Prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en indígenas de cinco departamentos de Paraguay

Introducción: los trastornos mentales comunes pueden tener un impacto significativo en la vida de los indígenas, pueden provocar discapacidad, disminución de la productividad y aumento de la mortalidad. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes en indígenas de cinco departamentos de Paraguay durante el 2022. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal en indígenas residentes en los departamentos de Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Concepción, Caaguazú, Presidente Hayes de Paraguay. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Este instrumento constó de 20 preguntas de tipo sí/no correspondientes al mes anterior a la entrevista. Resultados: participaron del estudio 779, indígenas de entre 18 a 69 años de edad. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,89, la medida de Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin fue 0,88. El SRQ+ fue del 25,80 % (201), el 14,51 % (113) tuvo síntomas de depresión, el 16,17 % (126) tuvo síntomas de ansiedad, y el 12,58 % (98) tuvo síntomas de psicosis. Conclusión: se encontró una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales comunes, de acuerdo al Self Reporting Questionnaire, siendo el más frecuente al psicosis. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de mejorar el acceso a los servicios de salud mental para los indígenas de Paraguay.

Introduction: common mental disorders can have a significant impact on the lives of indigenous people, leading to disability, decreased productivity, and increased mortality. Objective: to determine the prevalence of common mental disorders in indigenous people from five departments of Paraguay in 2022. Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study was conducted in indigenous people residing in the departments of Alto Paraguay, Boquerón, Concepción, Caaguazú, and Presidente Hayes, Paraguay. Data were collected using the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). This instrument consisted of 20 yes/no questions pertaining to the month prior to the interview. Results: a total of 779 indigenous people aged 18-69 years participated in the study. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, and the Kaiser-Meyers-Olkin measure was 0.88. The SRQ+ was 25.80 % (201), 14.51 % (113) had symptoms of depression, 16.17 % (126) had symptoms of anxiety, and 12.58 % (98) had symptoms of psychosis. Conclusion: a high prevalence of common mental disorders was found, according to the SRQ, with psychosis being the most common. These findings underscore the need to improve access to mental health services for indigenous people in Paraguay.

Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais, Brasil / Therapeutic itineraries of quilombola women in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil

Resumo Os quilombolas são grupos étnico-raciais de ancestralidade negra e tiveram seus territórios consolidados no Brasil em regiões com acesso difícil e distante dos grandes centros. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer o itinerário terapêutico (IT) adotado por mulheres quilombolas em comunidades tradicionais localizadas no norte do estado de Minas Gerais. Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem qualitativa com o modelo teórico utilizando o sistema de cuidados à saúde de Arthur Kleinman. O estudo se deu em 23 comunidades quilombolas do norte de Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistadas 40 mulheres quilombolas, com idades entre 25 e 89 anos. A análise dos dados foi realizada seguindo os IT. Emergiram unidades de análise que foram agrupadas em três categorias: as mulheres quilombolas e o significado da saúde e do cuidado; o sistema de cuidado profissional nas comunidades quilombolas; e itinerário de cuidados nas situações vivenciadas pelas mulheres. O itinerário terapêutico das comunidades se mostra relacionado principalmente às ações de medicina popular. Foi possível observar ainda que existem fragilidades em relação à atenção à saúde devido a fatores como dificuldade de acesso aos serviços institucionalizados.

Abstract Quilombolas are ethnic-racial groups, of black ancestry, and had their territories consolidated in Brazil in regions with difficult access and far from large centers. The objective of this study is to know the therapeutic itinerary (IT) adopted by quilombola women in traditional communities located in the North of the state of Minas Gerais. This is a qualitative study with the theoretical model using the Arthur Kleinman health care system. The study scenario was 23 quilombola communities in northern Minas Gerais. Forty quilombola women aged between 25 and 89 years were interviewed. Data analysis was performed following the IT. Units of analysis emerged that were grouped into three categories: quilombola women and the meaning of health and care; the professional care system in quilombola communities; and route of care in situations experienced by women. The therapeutic itinerary of the communities is mainly related to the actions of popular medicine. It was also possible to observe that there are weaknesses in relation to health care due to factors such as difficulty of access to institutionalized services.

Saúde mental indígena em território de conflitos: o caso da comunidade Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro no sul da Bahia / Indigenous mental health in conflict territory: the case of the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro in southern Bahia

Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma perspectiva da saúde mental a partir do estudo dos efeitos dos conflitos pela terra e da organização comunitária na aldeia Tupinambá da Serra do Padeiro, no sul da Bahia. A luta pela terra com a retomada do território destaca-se enquanto força produtora de saúde, com potência de suplantar as agruras vividas em um contexto de ameaças, violências e traumas. Para isso, diferentes saberes, práticas e atores, indígenas e não indígenas, são continuamente articulados. Os modos de organização da comunidade se inserem como elemento-chave para prevenção e recuperação da saúde mental, evitando agravos nos conflitos territoriais e promovendo condições para reabilitação e inserção social. A espiritualidade, o trabalho, a cultura, a coletividade e o diálogo interétnico são aspectos centrais de proteção e promoção da saúde mental.

Abstract This study offers a mental health perspective based on the study of the effects of conflicts over land and community organization at Aldeia Tupinambá in Serra do Padeiro in southern Bahia. The struggle for land with the repossession of the territory stands out as a force that produces health with the power to overcome the hardships experienced in a context of threats, violence, and trauma. For this, Indigenous and non-Indigenous knowledges, practices, and actors are continuously articulated. The community's ways of organizing itself are inserted as a key-element to prevent and recover mental health, avoid injuries in territorial conflicts, and promote conditions for rehabilitation and social insertion. Spirituality, work, culture, community and interethnic dialogue are central aspects of protecting and promoting mental health.

Desafios da Psicologia Indígena no atendimento a estudantes universitários / Challenges of Indigenous Psychology in providing assistance to university students

Objetivo Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir a abordagem da psicologia indígena no cuidado de estudantes indígenas em contexto universitário. Método Utilizando o método qualitativo, este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso detalhando a trajetória de formação da Rede de Escuta e Desaprendizagens Étnico-Subjetivas, para analisar a aplicação dos pressupostos da psicologia indígena no suporte a estudantes indígenas e seus familiares na Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Resultados Evidenciou-se a necessidade de reconhecer diferentes epistemologias para uma conexão terapêutica respeitosa. Foram observados desafios na aplicação de práticas alinhadas com a psicologia indígena, destacando a coautoria nas sessões, a valorização das perspectivas dos pacientes e as desaprendizagens contínuas. O estudo dos elementos culturais das etnias envolvidas mostrou-se crucial para evitar a patologização das cosmovisões e subjetividades indígenas. Conclusão A psicologia indígena apresenta-se como um vetor de mudança nas disputas de narrativas culturais, destacando a lacuna na abordagem clínica e a necessidade urgente de estudos para desenvolver intervenções personalizadas para o atendimento das diferentes etnias indígenas.

Objective This article aims to discuss the approach of indigenous psychology in the care of indigenous students in a university framework. Method Using a qualitative method, this article presents a case study detailing the formation trajectory of the Rede de Escuta e Desaprendizagens Étnico-Subjetivas (Network of Ethno-Subjective Listen-ing and Unlearning) to review the application of the principles of indigenous psychology in sup-porting indigenous students and their families at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp, State University of Campinas), Brazil. Results The study highlighted the need to recognize different epistemologies for respectful therapeutic connections. Challenges were faced in the application of practices aligned with indigenous psychology, emphasizing co-authorship in sessions, valuing patients' perspectives, and continuous unlearning. The study of the cultural elements of the ethnicities involved proved crucial to avoid the pathologization of indigenous worldviews and subjectivities. Conclusion Indigenous psychology presents itself as a tool for the changes in the cultural struggles, highlighting the gap in clinical approaches and the urgent need for further studies to develop personalized interven-tions for the care of the diverse indigenous ethnicities.

Psicologias indígenas em desastres: construção de linhas de cuidado ao Bem-Viver de povos originários / Indigenous psychology in disasters: lines of care construction for the "Buen Vivir" of original peoples

Objetivo Em 2021, povos indígenas Pataxó, Pataxó Hãhãhãe e Tupinambá foram atingidos por inundações intensas na Bahia. A situação exigiu respostas imediatas das equipes locais de saúde, contando com a assessoria de especialistas em desastres e emergências em saúde pública. Esse estudo de caso aborda o processo de construção de linhas de cuidado ao Bem-Viver dos povos originários afetados, por meio do trabalho colaborativo entre etnias indígenas e equipes de políticas públicas de saúde. Método Foram analisados registros de reuniões, um curso de formação para profissionais de saúde indígena e três documentos de referência. Resultados Abordou-se possibilidades e desafios no cuidado ao Bem-Viver na fase de resposta pós-desastres e emergências em saúde pública, com a garantia da especificidade e do protagonismo das comunidades atendidas. Conclusão Foram apresentadas considerações para o processo de construção de linhas de cuidado ao Bem-Viver de povos originários, buscando oferecer subsídios à conformação de políticas públicas consoantes às particularidades sócio-histórico-culturais de cada etnia.

Objective In 2021, the indigenous communities Pataxó, Pataxó Hãhãhãe and Tupinambá, in the state of Bahia, Brazil, were hit by intense floods. The situation required immediate response from local health professionals, with advice from experts in public health disasters and emergencies. This case study focuses on the development of lines of care for the "Buen Vivir" of affected original peoples through collaborative work between indigenous ethnic groups and public health policy professionals. Method Analysis of the records of meetings, a training course for indigenous health professionals and three reference documents was carried out. Results Possibilities and challenges for assuring the "Buen Vivir" in the post-disaster and public health emergency response phase were addressed, guaranteeing the specificity and protagonism of the communities served. Conclusion Contributions were presented along the lines of care construction processes for the "Buen Vivir" of indigenous peoples, pursuing subsidies for public policies in accordance with the socio-historical-cultural particularities of each ethnic group.

Desigualdad de género y paternidad adolescente en dos comunidades indígenas de Chiapas, México / Gender inequality, and adolescent fatherhood in two indigenous communities in Chiapas, Mexico

Resumen Introducción: La paternidad adolescente ha sido considerada un importante problema social que recientemente ha empezado a estudiarse desde la construcción sociocultural de las masculinidades y la desigualdad de género. Este trabajo contribuye a documentar la experiencia de la paternidad adolescente en las comunidades rurales indígenas Ch'oles y Tseltales del estado de Chiapas, México. Metodología: El estudio fue realizado a través de un enfoque cualitativo, la técnica de acopio de información consistió en entrevistas semiestructuradas y la selección de las personas participantes fue mediante la técnica de bola de nieve lineal. Se completó un total de 25 entrevistas. En específico, se entrevistó a 16 personas menores de 20 años que fueron padres o madres en la adolescencia; a cinco varones de 24 a 40 años; y a cuatro varones de 50 años o más. Resultados: La paternidad adolescente se asocia con la construcción de las masculinidades soportada en normas socioculturales tradicionales, como el pago por la novia, la poliginia y el intercambio de mujeres. El embarazo adolescente se asocia con la importancia de la paternidad para los hombres, pese a la resistencia de las mujeres a unirse y embarazarse tempranamente. Conclusiones: Diversas condiciones facilitan la ocurrencia de la paternidad adolescente no como un fenómeno individual, aislado, sino en el contexto de la producción económica de las estructuras familiares y de la subordinación de las mujeres, el cual se ha mantenido más allá de algunos cambios generacionales.

Abstract Introduction: Teenage paternity has been considered an important social problem that has been recently studied from the sociocultural construction of masculinities and gender inequality. This work contributes to documenting the experience of adolescent fatherhood in two Ch'ol and Tseltal indigenous rural communities in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Methodology: The study was conducted through a qualitative approach, the data collection technique consisted of semi structured interviews and the selection of participants was through the linear snowball technique. Twenty-five complete interviews were carried out in two stages, 13 in each locality, of which 16 were with children under 20 years of age who were fathers and mothers in adolescence, five with men between 24 and 40 years old, and four with men aged 50 and over. Results: Adolescent fatherhood is associated with the construction of masculinities, supported by traditional sociocultural norms such as payment for the bride, polygyny, and the traffic of women. Teenage pregnancy is associated with the importance of fatherhood for men despite the resistance of women to unite and get pregnant early. Conclusions: There are some conditions that facilitate the occurrence of adolescent fatherhood, but not as an individual, isolated phenomenon, but rather in the context of economic production, family structures and the subordination of women, which have remained despite some generational social changes.

Anthropological commentary on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a Bangladesh perspective

From a Bangladeshi perspective, this commentary discusses the problem of vaccine hesitancy (VH) and its outcome within the Bangladeshi population, including minority ethnic groups. Relatively low vaccination rates among the Bangladeshi population are associated with people's social and economic conditions and are the focus of public health activities and regulations in the broader region. This short commentary uses examples from minority ethnic groups in Bangladesh, including tribal groups, to address three main objectives. First, the need to understand better population management over vaccine outcomes and efforts to minimise overlooking the minority ethnic population. This understanding can assist in overcoming the reluctance of VH among the Bangladeshi people in a trusted and sustainable manner. Secondly, being part of a more comprehensive rethinking of public health interactions with minority ethnic populations, this commentary promotes exploring the epidemiological context of the VH rate among the Bangladeshi people. This paper proposes strengthening the credibility of vaccinations rather than recommending measures to encourage vaccine coverage in Bangladesh. Finally, it emphasises how crucial it is to interact with minority ethnic groups in the context of the new public health preparation strategies following Bangladeshi VH concepts. This article examines survey data and secondary information. PubMed and Google Scholar identified literature reviews to support the proof for exploring the possible concerns regarding VH among the Bangladeshi population.

Estado nutricional autopercibido y riesgo cardiovascular en grupos étnicos de adultos de La Guajira colombiana

Objetivo: Determinar la autopercepción del estado nutricional y el riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) de los grupos étnicos de La Guajira colombiana. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo-transversal en 233 individuos adultos de zonas urbanas en tres municipios de La Guajira. Se evaluó la autopercepción del estado nutricional, la intención de realizar actividad física (AF), estado nutricional, calculando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y el riesgo cardiovascular a través del índice cintura-cadera [Ci/Ca]), estas se relacionaron con el grupo étnico (afrocolombiano, indígena y no étnico) y el estrato socioeconómico (1, 2 y >3). Se calcularon Odd Ratios (OR) para determinar la relación entre el RCV y el resto de las variables. Resultados: El 56,7 % de la muestra fueron mujeres, un 38,2 % afrocolombianos, un 32,2 % conformado por población indígena. El 65,2 % no contemplaba realizar AF y el 58,4 % presentó una autopercepción de su estado nutricional normal. Se encontró además que solo un 39,5 % presentó un IMC normal; un 48,5 % presentó un alto RCV. Se observó un alto RCV en mujeres afro-colombianas (OR= 3,22; IC 95 % 1,3-7,8) e indígenas (OR= 4,35; IC 95 % 1,7-10,9) en comparación con mujeres no étnicas (OR= 1, condición de referencia); así mismo, un mayor RCV en mujeres y hombres con sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Existe una alta prevalencia de RCV en la población de La Guajira, especialmente en las mujeres afrocolombianas e indígenas, siendo el IMC un indicador asociado al RCV en ellas.

Objective: To determine the self-perception of nutritional status and cardiovascular risk (CVR) of ethnic groups in La Guajira, Colombia. Materials and methods: Descriptive-cross-sectional study in 233 adult individuals from urban areas in three municipalities of La Guajira. Self-perception of nutritional status, intention to engage in physical activity (PA), nutritional status, calculating body mass index (BMI) and cardiovascular risk through waist-hip index [Ci/Ca]) were evaluated, these were related to ethnic group (Afro-Colombian, indigenous and non-ethnic) and socioeconomic stratum (1, 2 and >3). Odd Ratios (OR) were calculated to determine the relationship between CVR and the rest of the variables. Results: 56.7% of the sample were women, 38.2% were Afro-Colombian, 32.2% were indigenous population. 65.2 % did not consider doing PA and 58.4 % presented a self-perception of their nutritional status as normal. It was also found that only 39.5 % had a normal BMI; 48.5 % had a high CVR. A high CVR was observed in Afro-Colombian (OR= 3.22; 95 % CI 1.3-7.8) and indigenous women (OR= 4.35; 95 % CI 1.7-10.9) compared to non-ethnic women (OR= 1, reference condition); likewise, a higher CVR in overweight and obese women and men (p < 0.05). Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of CVR in the population of La Guajira, especially in Afro-Colombian and indigenous women, with BMI being an indicator associated with CVR in them.

Analysis on the characteristics of rural blood donation population in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the status and characteristics of voluntary blood donors in rural areas of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture (referred as Dali), and to provide basis for scientific and effective voluntary blood donation in rural population in regions inhabited by ethnic groups. 【Methods】 The data of rural blood donors who donated blood in Dali from 2010 to 2019 were collected, including demographic data as nationality, gender, age, educational background, as well as the blood donation frequency and blood infection screening (index) results. The above data of urban blood donors who donated blood in Dali during the same period were selected to investigate the increasing trend of blood donation rate. SPSS26.0 was used for statistical analysis of the collected data of rural and urban blood donation population. 【Results】 From 2010 to 2019,the number of blood donors in Dali increased from 13 949 to 19 479,with an increasing rate of 39.64%. The number of rural blood donors increased from 2 623 to 8 727,among which the number of ethnic minority groups increased from 1 779 to 5 059.The ratio of male to female blood donors was 70.30% (1 844/2 623) vs 29.70% (779/2 623) in 2010,56.37% (4 919/8 727) vs 43.63%(3 808/8 727) in 2019. Those with educational level of junior middle school or below were the most, accounted for 43.97%(38 443/85 836),with ethnic donors of 24.47%(23 583/85 836). The proportion of donors aged between 36 and 45 was the highest[40.73% (30 477/74 827) ], with ethnic donors of [28.56% (21 374/74 827), and the proportion of repeated blood donors was 54.87%(35 279/64 299),with ethnic donors of 49.89%(18 080/36 240) [the proportion of repeated blood donors in urban donors in the same period was 48.13% (55 677/115 675) ] (P0.05). 【Conclusion】 It is of great significance to explore the characteristics of blood donors in rural areas (especially regions inhabited by ethnic groups) and the reasons for disqualification, in order to scientifically carry out the recruitment of voluntary blood donors and further promote blood donation for rural residents

Relationship between histone deacetylase gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bai and Han populations in Dali of Yunnan Province / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the relationship between histone deacetylase (HDAC) gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Bai and Han populations in Dali of Yunnan province.Methods:A total of 148 patients with T2DM of Bai and Han nationalities who received treatment in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital from May 2019 to March 2021 were included in the T2DM group. An additional 100 healthy controls of Bai and Han nationalities who concurrently received physical examination in the same hospital from May 2019 to December 2020 were included in the normal control group. The susceptibility genes of T2DM were detected using the Taqman MGB probe method. The susceptibility gene loci were amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The whole sequence of susceptibility gene was sequenced.Results:There were no significant differences in the distribution frequencies of rs2530223 genotype, rs11741808 genotype, rs2547547 genotype, and rs1741981 genotype between Bai and Han populations (all P > 0.05). There was a significant difference in blood lipid level between four loci ( t = -1.06, -0.19, 0.39, -2.12, -2.04, 0.16, 1.47, < 0.01, -0.16, -3.17, -2.93, 0.69, -2.58, -2.33, all P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance between different states (all P < 0.05). The frequency distributions of each genotype and each allele did not differ significantly between healthy control people of Bai nationality and T2DM patients of Bai nationality and between healthy control people of Han nationality and T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the polymorphism was not an independent risk factor for T2DM. Conclusion:The relationships between HDAC gene polymorphism and T2DM, obesity and dyslipidemia differ between Bai and Han populations.

Las personas jornaleras y la COVID-19: prevención y condiciones laborales en Sonora, México

Objetivo. Analizar la relación de las condiciones sociolaborales con el cuidado de la salud ante la COVID-19 entre la población jornalera en dos municipios de Sonora, México. Metodología. A través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y observaciones de campo, se evaluaron las prácticas de cuidado y las disposiciones sanitarias implementadas por los centros de trabajo agrícola. Se realizaron 22 entrevistas, 18 en el municipio de Hermosillo, y 4 en San Miguel de Horcasitas. Resultados. Las actividades agrícolas en México no cesaron, las personas continuaron sus labores en un contexto diverso de medidas preventivas. Encontramos una disparidad en las distintas unidades productivas, las cuales llevaron a cabo protocolos orientados al cuidado de la cosecha, pero en detrimento de la salud humana. El medio de transporte agrícola y la práctica de pagos en las localidades carecieron de acciones suficientes para prevenir el contagio. Conclusiones. Las condiciones sociolaborales obstaculizan la mitigación de la pandemia. Bajo ese panorama, necesariamente las autoridades competentes deben homogeneizar los protocolos sanitarios ante la COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between socio-labor conditions and health care in the face of COVID-19 among the farmworkers in two municipalities of Sonora, Mexico. Method: . Through semi-structured interviews and field observations, the care practices and health provisions implemented by the agricultural work centers were analyzed. Twenty-two interviews were conducted, 18 in the municipality of Hermosillo and 4 in San Miguel de Horcasitas. Results: Agricultural activities in Mexico did not cease and farmworkers continued their work in a diverse context of prevention measures. We found a disparity between the different productive units, which carried out protocols oriented to the care of the harvest to the detriment of human health. The means of agricultural transport lacked sufficient attention in terms of contagion prevention. The practice of payments in the localities without a sanitary protocol was evident. Conclusion: The intervention of the health authorities is necessary to homogenize the prevention protocols in the face of COVID-19. Socio-labor conditions are an obstacle to pandemic mitigation.

Etnicidad y gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue: Estudio observacional retrospectivo / Ethnicity and severity of dengue virus infection: Retrospective observational study

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre la etnicidad y la gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue en población mexicana. Materiales y Métodos Se analizaron de manera retrospectiva los datos registrados por el Gobierno Federal de México con respecto a los casos confirmados de dengue. El análisis se realizó desde el 3 de enero hasta el 29 de noviembre de 2021. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio para evaluar la asociación de la etnicidad con la necesidad de hospitalización y muerte utilizando Chi-cuadrado. También se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar otros indicadores de gravedad. Resultados Se evaluaron 5 759 pacientes; la media de edad fue 27 años y el 1,9 % era indígena. No se observó una asociación significativa entre la etnicidad y la gravedad del dengue tras analizar el porcentaje de muertes y hospitalizaciones. En el modelo crudo se encontró que los factores asociados a hospitalización fueron ser menor de edad (OR: 2,48; p<0,001), vivir en una entidad de alta marginación (OR: 2,06; p<0,001), tener cirrosis hepática (OR: 5,71; p=0,033), enfermedad renal crónica (OR: 4,76; p=0,008) o hipertensión (OR: 2,57, p<0,001). La asociación se mantuvo en la mayoría de variables evaluadas en el modelo ajustado. Conclusiones No fue posible demostrar asociación entre la etnicidad y la gravedad de la infección por el virus del dengue en el presente estudio. Son necesarios estudios prospectivos con la inclusión de una mayor cantidad de pacientes de etnia indígena.

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods We analyzed a national database of confirmed patients with dengue; data was collected between January 3 to November 29, 2021. We extracted the following information: demographics, ethnicity, associated comorbidities and outcomes of interest (need for hospitalization and death). Exploratory analysis using Chi-square was undertaken to examine the relationship between dengue severity and ethnicity. Other covariates were also included in logistic regression models (unadjusted and adjusted). Results 5 759 patients were included in our analysis; the mean age was 27 years and 1,9% were indigenous people. There was no association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection as measured by the percentage of people who died or required inpatient care. In the unadjusted model, we found an association between the following risk factors and need for hospitalization: age under 18 (OR: 2,48; p<0,001), living in rural areas (OR: 2,06; p<0,001), cirrhosis (OR: 5,71; p=0,033), chronic kidney disease (OR: 4,76; p=0,008) and arterial hypertension (OR: 2,57, p<0,001). In the adjusted model, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension were found to be associated with hospitalization. Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study of patients with dengue, we could not find and association between ethnicity and severity of dengue infection. Prospective studies that consider ethnicity are urgently needed.

Factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes mellitus en comunidades indígenas de cuatro países (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Chile) en el periodo 2010-2020 / Risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus in indigenous communities of four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile) in the period 2010-2020

RESUMEN Objetivos Comparar factores de riesgo asociados a diabetes mellitus en comunidades indígenas de cuatro países (Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y Chile) en el periodo 2010-2020. Métodos Se hizo una revisión de literatura y la recolección de información se realizó a través de consulta en diferentes bases de datos como: SciELO, PubMed, Dialnet, LILACS, en idiomas español, portugués e inglés; la selección de documentos se llevó a cabo a través de una matriz de sistematización y el empleo de criterios preestablecidos. Resultados Se destacaron factores personales como ser adulto mayor, sexo femenino, bajo nivel de escolaridad y hábitos alimenticios poco saludables; dentro de los aspectos culturales, poca adherencia a los tratamientos convencionales y consumo de hierbas y plantas medicinales; respecto a los aspectos sociales, estuvo relacionada la migración, la poca accesibilidad a servicios de salud y la falta de profesionales que conozcan los códigos culturales. Conclusión En cada país existe una predilección por un factor de riesgo específico. Sin embargo, existen similitudes en cuanto a características personales, hábitos nutricionales y factores culturales; la conjugación de estos permite que la enfermedad tenga mayor incidencia en unos países frente a otros. Además, se observa un cambio significativo de factores que incluyen aspectos del entorno.

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus in indigenous communities in four countries (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Chile), in the period 2010-2020. Methods The collection of information was carried out through consultation in different databases such as: SciELO, PubMed, Dialnet, LILACS, in Spanish, Portuguese and English; the selection of documents was carried out through a systematization matrix and the use of pre-established criteria. Results It was highlighted as personal factors to be an older adult, female sex, low level of schooling and unhealthy eating habits; within the cultural aspects the low adherence to conventional treatments and consumption of herbs and medicinal plants; regarding social aspects, migration, poor accessibility to health services and the lack of professionals who know cultural codes were related. Conclusion Each country has a predilection for a specific factor, however, there are similarities in terms of personal characteristics, nutritional habits, and cultural factors; the conjugation of these allows the disease to have a higher incidence in some countries compared to others; in addition, there is a significant change in factors that include aspects of the environment.

Infecciones de transmisión sexual en poblaciones étnicas autóctonas latinoamericanas. Revisión sistemática. / Sexually transmitted infections in Latin American autochthonous ethnic populations. Systematic review

Las infecciones de transmisión sexual constituyen un problema de salud pública al que no escapan las comunidades de las etnias autóctonas en Latinoamérica, lo que requiere una atención especial de la ciencia y políticas adecuadas de los estados. Se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de desarrollar una revisión sistemática integrativa acerca de la ITS en poblaciones étnicas autóctonas latinoamericanas, siguiendo la metodología establecida por Mendes et al., cumpliendo con los criterios de calidad PRISMA. Las autoras procesaron información de 21 artículos científicos que cumplieron con los criterios de calidad del sesgo, los que abarcaron resultados empíricos de estudios desarrollados en entornos de 12 países latinoamericanos. Se concluyó que existen problemas psicosociales, socioculturales y de políticas públicas que inciden en esta problemática de salud.

Sexually transmitted infections are a public health problem that indigenous communities in Latin America do not escape. This issue requires special attention from science and appropriate policies from the states. This research aimed to develop an integrative systematic review about STIs in Latin American autochthonous ethnic populations, following the methodology establi-shed by Mendes et al., fulfilling with the PRISMA quality criteria. The authors processed infor-mation from 21 scientific articles that fulfilled the bias quality criteria, which included empirical results of studies carried out in settings of 12 Latin American countries. It was concluded that there were psychosocial, sociocultural and public policy problems that affect this health problem

The prevalence and related factors of pre?diabetes and diabetes among overweight and obese children in Urban schools

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of pre?diabetes and diabetes among overweight and obese children in urban schools and factors associated with them, in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka. Methods: A school based cross?sectional descriptive study was conducted to collect data on socio-demographic information, eating habits and physical activities, using a validated, pre-tested questionnaire. In addition, anthropometric measurements and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test were performed. Multivariate logistic regression analyze was performed to identify the factors associated with glycemic status by using SPSS v23. Results: Out of the 269 children recruited, 59% were obese. Prevalence of pre?diabetes (HbA1c 5.7%�4%) and diabetes (HbA1c ? 6.5%) were 20.1% (95% CI 15.5%�.4%) and 3.3% (95% CI 1.5%�3%) respectively. Multivariate regression shows that having a BMI of ? 27.5Kg/m2 (AOR=2.69), male gender (AOR=2.71) and ethnicity (AOR = 2.58) were found to be significant factors for higher HbA1c (?5.7%). Conclusions: Prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes among overweight and obese school children was high and mainly associated with body weight which is a modifiable risk factor. Lifestyle modifications focusing on weight reduction among overweight and obese school children especially boys, need to be carried out.

Observation on the composition and distribution of human papillomavirus infection and its aging changes in female genital tract of Zhuang and Han nationality in Guangxi / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To study the composition and distribution of human papillomavirus(HPV)in female genital tract of Zhuang and Han nationality in Guangxi.Methods:The composition and distribution of cervical human papillomavirus(HPV)infection in Han and Zhuang women visiting Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from August 2012 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed to provide the basic data for prevention and treatment of HPV infection.A total of 20 736 cases were divided into Han nationality group(n=16 390 cases)and Zhuang nationality group(n=4 346 cases). Polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect HPV type 21 and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of cervical HPV in women of different ethnic groups in this area.Results:In the 20, 736 cases, the proportion of positive HPV was 27.0%(5 591/20, 736). Among them, positive HPV accounted for 27.7%(4 536)in the Han group, and 24.3%(1 055)in Zhuang group, which were statistically significant( χ2=20.17, P<0.01). Peak age of infection in Zhuang women was more than 65 years.The most common HPV genotypes in both ethnics groups in Guangxi were HPV 16, 52, 58, 18, and 53.In women with positive HPV, the constituent ratio of HPV16 and HPV 52 rose with age ageing, while constituent ratio of HPV 6 and 11 presented the opposite trend. Conclusions:The HPV and HR(high-risk)-HPV positive composition ratio is lower in Zhuang women than in Han women in Guangxi.Among Han and Zhuang females, HPV 16, 52, 58, 18 and 53 have the highest positive composition ratio.HPV genotyping shows an age-increasing change.

Stress Levels and Associated Factors Among Nursing Students From Different Ethnic Groups in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Nursing education and training is known to be an inherently stressful experience and poses challenging demands for students. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress levels among nursing students from different ethnic groups in Malaysia. Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited the January to February 2020 nursing students from a private university in Malaysia with a self-administered questionnaire. Participants’ level of stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) developed by Sheu and colleague in 2002. Data collected were analyzed with, One-way ANOVA and Spearman analysis to determine the significant factors associated with stress. Results: Two hundred nursing students across years one to three enrolled. The mean monthly household (family) income was MYR4686.25 ± 4660.38. Stress was significantly associated with ethnicity and monthly household (family) income (p< 0.05). Bonferroni post-hoc test demonstrated that the mean stress level of Malay students is statistically significant compared to Chinese and Indian students (p< 0.001). The PSS determined the nursing students’ stress level to be moderate. Conclusion: The association of stress levels with ethnicity, and monthly household (family) income suggested the need for suitable cultural and sufficient financial support for nursing students to reduce their stress levels.

Correlation between HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del allele interaction and psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality in Inner Mongolia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the effect of HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del allele interaction on the risk of psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality in Inner Mongolia. Methods:A total of 365 Mongolian patients with psoriasis vulgaris who received treatment in The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from January 2006 to December 2015 (case group) and 284 healthy subjects who concurrently received physical examination in the same hospital (control group) were included in this study. After sex and age matching, and quality control, the correlations between HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del allele and psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. The interaction between HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del alleles (adjusting for potential confounders including age and sex) was analyzed using logistic regression. Results:Logistic regression interaction item Int of dominant inheritance mode HLA-Cw*0602 allele and recessive inheritance mode LCE3C_LCE3B-del allele revealed OR = 2.38, P = 0.033, and interaction index S = 1.21, indicating that there was a synergistic effect between the two alleles. Conclusion:The co-existence of HLA-Cw*0602 and LCE3B_LCE3C-del may increase the risk of psoriasis vulgaris in a population of Mongolian nationality in Inner Mongolia.