Ineffective treatment technique of convex epiphysiodesis for congenital scoliosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To discuss the long-term outcome of convex epiphysiodesis in the treatment for congenital scoliosis (CS).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 22 patients with hemivertebral deformity undergoing convex epiphysiodesis from the October 1998 to Febuary 2008 were respectively analyzed. There were 12 males and 10 females. The whole spine anteroposterior radiographs were taken preoperatively, at 3-month postoperatively and at the final follow-up to measure the main curve and the compensatory curve. The progression rate was calculated for each patient. Observing the correlation between the progression rate and annual progression of the scoliosis and age, gender, hemivertebral number, hemivertebral position, preoperative main curve Cobb angle and compensatory curve Cobb angle, comparing different ages, genders, hemivertebral number and position, and preoperative main curve Cobb angle on the progression of postoperative curve.@*RESULTS@#The mean Cobb angle of main curve changed from (40.5±9.8) ° before surgery to (39.5±11.1) ° at 3 months after surgery, which significantly increased to (46.8±13.9) ° in the final follow-up. Meanwhile the mean Cobb angle of compensatory curve was changed from (20.1±10.8) ° before surgery to (23.0±11.1) °, which significantly increased to (29.9±11.5) ° in the final follow-up. There were no significant differences in the Cobb angle of the main curve and the compensatory curve between postoperative 3 months and before operation (>0.05). The difference between the final follow-up and the preoperative, postoperative 3 months was statistically significant (<0.01). Twenty patients experienced progression of both main curve and compensatory curve, with a mean progression rate of (19.2±17.9)% for main curve and (39.6±37.0)% for compensatory curve. The annual progression volume was (1.5± 1.4) ° for main curve and (1.4±1.3) ° for compensatory curve. Three patients underwent lateral convex orthopedic internal fixation due to postoperative scoliosis progression. The curve progression was significantly correlated with age at the time of surgery and hemivertebral number. There was a significant correlation between the age of the operation, the main curve angle, the preoperative compensatory curve angle and the annual progression volume of the main curve (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The convex epiphysiodesis technique cannot effectively prevent curve progression of CS patients in the long-term follow-up. It is not recommended to apply this technique to the treatment of patients with congenital hemivertebrae.

Asimetría de miembros inferiores: resultados posteriores a epifisiodesis definitiva en la adultez en un hospital pediátrico de alta complejidad / Lower limb asymmetry: results after definitive epiphysiodesis at skeletal maturity in a high complexity paediatric hospital

Introducción En nuestro centro, el tratamiento quirúrgico más utilizado en niños con asimetría de longitud de miembros inferiores es la epifisiodesis definitiva percutánea. El objetivo del estudio es describir los resultados hasta la madurez esquelética y las complicaciones en niños con asimetría de miembros inferiores, tratados con epifisiodesis definitiva, en un hospital de pediatría de alta complejidad desde el año 1993, así como analizar variables relacionadas con el porcentaje de corrección. Materiales y métodos Es un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo por revisión radiológica e historias clínicas. Se incluyó a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de asimetría de miembros inferiores posterior a epifisiodesis definitiva como único tratamiento con radiografía hasta la madurez esquelética. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y análisis de regresión entre el porcentaje de corrección (AI ­ AF/AI) y las variables predictoras de sexo, etiología, asimetría inicial, predicha y en la adultez, edad de inicio del seguimiento y quirúrgica, método de predicción y desarrollo puberal. Se analizaron las complicaciones. Resultados 29 pacientes; 16 varones, y 21 congénitas. Mediana de edad a la cirugía: 12,1 (r: 10,8-13,6) y 13,7 (r: 11,4-15,2) años en mujeres y varones, respectivamente. La asimetría en la adultez fue inferior a 2 cm en el 69%. El rango del porcentaje de corrección fue del 2,6 al 106,5%, lo que se asoció negativamente a la pubertad avanzada (coeficiente: -23,9; p = 0,025) y positivamente a Moseley (coeficiente: 38,9; p = 0,056). Complicaciones: alteración del eje en zona 1 (10%). Discusión La epifisiodesis definitiva percutánea fue una herramienta eficaz y segura para el tratamiento de asimetrías de longitud de miembros inferiores en nuestros pacientes. Hacemos hincapié en la evaluación del desarrollo puberal durante el seguimiento para optimizar los resultados en la adultez. Nivel de evidencia clínica Nivel IV.

Background The most used surgical treatment in children with leg length discrepancy is permanent percutaneous epiphysiodesis. The purpose of this study is to describe the results at skeletal maturity, as well as the complications in children with leg length asymmetry treated with permanent epiphysiodesis, in a high complexity paediatric hospital since 1993, and to analyse the variables related to the percentage of correction. Materials and methods Descriptive, retrospective study, including a review of clinical and radiological records. The study included all patients with a diagnosis of lower limb asymmetry, and who had permanent epiphysiodesis as only treatment, as well as an x-ray at skeletal maturity. A descriptive analysis and a regression analysis were performed between the percentage of correction and predictor variables, gender, aetiology, initial and predicted asymmetry, and at adulthood, method of prediction, and pubertal development. Complications were analysed. Results The study included 29 patients, of which 16 were boys, and 21 were congenital. The median age at surgery was 12.1 (range: 10.8-13.6) and 13.7 (range: 11.4-15.2) years in females and males, respectively. Asymmetry at adulthood was less than 2 cm in 69% of cases. The range of the correction percentage was 2.6 to 106.5%, being associated negatively to the presence of advanced puberty (Coeff= -23.9; P=.025) and positively associated with Moseley (Coeff= 38.9; P=.056). The complications included angular deformity in zone 1 (10%). Discussion Permanent percutaneous epiphysiodesis was an effective and safe tool for the treatment of leg length discrepancy in our patients. Emphasis is placed on the evaluation of pubertal development during follow-up in order to optimise results at adulthood. Level of evidence IV.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de las dismetrías y deformidades angulares de miembros inferiores mediante epifisiodesis con tornillos transfisarios (técnica de Metaizeau) / Surgical treatment of lower limb length discrepancy and angular deformity by epiphysiodesis with transphyseal screw (Metaizeau technique) / Tratamento cirúrgico das dismetrias e deformidades angulares de membros inferiores mediante epifisiodese com parafusos transfisários (técnica de Metaizeau)

Evaluamos los niños con dismetrías y deformidades angulares operados mediante la Técnica de Metaizeau en el período 2010-2014, mediante un estudio retrospectivo de 11 pacientes, analizados en 2 Grupos. Grupo 1 (Dismetrías), formado por 5 pacientes, de los cuales 3 fueron operados solamente mediante esta técnica, mientras que 2 requirieron adicionalmente procedimientos de alargamiento femoral, valoramos dismetría inicial, dismetría por predicción para el último control y para el final de la madurez, y dismetría final. Grupo 2 (Deformidades Angulares), formado por 6 pacientes, de los cuales 1 presentaba genu varo, 4 genu valgo y 1 valgo de tobillo, valoramos el ángulo femorotibial anatómico, ángulo femoral distal lateral anatómico, ángulo tibial proximal medial, y ángulo tibioastragalino. En ambos Grupos se valoraron las complicaciones. El seguimiento promedio fue de 2 años y 5 meses. En el Grupo 1 obtuvimos dismetría promedio inicial 7,64 cm., dismetría promedio por predicción para el último control 8,54 cm., dismetría promedio final 7,62 cm., corrección promedio lograda 0,91 cm. En el Grupo 2 el promedio de corrección del ángulo femorotibial anatómico 16,85˚, promedio de corrección del ángulo femoral distal lateral anatómico 16,85˚, promedio de corrección del ángulo tibial proximal medial 7,62˚. No detectamos complicaciones en ningún paciente. En 8 (72,72%) pacientes la Técnica fue efectiva, mientras que en 3 (27,27%) los resultados fueron malos por errores técnicos o error en la predicción. La Técnica de Metaizeau, respetando los detalles quirúrgicos y realizando una adecuada predicción, es una buena opción para el tratamiento de dismetrías y deformidades angulares.

We evaluated children with lower limb length discrepancy and angular deformity operated by the Metaizeau technique in the 2010-2014 period through a retrospective study of 11 patients analyzed in 2 groups. Group 1 (Lower limb length discrepancy), consisted of 5 patients, among whom 3 were operated only by Metaizeau technique, whereas the other 2 additionally required procedures for femoral elongation. We evaluated initial discrepancy, predicted discrepancy for ultimate control and at maturity, and final discrepancy. Group 2 (Angular deformity), consisted of 6 patients, among whom 1 had genu varum, 4 genu valgum and, 1 ankle valgus. We evaluated anatomic femorotibial angle, anatomic lateral distal femoral angle, medial proximal tibial angle, and tibio talar angle. In both groups the complications were assessed. The average follow-up was 2 years and 5 months. In Group 1 we obtained the following values: average initial discrepancy, 7.64 cm; average discrepancy predicted for ultimate control, 8.54 cm; average final discrepancy, 7.62 cm and average correction achieved, 0.91 cm. In Group 2 the values were: average correction anatomic femorotibial angle, 16.85˚; average correction anatomic lateral distal femoral angle, 16.85˚ and average correction medial proximal tibial angle, 7.62˚. We found no complications in any patient. In 8 patients (72.72%) the technique was effective, while in 3 (27.27%) the results were poor due to technical errors or prediction errors . Metaizeau Technique, respecting the surgical details and making an accurate prediction is an effective, simple and uncomplicated procedure.

Avaliamos as crianças com dismetrias e deformidades angulares operadas pela técnica de Metaizeau no período de 2010 até 2014, mediante um estudo retrospectivo de 11 pacientes analisados em dois grupos. Grupo 1 (Dismetrias), constituído por cinco pacientes, dos quais 3 foram operados apenas por esta técnica, enquanto que os outros dois precisaram de procedimentos adicionais de alongamento femoral. Avaliamos a dismetria inicial, a dismetria por predição para o último controle e para o final da maturação, e a dismetria final. Grupo 2 (deformidades angulares), constituído por 6 pacientes, entre os quais um apresentava genu varo, 4 genu valgo e um, valgo do tornozelo. Avaliamos o ângulo femorotibial anatômico, o ângulo femoral distal anatômico o ângulo femoral distal lateral anatômico, o ângulo tibial proximal medial, e o ângulo tibioastragalino. Em ambos os grupos foram avaliadas as complicações. O seguimento médio foi de 2 anos e 5 meses. No Grupo 1, obtivemos dismetría inicial média de 7,64 cm, dismetria média por previsão para o último controle de 8,54 cm, dismetría final média de 7,62 cm e correcção média atingida de 0,91 cm. No Grupo 2, a correção de ângulo tibiofemoral anatómica média 16,85˚, correção média do ângulo femoral distal lateral anatómico 16,85˚, e correção média de ângulo tibial proximal medial de 7,62˚. Não detectamos complicações em nenhum paciente. A técnica foi efetiva em 8 (72,72%) pacientes, mas em 3 (27,27%) os resultados foram insatisfatórios por erros técnicos ou na predicção. A técnica de Metaizeau, desde que sejam respeitados os detalhes cirúrgicos e seja feita uma predicção adequada, é uma boa escolha para o tratamento de dismetrías e deformidades angulares.

Preliminary application of 3D printing in vitro guide plate assisted deformity correction in child genu varus or valgum / 重庆医学

Objective To research and prepare the individualized knee in vitro guided plate by 3D printing technique and to investigate the feasibility of its application in 8-plate epiphysiodesis.Methods Twelve children patients with knee varus or valgum in our hospital from January 2014 and November 2016,7 boys and 5 girls,average age of 8.2 years old,were performed the lower extremity continuous spiral CT scanning in the knee straight position.The Dicom format stored CT data were imported into software Mimics 15.0 for reconstructing the knee joint 3D model.The knee joint data after reconstruction were guided into software Geomagic1 1.0 with the.stl format.According to the demand that screws without perforating epiphyseal and joint surface,paralle ling to the epiphyseal and locating in the anterior-posterior median line of epiphyseal,the 8-plate placing screw navigation template was designed and printed by using the 3D printing technique;the 8-plate plate and screw internal fixation was conducted by intraoperative template location.The placed screw position was evaluated by postoperative CT.Results The imaging identification showed that 8-plate epiphysiodesis by using 3D printing individualized in vitro guided plate had accurate screw placement.The cases were followed from 6 months to 2 years,the satisfactory orthopedic effect was obtained in all cases.Conclusion Preparing the individualized knee in vitro guided plate by applying 3D printing technique in assisted 8-plate epiphysiodesis for treating child knee varus or valgum has accurate screw position and satisfactory effect.

Electrocautery technique for proximal tibial epiphysiodesis in Labrador retriever puppies: experimental study / Técnica de eletrocauterização para epifisiodese proximal da tíbia em cães filhotes da raça Labrador Retriever: estudo experimental

There are few studies about the treatment options for cranial cruciate ligament rupture in growing dogs, especially with epiphysiodesis techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the electrocautery technique for proximal tibial epiphysiodesis in Labrador retriever puppies. The novel electrocautery technique was compared with the screw technique regarding the efficacy for tibial plateau leveling in growing dogs. Six healthy Labrador retriever puppies were divided into two groups. The screw technique was used in one group and the electrocautery technique was used in the other group. Both proximal tibial epiphysiodesis techniques for tibial plateau leveling were effective in achieving reduced tibial plateau angle and did not cause significant joint changes. The screw technique was more invasive and caused slightly greater morbidity than the electrocautery technique. The electrocautery technique seems to be a good alternative for proximal tibial epiphysiodesis in young dogs.(AU)

São descritos poucos estudos sobre as opções de tratamento para a ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães na fase de crescimento, especialmente em relação às técnicas de epifisiodese. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a técnica de eletrocauterização para epifisiodese proximal da tíbia em cães filhotes da raça Labrador Retriever. A nova técnica de eletrocauterização foi comparada com a do parafuso em relação à eficácia para nivelamento do platô tibial em cães na fase de crescimento. Seis filhotes saudáveis da raça Labrador foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. A técnica do parafuso foi usada em um grupo, enquanto no outro foi usada a da eletrocauterização. Ambas as técnicas de epifisiodese proximal da tíbia para nivelamento do platô tibial foram eficazes na redução do ângulo do platô tibial e não causaram alterações articulares importantes. A técnica do parafuso foi considerada mais invasiva e causou morbidade um pouco mais acentuada do que a da eletrocauterização. Assim, a técnica da eletrocauterização parece ser uma boa alternativa para a epifisiodese proximal da tíbia em cães jovens.(AU)

Comparación entre resultados obtenidos en la corrección de valgo tibial proximal en pacientes pediátricos con sistema de grapas y sistema de placas en el Hospital Ortopédico Infantil Caracas Venezuela 2000-2007 / Comparison of results obtained in the proximal tibial valgus correction in pediatric patients with staple system and system of plaques in the Hospital Ortopédico Infantil 2000-2007 Caracas Venezuela

Las deformidades axiales de los miembros inferiores, motivo de consulta habitual, no corregen espontáneamente si son persitentes y sginificativas. La epifisiodesis produce la corrección grudual de la deformidad en un procedimiento mínimamente invasivo, en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros, en genu valgum y varum, con grapas o placas y tornillos. Según las observaciones clínicas, las placas permiten un mejor resultado en tiempo más corto, menor daño a la fisis y menos riesgo de complicaciones o falla de material en comparación con las grapas. La comparación de las técnicas en engrapado y placa en la resolución de deformidades en valgo de tibia proximal en los pacientes pediátricos en el Hospital Ortopédico Infantil, durante el periodo 2000 al 2007. Estudio retrospectivo simple y comparativo, se evaluaron 36 pacientes de ambos sexos con el diagnostico de Valgo Proximal Tibial, idiopáticos o asociados a otras patologías, que fueron tratados en el Hospital Ortopédico Infantil durante 2000 al 2007 con las técnicas de grapa y placa, mediante revisión de controles pre y postoperatorios de la historia clínica, y por medición radiológica de los ángulos FDLm, TPMm y MAD en radiogrfías panorámicas pre y postoperatorias. Se estudiaron 36 pacientes de ambos sexos, (16 varones y 20 niñas), promedio de edad de 10 años +/- 3,3 años. Existen similitudes en los primeros 12 meses en esta muestra, pero a partir de ese momento la Placa alcanza los valores de corrección antes que las grapas. Según la pendiente Y, la placa se proyecta para correcciones de 6,62 mm cada 6 meses, en cambio la grapa se proyecta para correciones de 5,72 mm cada 6 meses. Los valores del ángulo se estabilizan con la placa, y en cuanto a la grapa, se continúa la corrección en sentido contrario. La pendiente Y indica que la placa corrige -1,95º cada 6 meses, y la grapa corrige -2,95º cada 6 meses hacia el varo. Según la prueba ANOVA, combinando las variables Tiempo-Material, la placa alcanza....

The axial deformities of the lower limbs, common reason for consulation, will not correct spontaneously if they are persistent and significant. Epiphysiodesis produce gradual correction of deformity in a minimally invasive procedure in skeletally immature patients in valgum and genu varum with staples or plates and screws. According to clinical observations, the plates allow a better result in shorter time, less damage to the physis and less risk of complications or failure of material compared with the staples. Comparison of stapling techniques and plaque in the resolution of valgus deformity of proximal tibian in pediatric patients at Children's Orthopedic Hospital during the period 2000 to 2007. A retrospective and comparative simple, we evaluated 36 patients of both sexes with a diagnosis of Proximal Tibial Valgus, idiopathic or associated with other diseases, which were treated at the Children's Orthopedic Hospital during the period 2000 to 2007 with the techniques staple and plate by reviewing pre-and postoperative checks of medical record, and radiological measurements of the angeles FDLm, TPMm, and MAD in pre-and postoperative panoramic radiographs. We studied 36 patients of both sexes (16 boys and 20 girls), mean age 10 +/- 3,3 years. There are similarities in the first 12 months in this sample, but from that moment on the plate reaches the values of correction rather than staples. According to the slope and The plate is projected to corrections from 6,62 mm every 6 months, however the clip is projected to corrections of 5,72 mm every 6 months. The angle values are e¡stabilized with the plate, and as for the clip, continue the correction in the opposite direction. The slope indicates that the board and fixes -1,95º every six months, and the clip fixes -2,95º every six months into varus. According to the ANOVA test, combining the time-material variables, the plate reaches the expected correction before on the staple, the period aroun 12 months would.....

Bilateral genu valgus secondary to mixed gonadal dysgenesis

The case report of a patient who manifested uncommon somatic features of mixed gonadal dysgenesis - asymmetric neckwebbing, tall stature and genu valgi. The knee problem was managed by the fusion of the knee physes both medically and surgically. The timing of surgical treatment (epiphysiodesis) was important. This was done when closure of all the physes were observed. With the cessation of maldirected growth, realignment of the femur by supracondylar osteotomy could now be done without fear of recurrence of the deformity

Percutaneous Epiphysiodesis / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Leg length discrepancy in the growing children was developed by multiple causes; such as congenital, infection, traumatic, and mechanical facotrs etc. The discrepancy have been treated by several methods including bony lengthening which is preferable method, but epiphysiodesis also has been one of the valuable methods in which was applied to the treatment of mild to moderate leg length discrepancy in the growing children. We report on patients(15 cases) with leg length discrepancy treated by percutaneous epiphysiodesis since July 1986. There were 8 males and 7 females and the average age of them was 12.6 years old. And we also performed an experimental study which was to find out the effectiveness of the pereutaneous physeal destruction comparing the techningues between curette and drill in the bony models. The causes of leg length discrepancy were trauma in 8 cases and osteomyelitis in 2 cases, congenital dislocation of the hip in 2 cases, poliomyelitis, Legg-Galve-Perthes disease, congenital hemihypertropy in each 1 case. The average preoperative leg length discrepancy was 2.6cm(range:1.9-3.7cm), and average anticipated discrepancy without operation have been 3.7cm(range:2.2-6.3cm) at maturity. The final discrepancy was 0.9cm after 43 months follow-up. According to the result by experimental study, percutaneous epiphysiodesis with curette technique would be more effective and safe than drill thchnique. Percutaneous epiphysiodesis might be one of the useful methods for the treatment of mild to moderate degree of leg length discrepancy in the growing children, and also could be applied combining with bony lengthening for treatment of severe degree of leg length discrepancy.

Final Follow-up of Epiphysiodesis at Skeletal Maturity in Residual Poliomyelitis / 대한정형외과학회잡지

During the twenty two years, Aug. 1963 through Aug. 1985, we performed 83 cases of epiphysiodesis on patients with leg length discrepancy due to poliomyelitis. In an attempt to determine the accuracy of predicted correction, we analyzed predicted final discrepancy at the time of operation and actual final discrepancy at or near skeletal maturity. Of the 83 cases, 30 cases were available for final evaluation. Among four methods of prediction that have been employed, those of White and Stubbins, and Anderson, Green and Messner were statistically reliable. The method of Gill and Abbott was statistically not reliable in our series, presumably because it utilizes percentile distribution of stature based on Caucasian population in the United States. Mosley's prediction was also made on 8 of the cases. However, we were unable to reach statistically significant conclusion, obviously because of short period of preoperative assessment on limited number of cases at this time. Prediction of correction on 5 cases in which both lower extremit.ies were affected, was statistically not reliable in all methods employed.