Usage and Dosage Analysis and Countermeasures for Development of Compound Preparations of Han Dynasty Famous Classical Formulas / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In order to provide a reference basis for the development of relevant compound preparations， this article takes a comprehensive analysis of the usage and dosage of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty from various perspectives， and gives corresponding countermeasures on this basis. Through the comprehensive analysis of the classification and statistics of Zhongjing's medication characteristics， decoction methods， administration and dosage， and combining conversion methods of weights and measures by ancient medical practitioners， along with the dosage and administration of the listed Han dynasty famous classical formulas， it was found that the "Jiangxi method" served as a general guideline for administration according to Zhongjing's original text. This method allowed for flexible dosing based on the conversion of the ancient measurements to modern equivalents［13.8 g per Liang（两）］， ensuring the safe and effective medication of these formulas. After combing， it is found that although the dosage of single medicine is large in famous classical formulas from Han dynasty， the administration is flexible. The crude drug amount per administration serves as the foundational dose， with the frequency of administration adjusted flexibly according to the condition. This dosing approach becomes the key for the rational development of compound formulations of famous classical formulas. Based on the conclusions of the study， it is recommended that when developing compound formulations of famous classical formulas in Han dynasty， the original administration method and dosage should be respected. The original crude drug amount per administration should be considered as the daily foundational dose， with the frequency of administration described within a range（1 to N times per day， where N is the maximum number of administrations as per the original text）. The specific frequency of administration can be adjusted flexibly by clinical practitioners based on the individual condition. This approach should also be adopted in toxicological studies， where the dosage per administration serves as the basis for toxicity research， and the toxicity profile at the maximum administration frequency should be observed， providing guidance on the clinical safety range. Corresponding drug labels should provide information within a range to indicate toxicological risk intervals.

Study on the Quality Analysis Method of Schizonepeta Spike Based on Multiple Feature Components"Quality-quantity"Double Standard / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Objective To establish a"quality-quantity"double standard control method of Schizonepeta Spike based on the reference material without relying on multiple reference substances.Methods HPLC technology was used to establish the characteristic atlas of Schizonepeta Spike based on the reference traditional Chinese medicinal materials.The chemical constituents of common peaks were identified by Q-TOF-MS technology,and the authenticity of Schizonepeta Spike was determined by the similarity of characteristic peaks of the reference traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the tested traditional Chinese medicinal materials.The relative content of each characteristic peak in different batches of the tested traditional Chinese medicinal materials was calculated by accurate quantition of pulegone.The"Average value-Standard deviation"was taken as the lower limit of the relative content of characteristic peak chemical components relative to pulegone,and the quality of Schizonepeta Spike was determined according to the lower limit of the relative content of characteristic peak.Results The characteristic atlas and content determination method met the requirements of methodology investigation.A total of 11 common chromatographic peaks were determined,and 6 chemical components were identified,which were luteolin,hesperidin,luteolin-7-O-glucuronide,luteolin,geranyl,pulegone.The similarity between the tested traditional Chinese medicinal materials and reference traditional Chinese medicinal materials was greater than 0.90.The lower limit of relative content of chemical components of Schizonepeta Spike characteristic peak was defined.Conclusion The method can identify Schizonepeta Spike clearly and quickly without many reference substances,and provide reference for quality control of Schizonepeta Spike.

Cigarette Beetles (Lasioderma Serricorne) Occurring in Plantago Seed / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In the pharmaceutical department of Iizuka Hospital, larvae of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) were found in Plantago seed for the first time since the Department of Japanese Kampo Medicine started in 1992. The larvae grew into pupae and then adults. The plastic-packaged Plantago seed was left for about 3 months, during which several larvae and adult cigarette beetles appeared. Cigarette beetles are very common insects in summer and it is important that we store crude drugs in hard closed containers in our refrigerators. The larvae can bite strongly and puncture plastic packaging, however they cannot live under 15 ℃. Education of crude drug storage for patients is very important.

Need for the standardization of medicinal plant drugs / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

Abstract@#In the past 30-40 years, the use of herbal medicines, preparations and herbal finished products have extensively increased worldwide. The lifestyle and life quality of the world population have changed with the following longevity. People become a concern to use effective, qualitative, safety, with fewer side effects naturally derived medicine and products for healthcare, to protect and cure various diseases. Therefore, it is very essential to develop standards for medicinal plant materials and crude drugs, including herbal medicine and finished products. Many factors influence the quality, safety, efficiency, availability and popularity of herbal medicine. Among them, the quality of medicinal plant materials and supplementary compounds are very important.</br> In this paper, the reasons and requirements for the standardization of medicinal plant materials and crude drugs, permissible and limited quantities of the quality and quantity of biologically active compounds, as well as and contaminants and residues are described.

Determination of Related Substances in Rifabutin Crude Drug and Capsules by HPLC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a method for the determination of related substances in rifabutin crude drug and capsules by HPLC. METHODS： HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent XDB-C8 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （pH 6.5±0.1） （50 ∶ 50， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm， the column temperature was 30 ℃， and sample size was 20 μL. The mobile phase was used as solvent to prepare the sample solution with a mass concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. The system suitability test was performed by using newly established method and current method （mass concentration of sample solution 0.5 mg/mL， C18 column） stated in quality standard of rifabutin crude drug and capsules. Related substance test was conducted for 6 batches of rifabutin crude drug and capsule （peak area normalization method）. RESULTS： The linear range of rifabutin was 0.8-16 μg/mL（r＝1.000 0）， RSDs of precision， reproducibility and stability tests （12 h） were all lower than 2.0％ （n＝6）； the limits of detection and quantification were 0.025 4， 0.085 2 μg/mL. In system suitability test， by using new method and current method， separation degree of rifabutin peak and pre-degradation product peak were 7.50 and 3.47. When 6 batches of samples were determined， the number of impurities detected by this method was 1-5 more than that by the current method， and the total amount of impurities was 0.19％-0.55％ higher. CONCLUSIONS： Established new method is well-separated and sensitive， and can be used for the determination of related substance in rifabutin crude drug and capsules， which helps the quality control of drugs.

Purification and characterization of two PR-10 protein isoforms from the crude drug of Angelica sinensis / 生物工程学报

Two proteins of similar molecular weight (named as ASPR-C-1 and ASPR-C-2) from the crude drug of Angelica sinensis were purified and characterized by 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-50 gel filtration chromatography, and DEAE-Sepharose anion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of ASPR-C-1 and ASPR-C-2 on SDS-PAGE was 17.33 kDa and 17.18 kDa, respectively. They were mainly monomeric in solution, but partially formed dimers and they were glycoproteins with glycosyl content of 2.6% and 8.2%, respectively. Both ASPR-C-1 and ASPR-C-2 were identified to be members of pathogenesis-related 10 family of proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and have ribonuclease activities with the specific activity of 73.60 U/mg and 146.76 U/mg, respectively. The optimum pH of the two isoforms was similar, at about 5.6, while their optimum temperatures were different. The optimum temperature of ASPR-C-1 was 50 ℃, and that of ASPR-C-2 was 60 ℃. Both isoforms presented highest thermal stability at 60 ℃. However, ASPR-C-2 was more thermotolerant than ASPR-C-1. The latter was rapidly inactivated and retained only about 20% residual activity while the former still maintained about 80% of its original activity at a higher treatment temperature (80 to 100 ℃). In addition, Fe²⁺ had an activating effect on the ribonuclease activities of two isoforms while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, EDTA (Elhylene diamine tetraacetic acid), dithiothreitol and sodium dodecylsulphate showed different degrees of inhibition of the enzyme activities. Our findings provide a foundation for further research on the biological function of PR-10 protein from Angelica sinensis.

Impact of Jumihaidokuto (Shi-Wei-Bai-Du-Tang) on Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Randomized Controlled Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of Jumihaidokuto (Shi-Wei-Bai-Du-Tang, ) in the management of chronic spontaneous urticaria.@*METHODS@#A randomized two-arm, parallel group study was conducted to compare the effect of Jumihaidokuto (6 g daily) with a control for 8 weeks. Concomitant therapy (e.g., antihistamines) was continued. Twenty-one subjects with severe chronic urticaria were enrolled in this study. The primary treatment outcome was the severity score proposed by the Japanese Dermatological Association. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (Skindex-16), itch intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), and patients' subjective disability due to wheal or itch. After the subjects were randomly assigned to groups by block randomization, 10 received Jumihaidokuto, and 11 did not. All subjects had already taken antihistamines.@*RESULTS@#Improvement was significant when comparing the severity score of the Jumihaidokuto group with that of the control group (P<0.01). Skindex-16 values for both groups gradually decreased in the same fashion.@*CONCLUSION@#Concomitant use of Jumihaidokuto with antihistamine was more effective than antihistamine alone in the management of chronic idiopathic urticaria. (Trial Registration No. UMIN000007251).

Technology of combining field processing and crude drug processing of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma / 中草药

Objective To optimize the method for integration of field processing and crude drug preparation of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) and to provide scientific evidence for the procedure of AR. Methods Four main factors including drying temperature of the fresh herbal medicine, the water content of the medicine, thickness of the products, and the drying temperature of decoction pieces were studied by using single factor experiment and orthogonal test. The content of timosaponin B-Ⅱ and mangiferin and the appearance of the products were selected as evaluation indexes to optimize the integral processing of AR by using comprehensive evaluating method. The changing of the body temperature of yeast-induced rat model was used to compare the antipyretic activity between the two processing technologies (the integration technology and traditional technology). The content of the blood glucose, insulin, and glycosylated serum proteins (GSP) in the blood of the STZ-induced diabetic rat model were selected as the evaluation indexes to compare the hypoglycemic activity between the two processing technologies. Results AR was dried at 50 ℃ for 11 h (water content of medicinal materials was 45%—50%), and then the flosses were knocked off in the drum for 30 min. The results showed that 40—50 ℃ was the best drying temperature, 45%—50% was the best water content, and then unhairing process were conducted for AR for 30 min. The thickness of the slice was 4 mm and the best drying temperature was 50 ℃. There were no significant differences in chemical composition and hypoglycemic activity between the integration technology and traditional technology, while the antipyretic effect of the integrated processing was better than that of the traditional technology. Conclusion The technology of integration of field processing and crude drug processing is feasible and it can be used in industrial production.

The Development for the Classification of Formula Based on the Main Crude Drug and Its Background ; Consideration for the Relationship Between the Classification of Formula Based on the Main Crude Drug in Japan and Formulae on Shang Han Za Bing Lun / 日本東洋医学雑誌

The Koho school has a high regard for formulation corresponding to sho uniquely developed as a conspicuous feature of Kampo medicine, and Ruihobunrui (the classification of formulae based on the main crude drug : CF) has played an important role in structuring the foundation of this development in the Koho school. CF is a classification method used to express the adaptation and characteristics of formulae in the Koho school, and is useful for research on drug compositions. Therefore, CF can be used effectively in both clinical practice and education. CF has shown little development in China after the appearance of Xu Ling Tai ; however, in Japan the development of CF centered on such influential figures as Todo Yoshimasu of the Koho school, and Naohiro Kitamura of the Kosho school. Kenzo Okuda and Keisetsu Otsuka used CF for clinical practice and education during the revival stage of Kampo medicine in the Showa era ; moreover, CF had a large effect on structuring the foundation of clinical application by formulating Kampo extracts for prescriptions. Thus, CF has played an important role in Kampo medicine. However, the research has been stopped in the present circumstances of Japan. We focus here on CF of the Koho school in Edo and Showa eras, and carried out considerations of CF to establish one of the characteristics of Kampo medicine that places importance on Shang Han Za Bing Lun.

Caracterización y estudio fitoquímico de Justicia secunda valh (Sanguinaria, Singamochilla, Insulina) / Characterization and phytochemical study of Justicia secunda valh (sanguinaria, singamochilla, insulina)

Introducción: las hojas de Justicia secunda Vahl. son ampliamente utilizadas en las poblaciones rurales de la costa ecuatoriana. Los pobladores la utilizan con fines medicinales sin que se hayan comprobado las propiedades que se le atribuye. El presente estudio se realizó con los extractos hidroalcohólico, alcohólico y etéreo de las hojas. Objetivos: caracterizar la droga cruda y varios extractos de J. secunda para determinar la presencia de metabolitos o principios activos con potencial medicinal y de esta manera analizar la posible utilidad en la elaboración de productos farmacéuticos. Métodos: se analizaron parámetros físico-químicos de la droga cruda, las hojas se recolectaron en la noche, se secaron hasta peso constante en una estufa a 30 °C ± 1 °C por 5 días y posteriormente se trituraron con un mortero, se pesaron y se obtuvieron los extractos por maceración con diversos solventes orgánicos; como etanol al 90 por ciento, éter dietílico y una solución hidroalcohólica al 50 por ciento v/v como menstruos. En el análisis fitoquímico se utilizaron técnicas cualitativas para la determinación de los principales metabolitos presentes en los extractos así como técnicas gravimétricas para determinación de cenizas totales, sólidos totales y porciento de humedad. Resultados: se constató que el contenido de cenizas totales y la humedad residual halladas en la droga cruda se encuentra dentro de los límites establecidos en la USP 37 para artículos de origen botánico. Además, se comprobó la presencia de alcaloides, cumarinas y glucósidos fenólicos en el extracto hidroalcohólico; taninos, glucósidos fenólicos y triterpenos y/o esteroides en el extracto alcohólico y alcaloides y triterpenos y/o esteroides en el extracto etéreo. Conclusión: la gran variedad de componentes químicos presentes en las hojas de J. secunda, le confieren un alto potencial para su uso medicinal como antiséptico, antiinflamatorio, antioxidante, entre otros(AU)

Introduction: Justicia secunda Vahl. leaves are widely used by rural populations from the Ecuadorian coast for medicinal purposes, but the properties attributed to it have not been verified. A study was conducted of hydroalcoholic, alcoholic and etheric leaf extracts. Objectives: Characterize the crude drug and several extracts of J. secunda to determine the presence of metabolites or active principles with medicinal potential, and analyze their possible usefulness to produce pharmaceutical products. Methods: An analysis was conducted of the physicochemical parameters of the crude drug. The leaves were collected at night and dried to constant weight in a stove at 30 °C ± 1 °C for 5 days. They were then crushed in a mortar and weighed. The extracts were obtained by maceration in various organic solvents, such as 90 percent ethanol, diethyl ether and a 50 percent v/v hydroalcoholic solution. For phytochemical analysis, qualitative techniques were applied to determine the main metabolites present in the extracts. Gravimetric techniques were used for determination of total ashes, total solids and percentage of humidity. Results: It was found that content of total ashes and residual humidity in the crude drug are within the limits established by USP 37 for items of botanical origin. Additionally, alkaloids, coumarins and phenolic glucosides were found to be present in the hydroalcoholic extract; tannins, phenolic glucosides and triterpenes and/or steroids in the alcoholic extract; and alkaloids and triterpenes and/or steroids in the etheric extract. Conclusion: The great variety of chemical components present in the leaves of J. secunda grants them high potential for medicinal use as antiseptic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant, among others(AU)

Habitat areas extracting of Poria cocos in Anhui based on "3S" technologies / 中国中药杂志

"Adversity" is one primary element that impacts the pharmacology components of authentic Chinese herbal medicine. Knowledge about "adversity" is a precondition of yield estimation, quality monitoring, location selection and the geo-herbalism protection. Used 3S(GIS, RS and GPS) technology to combine multi-source key ecological factors of "Anling", and used parasitic relationships between organisms to extracting its suitable region for the first time. Results showed that the "Anling" were mainly distributed in Dabie coteau. Suitable area amount to 36.8 km², Yuexi, Shucheng, Jinzhai and Qianshan which account for about 93.55% of whole congenial region. The first three accounts for about 80.82%. It was Yuexi that account for 1/3 above especially. Field investigation verify accuracy of extraction about 91.67%, which has confirmed it is feasible that using the relationship between parasitic host and parasitic to extract native environment of parasitic traditional medicine based on 3S technology.

Effects of Particle Size of Ticagrelor Crude Drug on in vitro Dissolution Behavior of Ticagrelor Tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects of particle size of ticagrelor crude drug on in vitro dissolution behavior of Ticagre-lor tablets. METHODS:Ticagrelor crude drug and different particle size of ticagrelor powder A,B,C,D,E after smashing for dif-ferent time(15,30,40,60 s)were used to prepare the tablet by wet granulation method. Accumulative in vitro dissolution rate of prepared tablets within 60 min were determined by UV spectrophotometry at 300 nm(using 0.2% tween as medium,paddle meth-od). Using original tablet as reference preparation,the similarity factor(f2)method was used to compare the similarity of dissolu-tion behavior between 5 prepared tablets and original tablet. RESULTS:d(0.9)of powder A,B,C,D,E were 69.181,40.778, 24.805,12.611,3.083 μm,respectively. The corresponding f2 were 27.77,36.79,50.06,67.68,79.99. CONCLUSIONS:The par-ticle size of ticagrelor crude drug is much smaller,and the dissolution behavior of prepared tablet is closer to that of original tablet. The in vitro dissolution rate of Ticagrelor tablets is improved remarkably by micronization technology. In order to produce Ticagre-lor tablets with the same bioavailability as original tablet,particle size of ticagrelor crude drug powder should be controlled with d(0.9)≤20μm.

Suggestions on improving administration of local crude drug quality standards / 中国中药杂志

To improve the administration of local crude drug quality standard, the administration history, and current administration situation of local crude drugs were reviewed, the legal orientation and positive effect of local crude drugs were analyzed, and the existing problems were summarized. It was found that many problems existed in the administration of local crude drug quality standards, especially the phenomenon of homonym and synonym on their names. The suggestions on improving the administration of local crude drug quality standards were proposed. First of all, the construction of legal system should be strengthened to improve the administration methods. Secondly, the coordination mechanism should be developed to solve the outstanding problems. Thirdly, the basic research should be enhanced to resolve the general technical problems. Lastly, the channels to transfer the local crude drugs into pharmacopeia standards should be developed to achieve dynamic administration.

Analysis of commercial specifications and grades of wild and cultivated Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix based on multi-indicative constituents / 中国中药杂志

The study is aimed to analyze the commercial specifications and grades of wild and cultivated Gentianae Macrophllae Radix based on multi-indicative constituents. The seven kinds of main chemical components containing in Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix were determined by UPLC, and then the quality levels of chemical component of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix were clustered and classified by modern statistical methods (canonical correspondence analysis, Fisher discriminant analysis and so on). The quality indices were selected and their correlations were analyzed. Lastly, comprehensively quantitative grade division for quality under different commodity-specifications and different grades of same commodity-specifications of wild and planting were divided. The results provide a basis for a reasonable division of specification and grade of the commodity of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix. The range of quality evaluation of main index components (gentiopicrin, loganin acid and swertiamarin) was proposed, and the Herbal Quality Index (HQI) was introduced. The rank discriminant function was established based on the quality by Fisher discriminant analysis. According to the analysis, the quality of wild and cultivated Luobojiao, one of the commercial specification of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix was the best, Mahuajiao, the other commercial specification, was average , Xiaoqinjiao was inferior. Among grades, the quality of first-class cultivated Luobojiao was the worst, of second class secondary, and the third class the best; The quality of the first-class of wild Luobojiao was secondary, and the second-class the best; The quality of the second-class of Mahuajiao was secondary, and the first-class was the best; the quality of first-class Xiaoqinjiao was secondary, and the second-class was the better one between the two grades, but not obvious significantly. The method provides a new idea and method for evaluation of comprehensively quantitative on the quality of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix.

The effect of different regions of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the effect of different regions of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor, and to providetheoretical basis and experimental basis for the clinical application of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch. Methods 5 batches of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch were collected, then the samples turned into alcohol extract by extraction and isolation. The IC50 values of alcohol extracts were measured by MTT in BMDM cell. B MDM cell were induced by the 5 batches of samples with IC50, then IL-6, IL-10, iNOS were detected by Elisa. The efficacy of different regions of tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch on macrophage inflammatory factor was evaluated by comparison with sulfasalazine. Results The content of IL-6 (4.22 ± 0.38 pg/ml, 4.55 ± 0.44 pg/ml vs.7.92 ± 0.84 pg/ml) and iNOS (0.07 ± 0.04 ng/ml, 0.28 ± 0.10 ng/ml vs. 0.86 ± 0.13 ng/ml) in HuNan and ZheJiang groups were significantly lower than sulfasalazine (P<0.05), and the content of IL-10 (19.34 ± 6.06 pg/ml, 24.34 ± 3.03 pg/ml vs. 9.06 ± 0.40 pg/ml) in Guizhou and Fujian groups were higher than sulfasalazine (P<0.05). Conclusion The anti-inflammatory effect of HuNan and ZheJiang's tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch treat rheumatoid arthritis is better than sulfasalazine, so theyaregenuine regional drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Additional research will analyze associations between tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) hutch and rheumatoid arthritis.

Research advances on detecting heavy metals and harmful elements based on fluorescent probe quantum dots / 中草药

In recent years, it is a hot spot of research on detecting heavy metals such as Pb (II), Cu (II), and Hg (II) and harmful element As (III) based on novel fluorescence probe quantum dots (QDs). This review introduced the preponderance optical properties and advantages of QDs. In addition, the principles of fluorescence quenching concerning ion complexing reaction, electron transfer, fluorescence resonance energy transfer and others, fluorescence enhancement and methods combined with rolling circle amplification of DNA, redshift of emission wavelength, fluorescence ratio and others were presented. Finally, the paper summarized the applications and took prospect to provide the basis for the detections of heavy metals and harmful elements in Chinese materia medica based on fluorescence probes QDs.

Determination of Chloride and Sulfate in Lithium Carbonate Crude Drug by Ion Chromatography / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of chloride and sulfate in lithium carbonate crude drug by sup-pressed ion chromatography. Methods:The analysis column and the guard column was Thermo IonPac AS11(250 mm × 4 mm) and IonPac AG 11(50 mm ×4 mm), respectively. Potassium hydroxide solution(10 mmol·L-1) generated by an eluent generator(EG) was used as the eluent at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . And the temperature of column and conductivity cell was 30℃ and 35℃, re-spectively. The suppressor electric current was 36 mA, and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear range of chloride ion and sulfate ion was 1. 0-20μg·ml-1 with r of 0. 995 1 and 0. 997 3,respectively, and the recovery was 106. 6%(RSD=2. 6%,n=6) and 100. 3%(RSD=1. 9%,n=6), respectively. Conclusion:The method is accurate and reliable, and can be used in the determina-tion of chloride and sulfate in lithium carbonate crude drug.

Determination of Residual of 4 Kinds Organic Solvents in Ecabet Sodium Crude Drug by Capillary GC / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the determination of residuals of petroleum ether,ethanol,xylene and ace-tic acid in ecabet sodium crude drug. METHODS:Capillary GC was performed on the column of PGE-20M capillary column at the flow rate of 1.7 ml/min,detector was hydrogen flame ionization detector,carrier gas was nitrogen with high purity,column temper-ature was 45 ℃,maintaining 4 min,it increased to 80 ℃ with rate of 10 ℃/min,then increased to 135 ℃ with rate of 30 ℃/min,maintaining 3 min,the injection mode was direct injection,inlet temperature was 250 ℃,and the volume injection was 1.0 μl. RESULTS:The mass concentration was 0.050-1.952 g/L for petroleum ether,0.050-1.941 g/L for ethanol,0.024-0.948 g/L for xy-lene and 0.050-1.947g/L for acetic acid(r=0.999 1-0.999 7);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.7%;recoveries were 99.3%-101.0%(RSD=0.7%,n=9),102.3%-103.7%(RSD=0.4%,n=9),101.2%-102.1%(RSD=0.3%,n=9) and 100.3%-102.2%(RSD=0.6%,n=9),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple and accurate,and can be used for the control of residual of organic solvents in ecabet sodium crude drug.

Pharmacognostic study on Ficus hirta / 中草药

Objective: To clarify the origin of Ficus hirta and to control the quality of the crude drug. Methods: The reference on F. hirta, the microscopic features of powder and tissue of the crude drug, plant morphology, and phytochemical TLC were observed and studied. Results: The result of study provides the using history and experiment research of F. hirta and characteristics of the crude drug, which could be used for the identification of the crude drug and Chinese patent medicine. Conclusion: The convenient and effective method for identification of crude drug and patent drug has been established, which provides the basis for quality control.

Evaluation of Physiochemical Screening and Standardization on the Root of Rotula aquatica Lour.

The root of Rotula aquatica is also called as pashanbed, belonging to the family Borogenaceae. It is widely distributed in India from kumaun to Assam and western to southern India.The medicinal values of plant lie in their component phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and other nutrients like as amino acid, proteins, which produce a definite physiological action on the human body. The proximate values such as moisture content, ash value, extractive value, were carried out. The dried roots powder was subjected to successive extraction with different solvents like petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, methanol, ethanol and water. Macroscopic as well as microscopic studies of any crude drug are the primary steps to establish its botanical quality control before going to other studies. Hence Standardization of crude drug plays a very important role in identifying the purity and quality of crude drugs. The present investigation reveals Standardization which include Moisture Content, Total ash, Acid insoluble ash, Water soluble ash, Water soluble Extractive value, Alcohol soluble Extractive value, Phytochemical screening, and further isolation and identification of Phytoconstituents.