120 million children worldwide. Mental and physical health may be permanently damaged. Objective was to assess the knowledge and to evaluate the effectiveness of the play and learn strategies (PALS) regarding prevention of child abuse among pre-schooler and their mothers.Methods: This study employed the "One group Pre-test, Post-test" pre-experimental design. Non-probability purposive sampling was used. The sample includes 100 mothers and 100 preschoolers. A pre- and post-test self-administered knowledge questionnaire was employed. Data were examined using descriptive and inferential statistics to meet study aims.Results: Present study indicates considerable pre-test knowledge level (p<0.05) among students. After intervention (Play and learn technique), preschoolers' post-test knowledge score improved to 7.86 from 5.16. The mean post-test knowledge score of mothers was 17.6 following intervention, compared to 5.93 pre-test. Education improves preschoolers' and mothers' post-test child abuse prevention knowledge, according to research.Conclusions: Investigators found toddlers prone to child maltreatment. Play and learn performed well to teach kids about child abuse prevention.

20.
Saúde debate ; 47(138): 493-503, jul.-set. 2023. tab, graf
Article de Portugais | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515570

RÉSUMÉ

RESUMO Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência da Violência Sexual (VS) contra homens brasileiros e fatores associados. Estudo transversal, que estimou a prevalência de várias formas de VS entre homens brasileiros por meio de questionário virtual. Participaram do estudo 1.241 homens de todos os estados. A maioria era jovem, entre 18 e 39 anos de idade (61,7%), heterossexual (50,2%), do Sudeste (54,4%), das classes socioeconômicas C/D/E (72,1%) e brancos (64,3%). Sobre as prevalências de VS, 70,5% afirmaram ter sofrido VS sem contato, 43,1%, VS com contato, 23,9%, VS com penetração, e 33,1%, sexo forçado. Ser bissexual, ser homossexual e ser divorciado/separado aumentaram as chances de sofrer sexo forçado. Este estudo indica que homens bissexuais e homossexuais têm mais chances de sofrer VS, corroborando outras pesquisas. Entre divorciados/separados, as chances de sofrer VS também se mostraram significativas e precisam ser mais bem exploradas. O estudo oferece a possibilidade de problematização para acolhimento de homens vítimas de VS, pensando majoritariamente na prevenção de efeitos adversos após a violência e na implantação de políticas públicas da área da saúde mais direcionadas para o público-alvo, considerando os principais fatores associados.


ABSTRACT We aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexual violence against Brazilian men and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted, which estimated the prevalence of various forms of sexual violence among Brazilian men by means of a virtual questionnaire. A total of 1241 men from all Brazilian states participated in the study. Most participants were young men between 18 and 39 years (61.7%), heterosexual (50.2%), from the Southeast (54.4%), from socioeconomic classes C/D/E (72.1%), and white (64.3%). Regarding the prevalences of sexual violence, 70.5% reported non-contact sexual violence, 43.1% sexual violence with contact, 23.9% sexual violence with penetration, and 33.1% forced sex. Being bisexual homosexual, and being divorced/separated increased the odds of experiencing forced sex. This study indicates that bisexual and homosexual men are more likely to suffer sexual violence, corroborating other research. Among divorced/separated men the chances of experiencing sexual violence were also significant and need to be further explored. The study offers the possibility of problematization for the care of male victims of sexual violence, focusing mainly on the prevention of adverse effects after violence and the implementation of public policies in health that are more directed to the target audience, considering the main associated factors.

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