Effectiveness of pilates-based exercises on the diastasis recti abdominis in climacteric women: a randomized controlled trial

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have related the climacteric period with changes in connective tissue elasticity that may be related to diastasis recti abdominis. Mat Pilates is a method of exercise without impact that currently has more practitioners, due to its satisfactory results. However, there are no studies that evaluate the effectiveness of mat Pilates for women with diastasis recti abdominis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the mat Pilates program in climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. METHODS: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial evaluated climacteric women with diastasis recti abdominis. The participants were randomized into the experimental group, which participated in 3 weekly sessions of mat Pilates for 12 weeks for a total of 36 sessions, and the control group (without exercises). The inter-rectus distance was measured with a digital caliper. The G*Power Version 3.1.9.2. software was used for the sample calculation, and the SPSS 20.0 program was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study comprised 21 women, including 10 in the control group and 11 in the experimental group, with mean ages of 54.3 ± 7.1 and 55.3 ± 6.0 years and body mass index values of 28.8 ± 5.5 kg/m2 and 29.9 ± 4.48 kg/m2, respectively. In the experimental group, reductions were observed in all the measures related to diastasis recti abdominis (p<0.05) in the supraumbilical, umbilical, and infra-umbilical regions. CONCLUSION: The mat Pilates method is effective for reducing diastasis recti abdominis in the climacteric period.

Effect of self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency in the association of physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the roles of self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency in the relationship between college students physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs, in order to provide a basis for the positive effects of college students physical activity on smoking cessation beliefs.@*Methods@#From May 6 to 23 in 2023, 3 048 students from 10 colleges in Jiangxi Province were recruited and surveyed using the Physical Activity Participation Scale, the Smoking Cessation Self efficacy Scale, the Smoking Rationalization Tendency Scale and the Smoking Cessation Belief Scale. The Harman one way test was adopted for common method bias test. Bias correction was unfolded by Bootstrap method, and 95% confidence intervals of parameter estimates were analyzed using repeated sampling 5 000 times.@*Results@#The results of the sequential mediation model analysis showed that physical activity was positively associated with college students beliefs about smoking cessation ( β =0.17), and physical activity, self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency were positively associated with each other ( β =0.41, 0.08, 0.19) ( P <0.05). Both self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency positively predicted smoking cessation beliefs ( β =0.19, 0.17, P <0.01). Self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency mediated the relationship between physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs, with a mediating effect value of 0.09, accounting for 62.82% of the total effect value (0.15).@*Conclusions@#Self efficacy and smoking rationalization tendency have a serial mediating effect between physical activity and smoking cessation beliefs among college students. Interventions should be actively used to enhance college students beliefs about smoking cessation, promote smoking cessation behaviors.

Intervention effects of moderate and high intensities of classroom physical activity on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function among junior grade one students in Tibetan / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of different intensity of classroom physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan first grade students at high altitude, so as to provide reference for improving the level of cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function of Tibetan adolescents.@*Methods@#From September to December 2020, 184 Tibetan students from five first grade classes in a middle school in Lhasa, Tibet, were randomly assigned into a control group (81 students in two classes) and an intervention group (103 students in three classes). Both groups followed the same teaching programme, but the intervention group received 36 sessions of moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity, one session per day, Monday,Wednesday and Friday, for 12 weeks. Before and after the intervention, cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function were tested by 20m round trip running and Flanker s experimental paradigm, 2-back s experimental paradigm, and More odd shifting experimental paradigm for inhibitory control, refreshing memory, and switching flexibility, and the results were analysed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare the results of the pre and post intervention periods.@*Results@#The maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) of Tibetan first grade students in the intervention group increased by 2.25 mL/(kg〖WW）〗·〖WW(〗min) compared with the control group after the intervention ( t =-3.89, P <0.01); the response time of the inhibitory function was reduced by 4.40 ms, that of the refreshing function by 196.06 ms, and that of the switching function by 92.72 ms in the intervention group compared with the control group ( t =2.98, 4.82 ,3.21, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The 12 week moderate to high intensity classroom physical activity intervention has different degrees of improvement effects on cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in Tibetan adolescents.

Effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise habits in teachers in the Yangtze River Delta Region / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage and their interactions on teachers exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta Region, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of a sports and health promotion intervention program for teachers.@*Methods@#A total of 2 530 in service teachers from four provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Delta region, namely, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Anhui Province, were sampled in May-June 2023 by using convenient cluster random sampling method. Self designed questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the surveyed teachers, Physical Activity Building Environment Evaluation Questionnaire and the Sports with Fitness APP Usage Questionnaire were used to measure the teachers subjective perception of the community building environment and the usage of sports with fitness APP, respectively. Physical Exercise Habituation Scale was used to assess the level of exercise habits. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the effects of community building environment and sports with fitness APP usage on physical exercise, and the interaction effects were analyzed by using additive and multiplicative models.@*Results@#Among all the teachers surveyed, 658 of them reported good physical exercise habits (26.0%), and differences in the rate of physical activity habit formation by gender, age, years of teaching, as well as subject of teaching were statistically significant ( χ 2=42.94, 39.73, 35.47, 218.23 , P <0.05). Teachers with physical exercise habits had significantly higher community building environment scores and sports and fitness APP use than teachers without exercise habits ( t =12.17,16.54, P <0.05). Adjusting for the confounders of age, gender, years of teaching experience, and subjects taught, multifactorial unconditional Logistic regression analysis showed that the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 22% for every 1-point increase in the community building environment score on average ( OR =1.22, 95% CI =1.11-1.40), and the probability of teachers having good physical exercise habits increased by 16% for every 1-point increase in the sports with fitness APP score on average ( OR = 1.16 , 95% CI =1.03-1.31) ( P <0.05). Interaction analyses showed that there was an additive interaction between the effects of community building environment and sports and fitness APP use on teachers physical exercise habits after adjustment, and the 95% CI for RERI , API and SI were 1.17 -1.65, 0.12-0.46 and 1.78-3.33 ( P <0.05), respectively, and there was no multiplicative interaction ( P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#The community building environment and the usage of sports & fitness APP show impacts in the formation of teachers physical exercise habits in the Yangtze River Delta region, and there is an interaction effect. Enhancing the construction of smart sports centers around the community can provide a high quality external environment for the physical exercise habits formation.

Aassociation of school natural environment perception, exercise identification and exercise behavior among junior high school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the relationship of school natural environment perception, exercise identification and exercise behavior, so as to provide references for promoting and improving exercise behavior among junior high school student.@*Methods@#A total of 607 junior high school students were selected from Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jilin and Henan provinces by adopting a combination of convenience sampling and stratified cluster random sampling methods, and a longitudinal tracking survey was conducted over a threemonth period in two stages (T1: March 2023, T2: June 2023), from March to June 2023. Assessment was carried out by using School Natural Environment Perception Scale, Physical Exercise identification Scale and Physical Activity Rating Scale. The associations of school natural environment perception, exercise identification and exercise behavior were explored using correlation analysis and the crosslagged model.@*Results@#For the junior high school students during T1 and T2 periods, there were positive correlations between the two of school natural environment perception, exercise identification and exercise behavior (r=0.04-0.61, P<0.01). The crosslagged analysis revealed that school natural environment perception in T1 period significantly predicted exercise identification (β=0.22, P<0.01) and exercise behavior (β=0.18, P<0.01) in T2 period. Moreover, the exercise identification in T1 period significantly predicted school natural environment perception (β=0.18，P<0.01) and exercise behavior in T2 period (β=0.19, P<0.01). However, the effects of exercise behavior on the school natural environment perception (β=0.03) and exercise identification (β=0.03) were not statistically significant (P>0.05).@*Conclusions@#For the junior high school students, school natural environment perception and exercise identification are the cause variables of the exercise behavior. Moreover, school natural environment perception and exercise identification have an interactive effect.

Impact of smart physical education assignment on physical health of male college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the impact of smart physical education assignment on physical health of male university students, so as to provide theoretical support and practical references for physical health improvement of male university students and implementing smart sports assignments.@*Methods@#From September 2023 to January 2024, 317 sophomore male students from six Taekwondo elective classes at Hunan Institute of Engineering were selected and were randomly divided into an intervention group (n=157) and a control group (n=160). The intervention group was given sports assignments twice a week through smart means with an intervention duration of 15 weeks, each time for 25-35 minutes, in addition to the teaching according to the public course syllabus, while the control group was taught according to the public course syllabus. The physical and health indicators of both groups were tested before and after intervention,then the differences in various physical health indicators between two groups of students before and after intervention were compared through ttest and Mann-Whitney U test.@*Results@#After the intervention, the vital capacity, 50 m run, sitandreach, 1 000 m run, and pullup scores of the intervention group significantly improved compared to those before intervention. The scores improved from (3 918.27±737.34)mL, 7.88(7.53,8.45)s, 9.80(2.70,15.75) cm, 4.30(4.12,4.50) min and 3.00(0.00,7.50) times to (4 574.19±800.61) mL, 7.65(7.37,8.12)s, 17.20(11.80,21.55)cm, 4.13(3.58,4.31)min and 5.00(1.00,10.00) times,respectively (t/Z=-7.60, 2.61, -8.39, 5.62, -2.72, P<0.05). Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in physical health indicators between the intervention group and the control group (P>0.05).After intervention,the scores of the intervention group on the vital capacity,50 m run,sitandreach,1 000 m run and pullup, were significantly higher than those of the control group [(4 310.97±808.90)mL, 7.75(7.40,8.30)s, 14.10(8.42,17.87)cm, 4.29(4.08,4.45)min and 4.00(1.00,7.00) times] (t/Z=2.91, -4.55, -4.75, -4.15, 2.58, P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Having 25-35 min smart physical education assignment twice a week can effectively improve physical health level of male college students. It is recommended to assign appropriate amount of smart sports homework to improve physical health level of college students, while ensuring the amount and intensity of physical activity in public physical education courses.

Desempenho no teste FMS® em mulheres e homens praticantes de exercício resistido / FMS® performance of women and men practicing resistance training

Introdução: Os exercícios resistidos (ER) compõem o programa de condicionamento físico de um grande número de indivíduos. Nesses programas são realizadas avaliações periódicas para planejamento e acompanhamento dos efeitos do treinamento. Recentemente, além das avaliações físicas tradicionais tem sido recomendada a inclusão de testes funcionais para avaliação do padrão de movimento dos indivíduos. Objetivo: Avaliar o desempenho funcional de mulheres e homens praticantes de ER. Métodos: Cinquenta e sete participantes (27 mulheres, 26,2 ± 5,1 anos; e 30 homens, 26,3 ± 5,8 anos) fisicamente ativos e experientes na prática de ER foram avaliados através da bateria de testes Functional Movement Screen (FMS®). O escore total foi comparado entre os sexos através do teste U de Mann-Whitney; já a distribuição dos escores parciais (escores de cada teste) e a proporção de escores assimétricos entre os grupos foram realizadas através do teste do Qui-Quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultados: O escore total das mulheres foi 14,6 ± 1,5 pontos, e o dos homens, 15,3 ± 1,4 pontos, de modo que não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Considerando os escores parciais, os homens apresentaram melhor desempenho no teste de estabilidade de tronco (p = 0,001) e de agachamento (p = 0,024), enquanto as mulheres apresentaram melhor desempenho no teste de mobilidade de ombros (p = 0,001). Neste último, além de apresentarem piores resultados, os homens foram significativamente mais assimétricos (p = 0,002). Conclusões: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem a necessidade de uma observação mais detalhada dos escores parciais para o planejamento de programas de treinamento personalizados, que atendam às necessidades de cada indivíduo.

Introduction: Resistance training (RT) is part of the physical fitness program of a large number of people. In these programs, periodic evaluations are carried out to plan and monitor the effects of training. Recently, in addition to the traditional physical evaluations, it has been recommended the inclusion of functional tests to evaluate the movement pattern of individuals. Objective: To assess the functional performance of women and men participating of RT. Methods: Fifty-seven participants (27 women, 26.2 ± 5.1 years old; and 30 men, 26.3 ± 5.8 years old), who are physically active and experienced in RT, were assessed through the use of Functional Movement Screen (FMS®). The total score was compared between the genders using the Mann-Whitney U test, and the distribution of the partial scores (scores of individual tests) and the proportion of asymmetric scores between groups was performed through the Chi-Square test (p < 0.05). Results: Women and men presented, respectively, a total score of 14.6 ± 1.5 and 15.3 ± 1.4 points, and there was no significant difference between genders. Considering the partial scores, men performed better in the trunk stability (p = 0.001) and deep squat (p = 0.024) tests, while women presented higher scores in the shoulder mobility test (p = 0.001). In the latter, besides presenting worse results, men were significantly more asymmetrical (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest the necessity of a more detailed observation of the partial scores in order to plan personalized training programs that consider the participants' individual needs.

Clasificación de los medios y métodos empleados en el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad: una reflexión crítica

El entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad representa un nuevo paradigma del fitness, además es un tipo de ejercicio que crece a nivel mundial en cuanto a practicantes y centros de acondicionamiento físico que lo ofertan; no obstante, la documentación respecto a la forma de realizar este tipo de entrenamientos es escasa, por lo que se puede presentar diferentes problemáticas en este ámbito de la actividad física, el deporte y la salud por desconocimiento de cómo efectuar este tipo de ejercicio físico de alta intensidad. El objetivo estudio de este artículo es hacer una reflexión crítica sobre los medios y métodos aplicados en el entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad. Posterior a la consulta de literatura se propone la siguiente clasificación para los medios (calisténicos/gimnásticos, cardiometabólico y levantamiento), mientras que los métodos obtuvieron dos clasificaciones, una basada en la modalidad (medios) y otra en la organización (estructura de la sesión). En conclusión, esta nueva propuesta se ajusta más a la realidad del entrenamiento funcional de alta intensidad desde las bases del entrenamiento deportivo.

High-intensity functional training represents a new fitness paradigm, it is also a type of exercise that is growing worldwide in terms of practitioners and fitness centers that offer it, despite the documentation regarding how to perform this type of exercise is scarce, so different problems can arise in this area of physical activity, sports and health due to a lack of knowledge of how to carry out this type of high-intensity physical exercise. The study objective of this article is to make a critical reflection on the means and methods applied in high intensity functional training. After consulting the literature, the following classification is proposed for the means (calisthenics/gymnastics, cardiometabolic and lifting), while the methods obtained two classifications, one based on the modality (means) and the other on the organizational (structure of the session). In conclusion, this new proposal is more in line with the reality of high-intensity functional training from the bases of sports training.

A resistência do fluxo inspiratório modifica a intensidade de uma sessão de pilates? / Does inspiratory flow resistance modify the intensity of a pilates session?

INTRODUÇÃO: As evidências sobre a melhora da capacidade funcional utilizando o Método Pilates não são contundentes. Uma possibilidade de melhorar o efeito de uma sessão de Pilates sobre a capacidade cardiorrespiratória de seus praticantes é utilizar a resistência de fluxo inspiratório (RFI) de forma concomitante. Esse efeito pode ser visualizado através da determinação do limiar glicêmico (LG), técnica utilizada como marcador de intensidade do exercício. OBJETIVO: Testar a hipótese de que a utilização de RFI em uma sessão de pilates antecipa o LG. MÉTODOS: Estudo crossover de corte transversal. Foram avaliados 26 indivíduos de ambos os sexos, sendo 10 do sexo masculino, sadios e com idade entre 20 e 40 anos. Os voluntários foram randomizados para dois protocolos: Protocolo RFI ­ 11 movimentos do Método Pilates com RFI utilizando 20% da pressão inspiratória máxima; e Protocolo sem RFI (SRFI) ­ 11 movimentos do Método Pilates sem RFI. Os dois protocolos foram realizados no mesmo dia, sendo um pela manhã e outro à tarde, conforme randomização feita por sorteio aleatório simples. No repouso e ao final de cada movimento coletas de sangue capilar foram realizadas para dosagem da glicemia e construção da curva glicêmica. O LG foi determinado no menor ponto da curva. RESULTADOS: O LG foi antecipado no protocolo que utilizou RFI, ou seja, no protocolo com RFI o LG foi visualizado no sexto exercício, enquanto no protocolo SRFI o LG foi visualizado no nono exercício (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: A RFI antecipou o LG, o que sugere que a RFI aumenta a intensidade de uma sessão de pilates. Isso aventa a hipótese de que a RFI pode proporcionar a médio e longo prazo benefícios adicionais aos praticantes do Método Pilates.

INTRODUCTION: The evidence on the improvement of functional capacity using the Pilates Method is not conclusive. One possibility to improve the effect of a Pilates session on the cardiorespiratory capacity of its practitioners is to use the inspiratory flow resistance (IFR) concomitantly. This effect can be visualized by determining the glycemic threshold (GT), a technique used as an exercise intensity marker. OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that the use of IFR in a Pilates session anticipates GT. METHODS: Cross-sectional crossover study. A total of 26 individuals of both genders were evaluated, 10 of whom were male, healthy, and aged between 20 and 40 years. The volunteers were randomized to two protocols: Protocol IFR - Eleven movements of the Pilates method with IFR using 20% of the maximum inspiratory pressure, and Protocol no IFR (NIFR) - Eleven movements of the Pilates method without IFR. The two protocols were performed on the same day, one in the morning and the other in the afternoon, according to randomization by simple random draw. At rest and at the end of each movement, capillary blood collections were performed to measure blood glucose and construct the glycemic curve. GT was determined at the smallest point on the curve. RESULTS: The GT was anticipated in the protocol that used IFR; that is, in the protocol with IFR, the GT was visualized in the sixth exercise, while in the NIFR protocol, the GT was visualized in the ninth exercise (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: IFR anticipated GT, which suggests that IFR increases the intensity of a Pilates session. This suggests the hypothesis that IFR can provide additional medium and long-term benefits to Pilates method practitioners.

Social ecological model based analysis of sport exercise behaviors and associated factors among children and adolescents in Ningxia / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the influencing factors underlying physical exercise behavior among children and adolescents aged 9-18 years in Ningxia, China, in 2019, and to provide suggestions for physical exercise among children and adolescents by adopting a social ecological model.@*Methods@#Based on data related to 12 018 children and adolescents in Ningxia aged 9-18 years old which were obtained from the National Survey on Students Constitution and Health in 2019, the survey questions scored based on the four levels of the social ecological model.@*Results@#The proportion of children and adolescents who engaged in physical exercise for less than 1 hour a day accounted for 55.97% of the total number of people in Ningxia. Regardless of whether they were able to engage in enough physical activity, individual factors played a dominant role in influencing the behavior of the children and adolescents, and an interaction was found between influencing factors at different levels( r=-0.01, 0.01, -0.08, 0.04, P <0.01). The results of the stepwise regression analysis showed that the personal factors e.g. sports makes me healthy, I don t have enough time, muscle strength exercise, I have no movement of any relationship partner, sports make me know partner, policy in the number of physical education, number of sports meeting in a school year, the average daily lesson hold number all affect children s sports activities in time( B =-0.05-0.16, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#The lack of physical exercise among children and adolescents in Ningxia is the result of multiple factors. Comprehensive and diversified intervention should be administered from a socio ecological framework to promote the formation of physical exercise habits among children and adolescents.

Analysis of exercise density and exercise load in different physical classes for second year junior high school students from Beijing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the exercise intensity and effective exercise load of different physical fitness classes for second year junior high school students in Beijing, so as to provide a reference for optimizing the teaching content of physical fitness classes, reasonably regulating exercise load and the scientific development of physical fitness.@*Methods@#From October to November 2022, 30 second year junior high school students from a middle school in Xicheng District, Beijing were selected to have their heart rate monitored during physical fitness classes using Polar heart rate monitors. Heart rate intervals and training impulse (TRIMP) were used to quantify exercise intensity and load. Independent sample t-test was used to statistically analyze differences in heart rate across different dimensions.@*Results@#The average heart rate of students in physical fitness classes was (140.62±9.41) counts/min, with effective exercise load (heart rates ≥120 counts/min) time accounting for 77.2%, and heart rate load of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time accounting for 51.9%. The average heart rates for speed, speed endurance, and endurance physical fitness classes were (137.89±8.82) (137.67±11.27) and (145.35±8.98) counts/min, respectively. The average heart rates of male and female students in physical education class were (144.22±24.95) and (136.31±28.78) counts/min, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=4.04, P >0.05). The cumulative durations of effective exercise load among male and female students were (34.08± 7.52 ) and ( 28.43 ±5.39) min, respectively. The average TRIMP value for physical fitness classes were (100.46±16.56), with a exercise density of 72.06%.@*Conclusions@#The exercise intensity of physical fitness classes for secondyear junior high school students in Beijing is appropriate, mainly with moderate to vigorous intensity, and the accumulated time of MVPA is sufficient. The average heart rate and exercise density of students meet the requirements. Scientific setting of physical fitness class exercise load should be based on individual differences in students physical fitness, in order to improve the physical health level of middle school students.

Correlation between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise among college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#The study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise among college students, with the goal of providing evidence and reference for effectively alleviating academic stress.@*Methods@#A stratified cluster random sampling method was employed, along with the Chinese College Student Psychological Health Screening Scale and a self designed questionnaire. In January 2023, an online survey was conducted among 1 108 college students from eight colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province. Statistical analyses included independent samples t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the optimal scale regression model.@*Results@#It revealed that 50.8% of students worried about falling behind their peers in their studies, 51.7% expressed concerns about exams, 21.7% exerted significant effort but still struggled to keep up with the pace of learning, and 24.9% felt difficulties in their studies. The overall index of academic stress was higher among undergraduate institutions, first year students, female students, and urban residents ( t/F =3.66, 10.96, -5.46, 3.52, P <0.01). The average time of weekly extracurricular physical exercise for students was (2.35±2.18)h, and there were significant differences by gender, only child status, and grade groups( t/F =2.35, 4.66, 7.09, P <0.05). The optimal scale regression model analysis ( R 2=0.17, F=32.03, P <0.01) revealed that the regression coefficient and partial correlation coefficient between academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were both -0.33( P <0.01). The importance of extracurricular physical exercise in the model was 0.66, with a tolerance value of 0.97. The regression coefficients and partial correlation coefficients for academic stress and extracurricular physical exercise time were -0.35, -0.35 for undergraduate students, and -0.31, -0.32 for junior college students ( P < 0.01 ).@*Conclusion@#A significant number of college students experience varying degrees of academic stress, and their engagement in extracurricular physical exercise is insufficient. There is a negative association between academic stress and extracurricular physical activity time among college students. Universities should encourage students to increase extracurricular physical activity time to reduce academic stress and promote college students mental health.

The current situation and influencing factors of college students use of fitness live stream / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To study the current situation and influencing factors of college students use of fitness live stream, so as to provide a reference basis for promoting the scientific fitness of the whole people, especially the physical health of young college students.@*Methods@#A total of 2 151 sample students of 18 colleges from Zhengzhou, Kaifeng and Luoyang in He nan Province, were by the three stage random sampling method from May to August in 2022. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression model were constructed to study the influencing factors of the use of fitness live stream among college students.@*Results@#About 48.6% of college students reported of using fitness live stream, which varied significantly by genders, grades, major, monthly consumption, health attitudes, fitness awareness, fitness motivation, and fitness frequency ( χ 2=111.17, 39.06, 218.45, 278.05, 515.67, 30.45 , 104.17, P <0.01). The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, grade, major, monthly consumption, health attitude, fitness awareness, fitness motivation and fitness frequency were the main factors related to the use of fitness live stream among college students ( OR =1.12-2.25, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#The college student community has a high acceptance of fitness live stream. Appropricate fitness awareness and fitness behaviors could also promote college students to actively participate in the activities of fitness live stream.

Cross lagged analysis of adolescent social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationships among social adaptation, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents, so as to provide theoretical basis for social adaptation and mental health improvement.@*Methods@#Longitudinal follow up survey data were collected from 1 163 adolescents in Jinan City, Shandong Province in September 2021 (T1), January 2022 (T2), and June 2022 (T3) by cluster random sampling method. The relationship between social adaptability, physical exercise, and mental health of adolescents was analyzed through cross lagged analysis.@*Results@#There were significant sex differences in physical exercise and mental health among adolescents on T1, T2, and T3 ( Z =-3.83, -3.43, -4.59; -12.45, -8.93, -8.72, P <0.01), with male students had more physical exercise [35(28,42),36(33,42),38(35,43)] and better mental health [12(12,17),17(17,21),14(14,26)] levels than female students [33(27,40),35(31,40),36(33,41); 9(9,12),12(12,23),12(12,23)]. No similar sex difference in social adaptability (T1, T2, T3) [male: 22 (14, 24), 22 (14, 24), 22 (16, 24); female: 21 (11, 23), 20 (14, 24), 22 (17, 24)] ( Z =-0.79, -1.19, -1.34, P >0.05). Temporal and synchronous correlations were found in social adaptability, physical exercise and mental health ( r =0.18-0.67，0.12-0.68, P <0.01). Teenager physical exercise and mental health could predict social adaptability across time ( β T1-T2 =0.25,0.13; β T2-T3 =0.25,0.06, P <0.05), with a mediating effect on the impact path of physical exercise on social adaptability in psychological health ( β =0.14, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#There is a causal relationship between physical exercise, mental health, and social adaptability among adolescents. Encouraging adolescents to actively participate in physical exercise and promoting mental health can effectively enhance their social adaptability.

Effects of upper limb strength training on physical fitness in table tennis / Efeitos do treinamento de força em membros superiores sobre a aptidão física no tênis de mesa / Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en miembros superiores sobre la aptitud física en tenis de mesa

ABSTRACT Introduction: Strength training is the basis for all sports and physical training. Evidence suggests that its benefit may extend to the athlete's general physical fitness, although few studies refer to the table tennis player. Objective: Study the effect of upper limb strength training on the physical fitness of table tennis players. Methods: Twenty sportsmen from a college were selected and randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group had the addition of an upper limb strength training protocol in their training, while the control group continued with conventional training. The experiment lasted eight weeks, with interventions three times a week, at intervals with a minimum of one day. Results: Specific fitness varied widely between groups: spinning technique in the experimental group increased from 36.66±6.85 per minute before the experiment to 41.03±7.06, P<0.05. In the control group, the turning technique was 61.41±4.73/min to 66.49±4.74/min after the experiment, P>0.05. Conclusion: Complementing the tennis training program with specific upper limb muscle strength training can effectively improve explosive muscle strength in its athletes, substantially increasing physical fitness for table tennis players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento de força é a base para todo o treinamento físico esportivo. Evidências sugerem que seu benefício possa estender-se para a aptidão física geral do atleta, embora haja poucos estudos referentes ao jogador de tênis de mesa. Objetivo: Estudar o efeito do treinamento de força dos membros superiores sobre a aptidão física dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos: Foram selecionados 20 esportistas de uma faculdade, divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos. O grupo experimental teve em seu treinamento a adição de um protocolo de treinamento de força dos membros superiores, enquanto o grupo controle continuou com o treinamento convencional. O experimento teve duração de 8 semanas, com intervenções três vezes por semana, intervaladas com um mínimo de um dia. Resultados: A aptidão física específica variou bastante entre os grupos: a técnica de giro no grupo experimental elevou-se de 36,66±6,85 por minuto antes do experimento, para 41,03±7,06, P<0.05. No grupo controle, a técnica de giro foi 61,41±4,73/min para 66,49±4,74/min, após o experimento, P>0.05. Conclusão: Complementar o programa de treinamento de tênis com o treino específico de força muscular nos membros superiores pode efetivamente melhorar a força muscular explosiva em seus atletas, incrementando substancialmente a aptidão física para os tenistas de mesa. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento de fuerza es la base de todo entrenamiento físico deportivo. Las evidencias sugieren que su beneficio puede extenderse a la condición física general del deportista, aunque existen pocos estudios referidos al jugador de tenis de mesa. Objetivo: Estudiar el efecto del entrenamiento de la fuerza de los miembros superiores sobre la forma física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 20 deportistas de una universidad, divididos aleatoriamente en dos grupos. El grupo experimental tuvo en su entrenamiento la adición de un protocolo de entrenamiento de la fuerza de los miembros superiores, mientras que el grupo de control continuó con el entrenamiento convencional. El experimento duró 8 semanas, con intervenciones tres veces por semana, con un intervalo mínimo de un día. Resultados: La aptitud específica varió ampliamente entre los grupos: la técnica de giro en el grupo experimental aumentó de 36,66±6,85 por minuto antes del experimento a 41,03±7,06, P<0,05. En el grupo de control, la técnica de giro pasó de 61,41±4,73/min a 66,49±4,74/min después del experimento, P>0,05. Conclusión: Complementar el programa de entrenamiento de tenis con un entrenamiento específico de la fuerza muscular de las extremidades superiores puede mejorar eficazmente la fuerza muscular explosiva en sus atletas, aumentando sustancialmente la aptitud física de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Analysis of hitting method and wrist strength of student tennis players / Análise sobre o método de tacada e a força do pulso de tenistas estudantes / Análisis del método de golpeo y de la fuerza de la muñeca de estudiantes de tenis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Wrist joint strength is important in tennis for angle control and racquet direction. Objective: Study the changes in muscle strength in the wrist region and the characteristics of joint movement under different tennis stroke styles. Methods: 50 students from a professional tennis club team at a university were selected as study subjects, and systematic professional wrist strength training was performed in the experimental group. In contrast, routine training was performed in the control class. The experimental training lasted for six weeks. During this period, the learning time of all groups remained the same, and no additional training or learning was added. Results: The experimental group's stability increased significantly, from 1.78 ± 0.67 to 2.25 ± 1.34 before training, and backstroke strength increased significantly, from 6.21 to 10.21; total stroke score also increased from 8.02 to 12.69. Conclusion: Improving wrist strength in tennis students may improve overall sports performance. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A força da articulação do pulso é de grande importância no esporte do tênis para controle de ângulo e a direção da raquete. Objetivo: Estudar as alterações da força muscular na região do pulso e as características de movimentação articular sob diferentes estilos de tacadas no tênis. Métodos: 50 alunos de uma equipe profissional de um clube de tênis de uma universidade foram selecionados como sujeitos de estudo e o treinamento profissional sistemático da força do pulso foi realizado no grupo experimental, enquanto o treinamento de rotina foi realizado na classe de controle. O treinamento experimental durou 6 semanas. Durante este período, o tempo de aprendizado de todos os grupos permaneceu o mesmo, e nenhum treinamento ou aprendizado adicional foi acrescentado. Resultados: A estabilidade do grupo experimental aumentou significativamente, de 1,78 ± 0,67 para 2,25 ± 1,34 antes do treinamento, e a força de tacada de costas aumentou significativamente, de 6,21 para 10,21; a pontuação total da tacada também aumentou de 8,02 para 12,69. Conclusão: A melhoria da força no pulso dos estudantes de tênis pode aprimorar o desempenho esportivo global. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fuerza de la articulación de la muñeca es de gran importancia en el deporte del tenis para el control del ángulo y la dirección de la raqueta. Objetivo: Estudiar los cambios de la fuerza muscular en la región de la muñeca y las características del movimiento articular bajo diferentes estilos de golpe de tenis. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 50 estudiantes de un equipo profesional de un club de tenis universitario como sujetos de estudio y se realizó un entrenamiento profesional sistemático de la fuerza de la muñeca en el grupo experimental, mientras que en la clase de control se realizó un entrenamiento rutinario. El entrenamiento experimental duró 6 semanas. Durante este periodo, el tiempo de aprendizaje de todos los grupos siguió siendo el mismo y no se añadió ninguna formación o aprendizaje adicional. Resultados: La estabilidad del grupo experimental aumentó significativamente, de 1,78 ± 0,67 a 2,25 ± 1,34 antes del entrenamiento, y la fuerza en la brazada de espalda aumentó significativamente, de 6,21 a 10,21; la puntuación total de brazada también aumentó de 8,02 a 12,69. Conclusión: Mejorar la fuerza de la muñeca en los estudiantes de tenis puede mejorar el rendimiento deportivo en general. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Evolution of competitive aerobics movements based on aesthetics / Evolução dos movimentos da aeróbica competitiva baseada na estética / Evolución de los movimientos aeróbicos de competición basada en la estética

ABSTRACT Introduction: Competitive aerobics is used mainly in the physical education of students in school period. In detriment of the physical value, the aesthetic factor is often neglected, and the analysis of the evolution of its movements can favor the development of this factor. Objective: Explore the evolution of competition aerobics movements based on the aesthetics of the movements. Methods: First, this paper discusses the scoring rules of competition aerobics over the years, using methods from the literature and image data. Next, athletes and coaches were asked to fill out and rate the weight score to analyze the value and scoring rules of competitive aerobics. Results: Aerobics in the competitive world has become increasingly mature, and the scoring rules have been more detailed and targeted. The most basic skills such as movement, strength, aesthetics, and more are the ongoing focus of scoring and specific training. Conclusion: Coaches and athletes must combine the evolution of current competitive aerobic movements, establishing a good foundation with precautions in synergy with the strengthening combination of basic training and scientific research. These are essential features for athletes to gain more scoring advantages in the competitive environment to improve their results in aerobic competitions. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A aeróbica de competição é utilizada principalmente na educação física dos alunos em período escolar. Em detrimento do valor físico, o fator estético muitas vezes é negligenciado, e a análise da evolução de seus movimentos pode favorecer o desenvolvimento desse fator. Objetivo: Explorar a evolução dos movimentos da aeróbica de competição com base na estética dos movimentos. Métodos: Primeiramente, este artigo discute as regras de pontuação da aeróbica de competição ao longo dos anos, utilizando os métodos da literatura e dados de imagem. Em seguida, atletas e treinadores foram convidados para preencher e classificar o peso da pontuação, a fim de analisar o valor e as regras de pontuação da aeróbica competitiva. Resultados: A aeróbica no mundo competitivo tornou-se cada vez mais madura, e as regras de pontuação têm sido mais detalhadas e direcionadas. As habilidades mais básicas como movimentos, força, estética, entre outras, são o foco contínuo da pontuação e do treinamento específico. Conclusão: Treinadores e atletas devem combinar a evolução dos movimentos aeróbicos competitivos atuais, estabelecendo uma boa base com precauções em sinergia ao fortalecimento da combinação de treinamento básico e pesquisa científica. Essas são características essenciais para que os atletas possam obter mais vantagens de pontuação no meio competitivo, a fim de melhorar seus resultados nas competições de aeróbica. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: El aeróbic de competición se utiliza principalmente en la educación física de los alumnos en periodo escolar. En detrimento del valor físico, muchas veces se descuida el factor estético, y el análisis de la evolución de sus movimientos puede favorecer el desarrollo de este factor. Objetivo: Explorar la evolución de los movimientos del aeróbic de competición a partir de la estética de los movimientos. Métodos: En primer lugar, este artículo analiza las reglas de puntuación del aeróbic de competición a lo largo de los años, utilizando métodos bibliográficos y datos de imágenes. A continuación, se invitó a atletas y entrenadores a rellenar y puntuar el peso para analizar el valor y las reglas de puntuación del aeróbic de competición. Resultados: El aeróbic de competición ha madurado cada vez más, y las reglas de puntuación se han hecho más detalladas y específicas. Las habilidades más básicas como el movimiento, la fuerza, la estética, entre otras, son el foco continuo de la puntuación y del entrenamiento específico. Conclusión: Los entrenadores y los atletas deben combinar la evolución de los movimientos aeróbicos competitivos actuales, estableciendo una buena base con precauciones en sinergia con el fortalecimiento de la combinación del entrenamiento básico y la investigación científica. Estas son características esenciales para que los atletas obtengan más ventajas de puntuación en el ambiente competitivo para mejorar sus resultados en las competiciones aeróbicas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Coordinated training and physiological indices in young tennis players / Treinamento coordenado e índices fisiológicos em jovens tenistas / Entrenamiento coordinado e índices fisiológicos en jóvenes tenistas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Motor coordination and physiological functions in young players are crucial for maximum performance in training. To release the potential of athletes for their competitive careers, it is necessary to open the way for their careers in the first years of performance. Objective: Analyze the effect of training coordination of young tennis players on prescribed physical conditioning and its physiological indicators. Methods: 12 young tennis players were randomly selected and divided into experimental and control groups. Technical, speed, endurance, and physiological exercise indicators were recorded. Results: After six weeks of the experiment, the experimental group had a particularly significant improvement in 30-meter speed quality, about 0.5 seconds; forehand and backhand swing scores before the experiment were 75.01, and after the experiment was 89.79, an increase of 14.78 points, revealing significant improvement. The experimental group also excelled in terms of physiological indicators of exercise. Conclusion: Coordination training can effectively improve the physical conditioning and exercise physiological indicators of young tennis players, with the effect of coordination training being most evident without altering the external characteristics. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A coordenação motora e as funções fisiológicas dos jovens jogadores são cruciais para o máximo desempenho no treinamento. Visando liberar o potencial dos atletas para sua carreira competitiva, é necessário abrir o caminho de sua carreira nos primeiros anos de atuação. Objetivo: Analisar o efeito da coordenação de treinamento de jovens tenistas sobre o condicionamento físico prescrito e seus indicadores fisiológicos. Métodos: 12 jovens tenistas foram selecionados aleatoriamente e divididos em grupo experimental e grupo de controle. Foram registrados os indicadores técnicos, de velocidade, resistência e exercícios fisiológicos. Resultados: Após 6 semanas de experimento, o grupo experimental teve uma melhora particularmente significativa na qualidade de velocidade de 30 metros, cerca de 0,5 segundos; a pontuação de forehand e backhand swing antes do experimento foi de 75,01, e após o experimento foi de 89,79, um aumento de 14,78 pontos, revelando melhora significativa. O grupo experimental também se destacou em termos de indicadores fisiológicos de exercício. Conclusão: O treinamento de coordenação pode melhorar efetivamente o condicionamento físico e os indicadores fisiológicos do exercício de jovens tenistas, sendo o efeito do treinamento de coordenação mais evidenciado sem alteração das características exteriores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La coordinación motora y las funciones fisiológicas de los jugadores jóvenes son cruciales para obtener el máximo rendimiento en los entrenamientos. Con el objetivo de liberar el potencial de los atletas para su carrera competitiva, es necesario abrir el camino para su carrera en los primeros años de rendimiento. Objetivo: Analizar el efecto del entrenamiento de la coordinación de los jóvenes tenistas sobre el acondicionamiento físico prescrito y sus indicadores fisiológicos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron al azar 12 jóvenes tenistas y se dividieron en grupo experimental y grupo de control. Se registraron los indicadores técnicos, de velocidad, de resistencia y fisiológicos del ejercicio. Resultados: Después de 6 semanas de experimento, el grupo experimental tuvo una mejora especialmente significativa en la calidad de la velocidad de 30 metros, alrededor de 0,5 segundos; las puntuaciones de forehand e backhand swing antes del experimento fueron de 75,01, y después del experimento fueron de 89,79, un aumento de 14,78 puntos, lo que revela una mejora significativa. El grupo experimental también se destacó en cuanto a los indicadores fisiológicos del ejercicio. Conclusión: El entrenamiento de la coordinación puede mejorar eficazmente la condición física y los indicadores fisiológicos del ejercicio de los jóvenes tenistas, siendo más evidente el efecto del entrenamiento de la coordinación sin alteración de las características externas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Educação em neurociência da dor e Pilates para idosos com dor lombar crônica: ensaio clínico controlado randomizado / Educación en neurociencia del dolor y pilates para personas mayores con dolor lumbar crónico: ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado / Pain neuroscience education and pilates for elderly with chronic low back pain: randomized controlled clinical trial

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o efeito da Educação em Neurociência da Dor aliada ao Pilates na catastrofização da dor em idosos com lombalgia crônica inespecífica. Métodos Ensaio clínico controlado randomizado com 80 participantes divididos em dois grupos: Grupo Pilates combinado com Educação em Neurociência da Dor - GPE, e Grupo Pilates- GP. As medidas foram feitas no início, pós-intervenção e após seis meses (seguimento). O protocolo incluiu três sessões individuais de Educação em Neurociência da Dor (END) de 30 min (somente para o GPE) e, posteriormente, oito semanas de Pilates (duas vezes por semana, 50 min/sessão, para ambos os grupos). Resultados Comparações das diferenças pré-pós e de seguimento em catastrofização, cinesiofobia, incapacidade e intensidade da dor não mostraram evidências de que a END teve efeitos adicionais em comparação com os exercícios isoladamente. Uma vantagem provável do presente protocolo de END foi que as taxas de abandono para o GPE foram menores do que para o GP, mostrando que a END aumentou a adesão ao exercício. Conclusão A relevância clínica do estudo é que o Pilates é uma intervenção segura para idosos com dor lombar crônica inespecífica e a END pode aumentar a adesão ao exercício nessa população.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar el efecto de la educación en neurociencia del dolor como aliada a la práctica de pilates en la catastrofización del dolor en personas mayores con lumbalgia crónica inespecífica. Métodos Ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado con 80 participantes divididos en dos grupos: Grupo pilates combinado con educación en neurociencia del dolor (GPE) y Grupo pilates (GP). Las medidas se realizaron antes y después de la intervención y después de seis meses (seguimiento). El protocolo incluía tres sesiones individuales de educación en neurociencia del dolor (END) de 30 minutos (solo para el GPE) y, posteriormente, ocho semanas de pilates (dos veces por semana, 50 min/sesión, para ambos grupos). Resultados La comparación de las diferencias antes-después y de seguimiento en catastrofización, kinesiofobia, incapacidad e intensidad del dolor no mostró evidencias de que la END tenga efectos adicionales en comparación con los ejercicios de forma aislada. Una ventaja probable del presente protocolo de END fue que los índices de abandono del GPE fueron menores que en el GP, lo que demuestra que la END aumentó la adherencia al ejercicio. Conclusión La relevancia clínica del estudio es que pilates es una intervención segura para personas mayores con dolor lumbar crónico inespecífico y la END puede aumentar la adherencia al ejercicio en esta población. Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos: U1111-1190-673

Abstract Objective Verify the effect of Pain Neuroscience Education combined with Pilates on catastrophizing in older people with chronic non-specific low back pain. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial with 80 participants divided into two groups: Pilates combined with Pain Neuroscience Education Group - PEG, and Pilates Group - PG. The measurements were taken at baseline, post-intervention, and after 6 months (follow-up). The protocol included three individual 30-min PNE sessions (only for PEG) and, after that, 8 weeks of Pilates (twice a week, 50 min/session, for both groups). Results Comparisons of pre-post and follow-up differences in catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, disability, and pain intensity showed no evidence that PNE had any additional effects when compared with exercises alone. One likely advantage of the present PNE protocol was that the dropout rates for the PEG group were lower than for the PG group, showing that PNE has increased exercise adherence. Conclusion The clinical relevance of the study is that Pilates is a safe intervention for older people with non-specific chronic low back pain, and that PNE can increase adherence to exercise for this population. Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry: U1111-1190-673

Impacts of balance under lower limb training / Impactos do equilíbrio sob treinamento dos membros inferiores / Impactos del equilibrio bajo entrenamiento de las extremidades inferiores

ABSTRACT Introduction How to scientifically improve the sports balance ability of table tennis players is a frequent question among current researchers. Increasing the explosive power and stability of the lower limbs to improve competitive performance is one of the main focuses of current research. Objective Analyze the impacts caused by lower limb training on the balance ability of table tennis players. Methods Junior table tennis students from a university were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The control group had routine training while the experimental group had a protocol with lower limb training added. Results There was a statistical difference in the forward jump from 225.268 (± 13.229) cm before the experiment to 269.127 (± 9.331) cm after the experiment, and the left and right inclined jump values also followed this pattern after the experiment. The standing jump distance of the control group increased from 220.077 (± 21.124) cm before the experiment to 258.122 (± 15.1301) cm after the experiment. Conclusion Habitual sports training positively impacts table tennis players, but the effect is relatively slow and has low training efficiency. The lower limb strength training scheme proposed in this study showed improved sporting efficiency in athletes and expressive gains in their lower limb strength, positively impacting dynamic balance ability. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução Como melhorar cientificamente a capacidade de equilíbrio esportivo dos jogadores de tênis de mesa é uma questão frequente entre os pesquisadores atuais. Aumentar o poder explosivo e a estabilidade dos membros inferiores para melhorar o desempenho competitivo é um dos principais focos da pesquisa atual. Objetivo Analisar os impactos provocados pelo treinamento dos membros inferiores sobre a capacidade de equilíbrio dos jogadores de tênis de mesa. Métodos Os estudantes de tênis de mesa juniores de uma universidade foram divididos aleatoriamente em grupo experimental e grupo de controle. O grupo controle efetuou o treino de rotina enquanto ao grupo experimental foi adicionado um protocolo com treinamento dos membros inferiores. Resultados Houve diferença estatística de salto frontal de 225.268 (± 13.229) cm antes do experimento para 269.127 (± 9.331) cm após o experimento, e os valores de salto inclinado à esquerda e à direita também seguiram esse padrão após o experimento. A distância de salto em pé do grupo de controle aumentou de 220.077 (± 21.124) cm antes do experimento para 258.122 (± 15.1301) cm após o experimento. Conclusão O treinamento esportivo habitual revela impactos positivos sobre os jogadores de tênis de mesa, porém o efeito é relativamente lento e a eficiência do treinamento é baixa. O esquema de treinamento da força dos membros inferiores proposto neste trabalho demonstrou uma melhor eficiência esportiva nos atletas e ganhos expressivos de suas forças dos membros inferiores, impactando positivamente na capacidade de equilíbrio dinâmico. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción Cómo mejorar científicamente la capacidad de equilibrio deportivo de los jugadores de tenis de mesa es una pregunta frecuente entre los investigadores actuales. Aumentar la potencia explosiva y la estabilidad de los miembros inferiores para mejorar el rendimiento competitivo es uno de los principales objetivos de la investigación actual. Objetivo Analizar los impactos causados por el entrenamiento de las extremidades inferiores en la capacidad de equilibrio de los jugadores de tenis de mesa. Métodos Los estudiantes de tenis de mesa de una universidad fueron divididos aleatoriamente en grupo experimental y grupo de control. El grupo de control realizó un entrenamiento rutinario mientras que al grupo experimental se le añadió un protocolo con entrenamiento de los miembros inferiores. Resultados Hubo una diferencia estadística de 225,268 (± 13,229) cm de salto frontal antes del experimento a 269,127 (± 9,331) cm después del experimento, y los valores de salto inclinado izquierdo y derecho también siguieron este patrón después del experimento. La distancia de salto en pie del grupo de control aumentó de 220,077 (± 21,124) cm antes del experimento a 258,122 (± 15,1301) cm después del mismo. Conclusión El entrenamiento deportivo habitual revela impactos positivos en los jugadores de tenis de mesa, pero el efecto es relativamente lento y la eficacia del entrenamiento es baja. El esquema de entrenamiento de la fuerza de los miembros inferiores propuesto en este trabajo mostró una mejor eficiencia deportiva en los atletas y ganancias expresivas de su fuerza de los miembros inferiores, impactando positivamente en la capacidad de equilibrio dinámico. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.