Research progress of diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma / 国际外科学杂志

Diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma,one of the variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma,nearly account for 0.7％ to 6.6％ of papillary thyroid carcinoma.It is an aggressive tumor that shows higher rates of recurrence,metastasis and persistent disease compares to classic papillary thyroid carcinoma,thus diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma needs stricter and more exhaustive operation.Since the incidence of diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma is low,many physicians lack of understanding of the disease,it's often missed diagnosis or misdiagnosed.Consequently.In order to let physicians understand more about diffuse sclerosing variant papillary thyroid carcinoma,this paper will elaborate the epidemiology,clinic and pathology features of it.

Clinical Characteristics of Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diffuse sclerosing variant (DSV) is a rare variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and has been adopted as a histologic variant. Due to the limited number of cases and the heterogeneity of the tumor's clinical behavior, there is no consensus for DSV's optimal treatment and post-operative follow-up. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical manifestation, recurrence and prognosis of 10 patients with DSV. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed ten consecutive patients in whom DSV was first observed between 2000 and 2012. All patients are presently under active follow-up at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. Patients underwent a total thyroidectomy with central compartment and laterocervical lymph node dissection only when this involvement was documented by pre-surgery ultrasound examination with fine needle aspiration biopsy. RESULTS: The mean observation interval was 41.6 months. The ratio of male to female was 1 : 9, and the age of incidence was 34.2+/-11.4. The average size of mass was measured 2.9+/-1.9 cm. Upon the diagnosis, eight cases had central and lateral neck lymph nodal metastasis, which was confirmed during the operation. There was no distant metastasis, but one case was confirmed with lung metastasis during the follow-up period. There was no mortality during the follow-up periods in all ten cases. CONCLUSION: DSV of PTC has high risk characteristics of large tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, and multiple lymph nodes metastasis. We may expect comparable outcome with classical PTC by proper surgical treatment and postoperative radioactiveiodine ablation.

Carcinoma papilar tiroideo variante esclerosante difuso / Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Objetivo: Presentar un carcinoma inusual de tiroides y de difícil diagnóstico, su manejo y evolución. Caso clínico: Paciente de raza blanca de 37 años, desde hace 6 meses presentaba formación laterocervical derecha asintomática y ecografía con nódulo tiroideo sobre tiroides heterogénea. Sin antecedentes personales ni familiares de importancia. La punción de una adenopatía regional resultó adenocarcinoma y la del nódulo tiroideo: quiste coloide. Se intervino quirúrgicamente efectuándose un vaciamiento radical derecho y la biopsia por congelación informó carcinoma tiroideo por lo que se completó con vaciamiento cervical izquierdo y tiroidectomía total. La biopsia diferida fue: "carcinoma papilar difuso esclerosante con metástasis ganglionares en 5 de 6 ganglios peritiroideos derechos y en 7 de 9 ganglios cervicales, correspondiendo a 4 derechos y 3 izquierdos. Estadio: I, T3-N1b-M0. Se trató posteriormente con 3 dosis de yodo 131 y radioterapia externa por compromiso ganglionar mediastinal. A 6 meses de seguimiento hasta el presente, continúa libre de enfermedad. Los individuos con insulinorresistencia y síndrome metabólico presentan aumento del tamaño de la glándula tiroides y mayor prevalencia de nódulos. Tanto la insulina como la TSH se constituyen en factores de crecimiento para las células tiroideas, y los niveles de TSH son mayores en individuos con síndrome metabólico, presente en este caso. Conclusión: El carcinoma papilar, variante difusa esclerosante es un tumor inusual, de evolución más agresiva y con rápido compromiso extratiroideo y metástasis a distancia. Los autores declaran no poseer conflictos de interés.

Objective: To report a case of a diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma, a rare type of thyroid carcinoma, of difficult diagnosis, its management and further follow-up. Case: 37-year-old white male who presented with a 6-month history of sudden onset of an asymptomatic right-sided lateral cervical lump. No relevant previous medical or family history. On ultrasound, thyroid nodule, heterogeneous thyroid. A fine needle aspiration of a regional node was reported as adenocarcinoma and that of the thyroid nodule as a colloid cyst. Right radical neck dissection was performed. The intra-operatory biopsy revealed thyroid carcinoma; therefore, left neck dissection and total thyroidectomy were undertaken. Histopathology reported "diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma with metastasis to 5 of 6 right perithyroid lymph nodes and to 7 of 9 cervical lymph nodes, 4 on the right and 3 on the left. Stage: I, T3-N1b-M0". The patient received 3 doses of iodine 131 as well as external radiotherapy due to mediastinal mass. Follow-up at 6 months (to present) reveals he remains disease free. Thyroid gland enlargement and an increased prevalence of nodules is observed in subjects with insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Insulin and TSH are growth factors for thyroid cells, and TSH levels are higher in people with metabolic syndrome, present in this patient. Conclusion: The diffuse sclerosing carcinoma is a rare tumour of uncertain origin, with aggressive behavior, early extrathyroid invasion and distant metastasis. No financial conflicts of interest exist.

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma of a Diffuse Sclerosing Variant: Ultrasonographic Monitoring from a Normal Thyroid Gland to Mass Formation

A diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is uncommon and has a tendency for rapid growth and a higher incidence of cervical lymph node metastases. We experienced a case of a diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma in a 48-year-old man. This case showed benign features on initial ultrasonography and positron emission tomography (PET) scan. A new nodule was detected on follow-up ultrasonography that showed rapid enlargement. This case was confirmed by surgical excision. We herein describe the initial and follow-up ultrasonographic findings of a diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Cytologic Features of Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Carcinoma: Cytohistopathologic Analysis of 16 Cases

BACKGROUND: The exact preoperative diagnosis of diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma (DSPC) is required for aggressive surgical treatment due to its extended involvement with thyroid and neck lymph nodes. The present study investigated the cytomorphologic characteristics of DSPC and identified cytologic features for preoperative diagnosis of DSPC. METHODS: A retrospective review of cytologic and histologic features of 16 patients diagnosed with DSPC after thyroidectomy and underwent preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed. RESULTS: Prominent psammoma bodies were observed in 16 (100%) and 10 (62.5%) cases of histology and FNAC, respectively. Lymphocytes were observed in nine (56.2%) and four (25.0%) cases, and squamous cells were noted in seven cases (43.7%) and one case (6.2%) on histology and FNAC, respectively. Nuclear grooves and inclusions, which are characteristics of papillary carcinoma, were observed in FNAC and histology slides in all 16 cases. CONCLUSIONS: DSPC displays prominent psammoma bodies and characteristic nuclear features of papillary carcinoma such as nuclear groove and inclusion in FNAC. However, the preoperative diagnosis of DSPC using only FNAC could be difficult due to the absence of other characteristic features such as lymphocytes and metaplastic squamous cells.

Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A 17-year Experience at a Single Institution

PURPOSE: The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSPTC) is a rare histological subtype characterized by unique morphological features and aggressive behavior. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinocopathologic features and outcome of DSPTC over 17 years. METHODS: Twenty-six cases of DSPTC (0.5%) were identified among 5,527 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma treated between July 1990 and June 2007 at the Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine. The clinicopathological features and outcome of these patients with DSPTC were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 46 months (range, 1~202 months). RESULTS: Twenty patients were females and 6 were males, the age ranged from 5 to 70 years (median 30.5 years). Histologically, most of the patients demonstrated diffuse involvement of one or both lobes of the thyroid, variable degree of lymphocytic infiltration, squamous metaplasia, psammoma bodies, extensive sclerosis and extracapsular extension, along with a high incidence of lateral neck node metastases (17/26, 65.4%). Treatment was by complete surgical resection by means of a total thyroidectomy (24/26, 92.3%), modified radical neck dissection (17/26, 65.4%) and postoperative radioactive iodine therapy (22/26, 84.6%). Recurrences were noted in 6 cases (5 locoregional recurrence and 1 distant metastasis in bone). One patient died of an unrelated disease. The 10-year overall survival and disease specific survival rates were 83.8% and 100%, retrospectively, but disease free survival was 48.0%. CONCLUSION: DSPTC showed an unfavorable clinical course with a low overall disease free survival. An aggressive therapeutic approach and close follow-up are recommended.

An immunohistochemical study on calcifying tissues of the florid cemento-osseous dysplasia easily involving chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis

Florid cemento-osseous dyspalasia (FCOD) is a benign, non-neoplastic lesion characterized by multiple sclerosing masses only within jawbones. It is frequently confused with chronic diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis (CDSO) in previous literatures. In our study, two cases of FCOD were examined to know the characteristics of their calcifying tissues. The first case was non-infected, while the second case was severely infected, displaying the typical features of CDSO in clinico-radiologic findings. The infected FCOD case showed a lot of bacterial colonies in the main lesion with relatively rare inflammatory reaction. The globular cementum-like materials of FCOD showed woven bone pattern and was positive for Alcian blue stain, and also positive for the antibodies of ameloblastin, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) -2 and -4. On the other hands, in the immunostains of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -3, -9, -10, and TNF- alpha, macrophage infiltrated in the FCOD lesion was rarely observed. These data suggest that the cementum-like materials of FCOD contain various matrix proteins, and that the cementum-like materials are relevant to the overgrowth of the bacterial colonies by inhibition of the regional inflammatory reactions.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Diffuse Sclerosing Variant of Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report / 대한세포병리학회지

Diffuse sclerosing papillary carcinoma(DSPC), a variant of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, is characterized by diffuse involvement of one or both thyroid lobes, and histologic features such as prominent sclerosis, intense lymphocytic infiltrate, num erous psammoma bodies, and squamous metaplasia together with the charac teristic cytoarchitectural pattern of classical papillary carcinoma. We experienced a case of fine needle aspiration cytologic(FNAC) findings of DSPC, which was con firmed by histologic examination of the thyroidectomy specimens. The patient was 26 years old female who presented with diffuse firm enlargement of the thyroid gland with enlargement of many cervical lymph nodes. FNAC smears showed numerous psammoma bodies, many lymphocytes, metaplastic squamous cells, absence of stringy colloid, and epithelial cells showing classical features of papillary carcinoma, such as nuclear grooves, intranuclear inclusions, and ground glass chromatin pattern.